Strategies for managing today's infections

2006

Moran, 2006, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections among patients in the emergency department, N Engl J Med, 355, 666, 10.1056/NEJMoa055356

2004, Bad bugs, no drugs

Wick, 2006, Infection control and the long-term care facility, Consult Pharm, 21, 467, 10.4140/TCP.n.2006.467

Garibaldi, 1999, Residential care and the elderly: the burden of infection, J Hosp Infect, 43, S9, 10.1016/S0195-6701(99)90061-0

Stalam, 2004, Antibiotic agents in the elderly, Infect Dis Clin North Am, 18, 533, 10.1016/j.idc.2004.04.004

Pittet, 1997, Microbiological factors influencing the outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infections: a 6-year validated, population-based model, Clin Infect Dis, 24, 1068, 10.1086/513640

Wisplinghoff, 2004, Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study, Clin Infect Dis, 39, 309, 10.1086/421946

Miller, 2007, A prospective investigation of outcomes after hospital discharge for endemic, community-acquired methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus skin infection, Clin Infect Dis, 44, 483, 10.1086/511041

Begier, 2004, A high-morbidity outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among players on a college football team, facilitated by cosmetic body shaving and turf burns, Clin Infect Dis, 39, 1446, 10.1086/425313

Kazakova, 2005, A clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among professional football players, N Engl J Med, 352, 468, 10.1056/NEJMoa042859

Mongkolrattanothai, 2005, Impact of community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on management of the skin and soft tissue infections in children, Curr Infect Dis Rep, 7, 381, 10.1007/s11908-005-0013-1

Frazee, 2005, Fatal community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in an immunocompetent young adult, Ann Emerg Med, 46, 401, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.05.023

Miller, 2005, Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles, N Engl J Med, 352, 1445, 10.1056/NEJMoa042683

Adem, 2005, Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and the Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome in children, N Engl J Med, 353, 1245, 10.1056/NEJMoa044194

Vandenesch, 2003, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton–Valentine leukocidin genes: worldwide emergence, Emerg Infect Dis, 9, 978, 10.3201/eid0908.030089

Gillet, 2002, Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton–Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients, Lancet, 359, 753, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07877-7

Moellering, 1992, Emergence of Enterococcus as a significant pathogen, Clin Infect Dis, 14, 1173, 10.1093/clinids/14.6.1173

Moellering, 2000, Enterococcus species, Streptococcus bovis, and Leuconostoc species, 2147

Rice, 2001, Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Emerg Infect Dis, 7, 183, 10.3201/eid0702.010205

2003, National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2003, issued August 2003, Am J Infect Control, 31, 481, 10.1016/j.ajic.2003.09.002

Treitman, 2005, Emerging incidence of Enterococcus faecium among hospital isolates (1993 to 2002), J Clin Microbiol, 43, 462, 10.1128/JCM.43.1.462-463.2005

Garau, 2003, Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia, Curr Opin Infect Dis, 16, 135, 10.1097/00001432-200304000-00010

Giamarellou, 2000, Therapeutic guidelines for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, Int J Antimicrob Agents, 16, 103, 10.1016/S0924-8579(00)00212-0

Livermore, 2002, Multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: our worst nightmare, Clin Infect Dis, 34, 634, 10.1086/338782

Kollef, 2005, Epidemiology and outcomes of health-care-associated pneumonia: results from a large US database of culture-positive pneumonia, Chest, 128, 3854, 10.1378/chest.128.6.3854

Karlowsky, 2005, Stable antimicrobial susceptibility rates for clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the 2001–2003 tracking resistance in the United States today surveillance studies, Clin Infect Dis, 40, S89, 10.1086/426188

Bergogne-Berezin, 1996, Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens: microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological features, Clin Microbiol Rev, 9, 148, 10.1128/CMR.9.2.148

Abbo, 2007, Impact of multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii on clinical outcomes, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 26, 793, 10.1007/s10096-007-0371-8

Scheetz, 2007, In vitro activities of various antimicrobials alone and in combination with tigecycline against carbapenem-intermediate or -resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51, 1621, 10.1128/AAC.01099-06

Jain, 2004, Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections: an emerging challenge to clinicians, Ann Pharmacother, 38, 1449, 10.1345/aph.1D592

Wunderink, 2003, Linezolid vs vancomycin: analysis of two double-blind studies of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia, Chest, 124, 1789, 10.1016/S0012-3692(15)33412-7

Appelbaum, 2006, The emergence of vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clin Microbiol Infect, 12, 16, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01344.x

Wang, 2006, Increased vancomycin MICs for Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from a university hospital during a 5-year period, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 3883, 10.1128/JCM.01388-06

Awad, 2007, Increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft-tissue infections: reconsideration of empiric antimicrobial therapy, Am J Surg, 194, 606, 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.07.016

Rayner, 2005, Antibiotics currently used in the treatment of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Intern Med J, 35, S3, 10.1111/j.1444-0903.2005.00976.x

Gemmell, 2006, Guidelines for the prophylaxis and treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the UK, J Antimicrob Chemother, 57, 589, 10.1093/jac/dkl017

Birmingham, 2003, Linezolid for the treatment of multidrug-resistant, gram-positive infections: experience from a compassionate-use program, Clin Infect Dis, 36, 159, 10.1086/345744

Fowler, 2006, Daptomycin versus standard therapy for bacteremia and endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, N Engl J Med, 355, 653, 10.1056/NEJMoa053783

Ellis-Grosse, 2005, The efficacy and safety of tigecycline in the treatment of skin and skin-structure infections: results of 2 double-blind phase 3 comparison studies with vancomycin–aztreonam, Clin Infect Dis, 41, S341, 10.1086/431675

Grim, 2005, Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole as a viable treatment option for infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pharmacotherapy, 25, 253, 10.1592/phco.25.2.253.56956

Martinez-Aguilar, 2003, Clindamycin treatment of invasive infections caused by community-acquired, methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in children, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 22, 593, 10.1097/01.inf.0000073163.37519.ee

Cruciani, 1996, Penetration of vancomycin into human lung tissue, J Antimicrob Chemother, 38, 865, 10.1093/jac/38.5.865

Scheetz, 2006, Potential impact of vancomycin pulmonary distribution on treatment outcomes in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, Pharmacotherapy, 26, 539, 10.1592/phco.26.4.539

Fan-Havard, 1990, Pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of vancomycin in pediatric patients undergoing CSF shunt placement, Chemotherapy, 36, 103, 10.1159/000238755

Deresinski, 2007, Counterpoint: vancomycin and Staphylococcus aureus—an antibiotic enters obsolescence, Clin Infect Dis, 44, 1543, 10.1086/518452

Drees, 2006, New agents for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, Curr Opin Infect Dis, 19, 544, 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328010683e

Stevens, 2006, The role of vancomycin in the treatment paradigm, Clin Infect Dis, 42, S51, 10.1086/491714

Paterson, 2006, Clinical experience with recently approved antibiotics, Curr Opin Pharmacol, 6, 486, 10.1016/j.coph.2006.07.001

Schmidt-Ioanas, 2005, New antibiotics for the treatment of severe staphylococcal infection in the critically ill patient, Curr Opin Crit Care, 11, 481, 10.1097/01.ccx.0000176690.18433.22

Jeffres, 2007, A retrospective analysis of possible renal toxicity associated with vancomycin in patients with health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, Clin Ther, 29, 1107, 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.06.014

Begg, 2001, The therapeutic monitoring of antimicrobial agents, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 52, 35S, 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2001.00377.x

Chastre, 2008, Evolving problems with resistant pathogens, Clin Microbiol Infect, 14, 3, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01958.x

Safdar, 2004, Does combination antimicrobial therapy reduce mortality in Gram-negative bacteraemia? A meta-analysis, Lancet Infect Dis, 4, 519, 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01108-9

Kollef, 2001, Optimizing antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit setting, Crit Care, 5, 189, 10.1186/cc1022

Charlebois, 2002, Population-based community prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the urban poor of San Francisco, Clin Infect Dis, 34, 425, 10.1086/338069

Mulligan, 1993, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a consensus review of the microbiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology with implications for prevention and management, Am J Med, 94, 313, 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90063-U

Weber, 2005, Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clin Infect Dis, 41, S269, 10.1086/430788

Naimi, 2003, Comparison of community- and health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, JAMA, 290, 2976, 10.1001/jama.290.22.2976

Graffunder, 2002, Risk factors associated with nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection including previous use of antimicrobials, J Antimicrob Chemother, 49, 999, 10.1093/jac/dkf009

Huang, 2002, Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from blood in San Francisco County, California, 1996–1999, Emerg Infect Dis, 8, 195, 10.3201/eid0802.010102

Tristan, 2007, Global distribution of Panton–Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2006, Emerg Infect Dis, 4, 594, 10.3201/eid1304.061316

Bodey, 1985, Pseudomonas bacteremia. Retrospective analysis of 410 episodes, Arch Intern Med, 145, 1621, 10.1001/archinte.1985.00360090089015

Davey, 2008, Appropriate vs. inappropriate antimicrobial therapy, Clin Microbiol Infect, 14, 15, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01959.x

Bolon, 2004, Glycopeptides are no more effective than beta-lactam agents for prevention of surgical site infection after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis, Clin Infect Dis, 38, 1357, 10.1086/383318