Towards a holistic and mechanistic understanding of tumourigenesis via genetically engineered mouse models

WHO (2017): (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/). Kristensen, 2014, Principles and methods of integrative genomic analyses in cancer, Nat Rev Cancer, 14, 299, 10.1038/nrc3721 Chen, 2015, New horizons in tumor microenvironment biology: challenges and opportunities, BMC Med, 13, 45, 10.1186/s12916-015-0278-7 Kersten, 2017, Genetically engineered mouse models in oncology research and cancer medicine, EMBO Mol Med, 9, 137, 10.15252/emmm.201606857 Politi, 2011, How genetically engineered mouse tumor models provide insights into human cancers, J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol, 29, 2273, 10.1200/JCO.2010.30.8304 Kretzschmar, 2012, Lineage tracing, Cell, 148, 33, 10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.002 Blanpain, 2013, Tracing the cellular origin of cancer, Nat Cell Biol, 15, 126, 10.1038/ncb2657 Hirrlinger, 2009, Split-cre complementation indicates coincident activity of different genes in vivo, PLoS One, 4, e4286, 10.1371/journal.pone.0004286 Weissman, 2015, Brainbow: new resources and emerging biological applications for multicolor genetic labeling and analysis, Genetics, 199, 293, 10.1534/genetics.114.172510 Swartling, 2012, Distinct neural stem cell populations give rise to disparate brain tumors in response to n-myc, Cancer Cell, 21, 601, 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.012 Lu, 2015, Differential requirements for beta-catenin in murine prostate cancer originating from basal versus luminal cells, J Pathol, 236, 290, 10.1002/path.4521 Choi, 2012, Adult murine prostate basal and luminal cells are self-sustained lineages that can both serve as targets for prostate cancer initiation, Cancer Cell, 21, 253, 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.01.005 Youssef, 2012, Adult interfollicular tumour-initiating cells are reprogrammed into an embryonic hair follicle progenitor-like fate during basal cell carcinoma initiation, Nat Cell Biol, 14, 1282, 10.1038/ncb2628 Schuller, 2008, Acquisition of granule neuron precursor identity is a critical determinant of progenitor cell competence to form shh-induced medulloblastoma, Cancer Cell, 14, 123, 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.07.005 Molyneux, 2010, Brca1 basal-like breast cancers originate from luminal epithelial progenitors and not from basal stem cells, Cell Stem Cell, 7, 403, 10.1016/j.stem.2010.07.010 Wong, 2011, Wounding mobilizes hair follicle stem cells to form tumors, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108, 4093, 10.1073/pnas.1013098108 Chen, 2012, A restricted cell population propagates glioblastoma growth after chemotherapy, Nature, 488, 522, 10.1038/nature11287 Urlinger, 2000, Exploring the sequence space for tetracycline-dependent transcriptional activators: novel mutations yield expanded range and sensitivity, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97, 7963, 10.1073/pnas.130192197 DuPage, 2009, Conditional mouse lung cancer models using adenoviral or lentiviral delivery of cre recombinase, Nat Protoc, 4, 1064, 10.1038/nprot.2009.95 Cong, 2013, Multiplex genome engineering using crispr/cas systems, Science, 339, 819, 10.1126/science.1231143 Maddalo, 2014, In vivo engineering of oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements with the crispr/cas9 system, Nature, 516, 423, 10.1038/nature13902 de Latouliere, 2016, A bioluminescent mouse model of proliferation to highlight early stages of pancreatic cancer: a suitable tool for preclinical studies, Ann Anat, 207, 2, 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.11.010 Genevois, 2016, In vivo follow-up of brain tumor growth via bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence tomography, Int J Mol Sci, 17, 10.3390/ijms17111815 Jansen, 2016, Bevacizumab targeting diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: results of 89zr-bevacizumab pet imaging in brain tumor models, Mol Cancer Ther, 15, 2166, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0558 Ehlerding, 2017, Cd38 as a pet imaging target in lung cancer, Mol Pharm, 14, 2400, 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00298 Doucette, 2011, Mesenchymal stem cells display tumor-specific tropism in an rcas/ntv-a glioma model, Neoplasia (New York, N Y), 13, 716, 10.1593/neo.101680 Ottobrini, 2011, In vivo imaging of immune cell trafficking in cancer, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 38, 949, 10.1007/s00259-010-1687-7 Pham, 2009, Dendritic cells: therapy and imaging, Expert Opin Biol Ther, 9, 539, 10.1517/14712590902867739 Mandl, 2002, Understanding immune cell trafficking patterns via in vivo bioluminescence imaging, J Cell Biochem Suppl, 39, 239, 10.1002/jcb.10454 Abe, 2013, Reporter mouse lines for fluorescence imaging, Dev Growth Differ, 55, 390, 10.1111/dgd.12062 Burrell, 2013, A novel high-resolution in vivo imaging technique to study the dynamic response of intracranial structures to tumor growth and therapeutics, J Vis Exp, e50363 Alexander, 2013, Preclinical intravital microscopy of the tumour-stroma interface: invasion, metastasis, and therapy response, Curr Opin Cell Biol, 25, 659, 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.07.001 Weigelin, 2016, Third harmonic generation microscopy of cells and tissue organization, J Cell Sci, 129, 245, 10.1242/jcs.152272 Campagnola, 2011, Second harmonic generation imaging microscopy: applications to diseases diagnostics, Anal Chem, 83, 3224, 10.1021/ac1032325 Lee, 2015, In vivo imaging of the tumor and its associated microenvironment using combined cars/2-photon microscopy, Intravital, 4, 10.1080/21659087.2015.1055430 Friedl, 2011, Cancer invasion and the microenvironment: plasticity and reciprocity, Cell, 147, 992, 10.1016/j.cell.2011.11.016 Andresen, 2009, Infrared multiphoton microscopy: subcellular-resolved deep tissue imaging, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 20, 54, 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.02.008 Rueckel, 2006, Adaptive wavefront correction in two-photon microscopy using coherence-gated wavefront sensing, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 17137, 10.1073/pnas.0604791103 Brunker, 2017, Photoacoustic imaging using genetically encoded reporters: a review, J Biomed Opt, 22, 10.1117/1.JBO.22.7.070901 Karreman, 2016, Fast and precise targeting of single tumor cells in vivo by multimodal correlative microscopy, J Cell Sci, 129, 444, 10.1242/jcs.181842 Lancaster, 2014, Organogenesis in a dish: modeling development and disease using organoid technologies, Science, 345, 10.1126/science.1247125 Barcellos-Hoff, 1989, Functional differentiation and alveolar morphogenesis of primary mammary cultures on reconstituted basement membrane, Development, 105, 223, 10.1242/dev.105.2.223 Schmeichel, 2003, Modeling tissue-specific signaling and organ function in three dimensions, J Cell Sci, 116, 2377, 10.1242/jcs.00503 Rhim, 2015, Culturing mouse tumor cells, Cold Spring Harb Protoc, 2015, 505, 10.1101/pdb.top069989 Coraux, 2003, Reconstituted skin from murine embryonic stem cells, Curr Biol, 13, 849, 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00296-3 Lee, 2007, Three-dimensional culture models of normal and malignant breast epithelial cells, Nat Methods, 4, 359, 10.1038/nmeth1015 Lancaster, 2013, Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly, Nature, 501, 373, 10.1038/nature12517 Taguchi, 2014, Redefining the in vivo origin of metanephric nephron progenitors enables generation of complex kidney structures from pluripotent stem cells, Cell Stem Cell, 14, 53, 10.1016/j.stem.2013.11.010 Kale, 2000, Three-dimensional cellular development is essential for ex vivo formation of human bone, Nat Biotechnol, 18, 954, 10.1038/79439 Spence, 2011, Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into intestinal tissue in vitro, Nature, 470, 105, 10.1038/nature09691 Barker, 2010, Lgr5(+ve) stem cells drive self-renewal in the stomach and build long-lived gastric units in vitro, Cell Stem Cell, 6, 25, 10.1016/j.stem.2009.11.013 Huch, 2013, In vitro expansion of single lgr5+ liver stem cells induced by wnt-driven regeneration, Nature, 494, 247, 10.1038/nature11826 Lee, 2014, Lung stem cell differentiation in mice directed by endothelial cells via a bmp4-nfatc1-thrombospondin-1 axis, Cell, 156, 440, 10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.039 Greggio, 2013, Artificial three-dimensional niches deconstruct pancreas development in vitro, Development, 140, 4452, 10.1242/dev.096628 Jechlinger, 2009, Regulation of transgenes in three-dimensional cultures of primary mouse mammary cells demonstrates oncogene dependence and identifies cells that survive deinduction, Genes Dev, 23, 1677, 10.1101/gad.1801809 Jarde, 2016, Wnt and neuregulin1/erbb signalling extends 3d culture of hormone responsive mammary organoids, Nat Commun, 7, 13207, 10.1038/ncomms13207 Nadauld, 2014, Metastatic tumor evolution and organoid modeling implicate tgfbr2 as a cancer driver in diffuse gastric cancer, Genome Biol, 15, 428, 10.1186/s13059-014-0428-9 Li, 2014, Oncogenic transformation of diverse gastrointestinal tissues in primary organoid culture, Nat Med, 20, 769, 10.1038/nm.3585 Rowald, 2016, Negative selection and chromosome instability induced by mad2 overexpression delay breast cancer but facilitate oncogene-independent outgrowth, Cell Rep, 15, 2679, 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.048 Bivona, 2016, A framework for understanding and targeting residual disease in oncogene-driven solid cancers, Nat Med, 22, 472, 10.1038/nm.4091 Aguirre-Ghiso, 2007, Models, mechanisms and clinical evidence for cancer dormancy, Nat Rev Cancer, 7, 834, 10.1038/nrc2256 Varmus, 2005, Oncogenes come of age, Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 70, 1, 10.1101/sqb.2005.70.039 Weinstein, 2002, Cancer. Addiction to oncogenes–the achilles heal of cancer, Science, 297, 63, 10.1126/science.1073096 Shachaf, 2005, Rehabilitation of cancer through oncogene inactivation, Trends Mol Med, 11, 316, 10.1016/j.molmed.2005.05.003 Podsypanina, 2008, Oncogene cooperation in tumor maintenance and tumor recurrence in mouse mammary tumors induced by myc and mutant kras, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 5242, 10.1073/pnas.0801197105 Gunther, 2003, Impact of p53 loss on reversal and recurrence of conditional wnt-induced tumorigenesis, Genes Dev, 17, 488, 10.1101/gad.1051603 Havas, 2017, Metabolic shifts in residual breast cancer drive tumor recurrence, J Clin Invest, 127, 2091, 10.1172/JCI89914 Viale, 2014, Oncogene ablation-resistant pancreatic cancer cells depend on mitochondrial function, Nature, 514, 628, 10.1038/nature13611 Weigelt, 2005, Breast cancer metastasis: markers and models, Nat Rev Cancer, 5, 591, 10.1038/nrc1670 Bos, 2010, Modeling metastasis in the mouse, Curr Opin Pharmacol, 10, 571, 10.1016/j.coph.2010.06.003 Harper, 2016, Mechanism of early dissemination and metastasis in her2+ mammary cancer, Nature, 10.1038/nature20609 Sharma, 2015, The future of immune checkpoint therapy, Science, 348, 56, 10.1126/science.aaa8172 Spranger, 2017, Tumor-residing batf3 dendritic cells are required for effector t cell trafficking and adoptive t cell therapy, Cancer Cell, 31, 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.04.003 Bartfeld, 2017, Stem cell-derived organoids and their application for medical research and patient treatment, J Mol Med Berl, 95, 729, 10.1007/s00109-017-1531-7