Expert Panel Review on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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inhibitors activate the adipocyte renin angiotensin system, Antivir Ther, 15, 363, 10.3851/IMP1533 Gerard, 2016, Gut microbiota and obesity, Cell Mol Life Sci, 73, 147, 10.1007/s00018-015-2061-5 Rietschel, 2001, Assessment of growth hormone dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, 504 Tchkonia, 2010, Fat tissue, aging, and cellular senescence, Aging Cell, 9, 667, 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00608.x Lake, 2017, The fat of the matter: obesity and visceral adiposity in treated HIV infection, Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 14, 211, 10.1007/s11904-017-0368-6 Milic, 2014, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: biochemical, metabolic and clinical presentations, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 9330 Flint, 2009, The role of protease inhibitors in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated lipodystrophy: cellular mechanisms and clinical implications, Toxicol Pathol, 37, 65, 10.1177/0192623308327119 Carr, 1998, Pathogenesis of HIV-1-protease inhibitor-associated peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, and insulin resistance, Lancet, 351, 1881, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03391-1 Mohr, 2018, Return-to-health effect of modern combined antiretroviral therapy potentially predisposes HIV patients to hepatic steatosis, Medicine (Baltimore), 97, 10.1097/MD.0000000000010462 Sulyok, 2015, Hepatic steatosis in individuals living with HIV measured by controlled attenuation parameter: a cross-sectional study, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 27, 679, 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000339 Lai, 2017, Cocaine use may modify HIV/ART-associated myocardial steatosis and hepatic steatosis, Drug Alcohol Depend, 177, 84, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.029 McComsey, 2004, Mitochondrial dysfunction: patient monitoring and toxicity management, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 37, S30, 10.1097/01.qai.0000137004.63376.27 Feeney, 2010, Impact of mitochondrial toxicity of HIV-1 antiretroviral drugs on lipodystrophy and metabolic dysregulation, Curr Pharm Des, 16, 3339, 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gain in persons with HIV switched from efavirenz-based to integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimens, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 76, 527, 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001525 Menard, 2017, Dolutegravir and weight gain: an unexpected bothering side effect?, AIDS, 31, 1499, 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001495 Lake, 2020, Risk factors for weight gain following switch to integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy, Clin Infect Dis, 71, e471, 10.1093/cid/ciaa177 Sax, 2020, Weight gain following initiation of antiretroviral therapy: risk factors in randomized comparative clinical trials, Clin Infect Dis, 71, 1379, 10.1093/cid/ciz999 Bourgi, 2020, Weight gain among treatment-naive persons with HIV starting integrase inhibitors compared to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors in a large observational cohort in the United States and Canada, J Int AIDS Soc, 23 Venter, 2019, Dolutegravir plus two different prodrugs of tenofovir to treat HIV, N Engl J Med, 381, 803, 10.1056/NEJMoa1902824 Chalasani, 2018, The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Hepatology, 67, 328, 10.1002/hep.29367 Corey, 2016, Screening for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a cost-effectiveness analysis, Dig Dis Sci, 61, 2108, 10.1007/s10620-016-4044-2 Morse, 2015, Transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis in HIV-monoinfected adults with elevated aminotransferases on antiretroviral therapy, AIDS, 29, 2297, 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000841 Lemoine, 2019, Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive markers of steatosis, NASH, and liver fibrosis in HIV-monoinfected individuals at risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): results from the ECHAM study, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 80, e86, 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001936 Benmassaoud, 2018, Screening for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by using cytokeratin 18 and transient elastography in HIV mono-infection, PLoS One, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0191985 Vilar-Gomez, 2015, Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Gastroenterology, 149, 367, 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005 O'Brien, 2017, Effectiveness of progressive resistive exercise (PRE) in the context of HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration protocol, BMC Infect Dis, 17, 268, 10.1186/s12879-017-2342-8 O'Brien, 2016, Effectiveness of aerobic exercise for adults living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration protocol, BMC Infect Dis, 16, 182, 10.1186/s12879-016-1478-2 Bloch, 2018, Frailty in people living with HIV, AIDS Res Ther, 15, 19, 10.1186/s12981-018-0210-2 Echeverria, 2018, High prevalence of sarcopenia in HIV-infected individuals, Biomed Res Int, 2018, 5074923, 10.1155/2018/5074923 Macias, 2017, Changes in liver steatosis after switching from efavirenz to raltegravir among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Clin Infect Dis, 65, 1012, 10.1093/cid/cix467 Falutz, 2010, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 95, 4291, 10.1210/jc.2010-0490 Stanley, 2014, Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA, 312, 380, 10.1001/jama.2014.8334 Stanley, 2019, Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial, Lancet HIV, 6, e821, 10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30338-8 Sanyal, 2010, Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, N Engl J Med, 362, 1675, 10.1056/NEJMoa0907929 Cusi, 2016, Long-term pioglitazone treatment for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial, Ann Intern Med, 165, 305, 10.7326/M15-1774 Corey, 2016, Medical and surgical treatment options for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Dig Dis Sci, 61, 1387, 10.1007/s10620-016-4083-8 Matthews, 2015, Pioglitazone for hepatic steatosis in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection, AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 31, 961, 10.1089/aid.2015.0093 Thompson, 2014, Improvements in APRI and FIB-4 fibrosis scores correlate with decreases in sCD14 in HIV-1 infected adults receiving cenicriviroc over 48 weeks, Hepatology, 60, 424a Friedman, 2018, A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of cenicriviroc for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis, Hepatology, 67, 1754, 10.1002/hep.29477 Safadi, 2014, The fatty acid-bile acid conjugate aramchol reduces liver fat content in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 12, 2085, 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.04.038 Ajmera, 2019, Novel MRI assessment of treatment response in HIV-associated NAFLD: a randomized trial of an SCD1 inhibitor (ARRIVE trial), Hepatology, 70, 1531, 10.1002/hep.30674 Armstrong, 2016, Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study, Lancet, 387, 679, 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00803-X Ratziu, 2016, Elafibranor, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and -delta, induces resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis without fibrosis worsening, Gastroenterology, 150, 1147, 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.01.038 Younossi, 2018, Current and future therapeutic regimens for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Hepatology, 68, 361, 10.1002/hep.29724 Castera, 2019, Noninvasive assessment of liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Gastroenterology, 156, 1264, 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.036