Establishing effective patient navigation programs in oncology

O’Keefe EB, Meltzer JP, Bethea TN (2015) Health disparities and cancer: racial disparities in cancer mortality in the United States, 2000–2010. Front Public Health 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2015.00051 Freeman HP, Rodriguez RL (2011) History and principles of patient navigation. Cancer. 117(S15):3537–3540. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.26262 Freeman HP (2006) Patient navigation: a community based strategy to reduce cancer disparities. J Urban Health 83(2):139–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-006-9030-0 Wells KJ, Battaglia TA, Dudley DJ, Garcia R, Greene A, Calhoun E, Mandelblatt JS, Paskett ED, Raich PC, the Patient Navigation Research Program (2008) Patient navigation: state of the art or is it science? Cancer. 113(8):1999–2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23815 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2018) Establishing effective patient navigation programs in oncology: proceedings of a workshop. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/25073 Mokdad AH, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Fitzmaurice C, Stubbs RW, Bertozzi-Villa A, Morozoff C, Charara R, Allen C, Naghavi M, Murray CJL (2017) Trends and patterns of disparities in cancer mortality among US counties, 1980-2014. JAMA. 317(4):388–406. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.20324 Neal CD, Weaver DT, Raphel TJ, Lietz AP, Flores EJ, Percac-Lima S, Knudsen AB, Pandharipande PV (2018) Patient navigation to improve cancer screening in underserved populations: reported experiences, opportunities, and challenges. J Am Coll Radiol 15:1565–1572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2018.03.001 Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2016) Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin 66(1):7–30. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21332 Freeman HP (2004) Poverty, culture, and social injustice: determinants of cancer disparities. CA Cancer J Clin 54(2):72–77. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.54.2.72 Oluwole SF, Ali AO, Adu A, Blane BP, Barlow B, Oropeza R, Freeman HP (2003) Impact of a cancer screening program on breast cancer stage at diagnosis in a medically underserved urban community. J Am Coll Surg 196(2):180–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1072-7515(02)01765-9 Susan G. Komen® launches national patient navigation program to improve breast cancer outcomes for underserved women and men | Susan G. Komen®. http://ww5.komen.org/News/Susan-G%2D%2DKomen®-Launches-National-Patient-Navigation-Program-To-Improve-Breast-Cancer-Outcomes-For-Underserved-Women-And-Men.html. Accessed 3 June 2018 Stanley S, Arriola KJ, Smith S, Hurlbert M, Ricci C, Escoffery C (2013) Reducing barriers to breast cancer care through Avon patient navigation programs. J Public Health Manag Pract 19(5):461–467. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0b013e318276e272 Patient navigators help cancer patients manage care. https://www.cancer.org/latest-news/navigators-help-cancer-patients-manage-their-care.html. Accessed 17 Apr 2018 45 CFR 155.210—navigator program standards. LII / Legal Information Institute. https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/45/155.210. Accessed 8 Oct 2018 Cancer Program Standards (2016 edn). American College of Surgeons. https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/cancer/coc/standards. Accessed 7 Mar 2018 (2017) Implementing the Commission on Cancer Standard 3.1 Patient Navigation Process. https://cancercenter.gwu.edu/sites/default/files/coc_navigation_standard_road_map.pdf. Accessed 11 May 2018 Freund KM, Battaglia TA, Calhoun E, Dudley DJ, Fiscella K, Paskett E, Raich PC, Roetzheim RG, The Patient Navigation Research Program Group (2008) National Cancer Institute Patient Navigation Research Program. Cancer. 113(12):3391–3399. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23960 DeGroff A, Schroy PC, Morrissey KG et al (2017) Patient navigation for colonoscopy completion: results of an RCT. Am J Prev Med 53(3):363–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.05.010 Rohan EA, Slotman B, DeGroff A, Morrissey KG, Murillo J, Schroy P (2016) Refining the patient navigation role in a colorectal cancer screening program: results from an intervention study. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 14(11):1371–1378 Reprinted with permission. Willis A, Reed E, Pratt-Chapman ML, et al (2013) Development of a framework for patient navigation: delineating roles across navigator types. J Oncol Navig Surviv 4:22–24. ©2013 Green Hill Healthcare Communications, LLC Ali-Faisal SF, Colella TJF, Medina-Jaudes N, Scott LB (2017) The effectiveness of patient navigation to improve healthcare utilization outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Patient Educ Couns 100(3):436–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.10.014 Castaldi M, Safadjou S, Elrafei T, McNelis J (2017) A multidisciplinary patient navigation program improves compliance with adjuvant breast cancer therapy in a public hospital. Am J Med Qual 32(4):406–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1062860616656250 Raich PC, Whitley EM, Thorland W, Valverde P, Fairclough D (2012) Patient navigation improves cancer diagnostic resolution: an individually randomized clinical trial in an underserved population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 21(10):1629–1638. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0513 Jean-Pierre P, Cheng Y, Wells KJ, Freund KM, Snyder FR, Fiscella K, Holden AE, Paskett ED, Dudley DJ, Simon MA, Valverde PA, for the Patient Navigation Research Program (2016) Satisfaction with cancer care among underserved racial-ethnic minorities and lower-income patients receiving patient navigation. Cancer. 122(7):1060–1067. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29902 Paskett ED, Harrop JP, Wells KJ (2011) Patient navigation: an update on the state of the science. CA Cancer J Clin 61(4):237–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20111 Freund KM, Battaglia TA, Calhoun E, Darnell JS, Dudley DJ, Fiscella K, Hare ML, LaVerda N, Lee JH, Levine P, Murray DM, Patierno SR, Raich PC, Roetzheim RG, Simon M, Snyder FR, Warren-Mears V, Whitley EM, Winters P, Young GS, Paskett ED (2014) Impact of patient navigation on timely cancer care: the patient navigation research program. J Natl Cancer Inst 106(6). https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dju115 Percac-Lima S, Ashburner JM, Zai AH, Chang Y, Oo SA, Guimaraes E, Atlas SJ (2016) Patient navigation for comprehensive cancer screening in high-risk patients using a population-based health information technology system: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 176(7):930–937. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.0841 Ko N, Snyder F, Raich PC, Paskett ED, Dudley D, Lee JH, Levine PH, Freund KM (2015) The impact of patient navigation on racial and ethnic disparities: results from the patient navigation research program. J Clin Oncol 33(15_suppl):6510–6510. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.6510 Ferrante JM, Chen P-H, Kim S (2008) The effect of patient navigation on time to diagnosis, anxiety, and satisfaction in urban minority women with abnormal mammograms: a randomized controlled trial. J Urban Health 85(1):114–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-007-9228-9 Gabitova G, Burke NJ (2014) Improving healthcare empowerment through breast cancer patient navigation: a mixed methods evaluation in a safety-net setting. BMC Health Serv Res 14:407. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-407 Phillips CE, Rothstein JD, Beaver K, Sherman BJ, Freund KM, Battaglia TA (2011) Patient navigation to increase mammography screening among inner city women. J Gen Intern Med 26(2):123–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-010-1527-2 Raj A, Ko N, Battaglia TA, Chabner BA, Moy B (2012) Patient navigation for underserved patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Oncologist 17(8):1027–1031. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0191 Marshall JK, Mbah OM, Ford JG, Phelan-Emrick D, Ahmed S, Bone L, Wenzel J, Shapiro GR, Howerton M, Johnson L, Brown Q, Ewing A, Pollack CE (2016) Effect of patient navigation on breast Cancer screening among African American Medicare beneficiaries: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med 31(1):68–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-015-3484-2 Baik SH, Gallo LC, Wells KJ (2016) Patient navigation in breast cancer treatment and survivorship: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol 34(30):3686–3696. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.67.5454 Psooy BJ, Schreuer D, Borgaonkar J, Caines JS (2004) Patient navigation: improving timeliness in the diagnosis of breast abnormalities. Can Assoc Radiol J 55(3):145–150 Hoffman HJ, LaVerda NL, Young HA et al (2012) Patient navigation significantly reduces delays in breast cancer diagnosis in the District of Columbia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 21(10):1655–1663. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0479 Donaldson EA, Holtgrave DR, Duffin RA, Feltner F, Funderburk W, Freeman HP (2012) Patient navigation for breast and colorectal cancer in 3 community hospital settings. Cancer. 118(19):4851–4859. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.27487 Lee J-H, Fulp W, Wells KJ, Meade CD, Calcano E, Roetzheim R (2013) Patient navigation and time to diagnostic resolution: results for a cluster randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of patient navigation among patients with breast cancer screening abnormalities, Tampa, FL. PLoS One 8(9):e74542. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074542 Wells KJ, Lee J-H, Calcano ER, Meade CD, Rivera M, Fulp WJ, Roetzheim RG (2012) A cluster randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of patient navigation in improving quality of diagnostic care for patients with breast or colorectal cancer abnormalities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 21(10):1664–1672. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0448 Ell K, Vourlekis B, Lee P-J, Xie B (2007) Patient navigation and case management following an abnormal mammogram: a randomized clinical trial. Prev Med 44(1):26–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.08.001 Gabram SGA, Lund MJB, Gardner J, Hatchett N, Bumpers HL, Okoli J, Rizzo M, Johnson BJ, Kirkpatrick GB, Brawley OW (2008) Effects of an outreach and internal navigation program on breast cancer diagnosis in an urban cancer center with a large African-American population. Cancer. 113(3):602–607. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23568 Ko NY, Darnell JS, Calhoun E, Freund KM, Wells KJ, Shapiro CL, Dudley DJ, Patierno SR, Fiscella K, Raich P, Battaglia TA (2014) Can patient navigation improve receipt of recommended breast cancer care? Evidence from the National Patient Navigation Research Program. J Clin Oncol 32(25):2758–2764. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.53.6037 Guadagnolo BA, Boylan A, Sargent M, Koop D, Brunette D, Kanekar S, Shortbull V, Molloy K, Petereit DG (2011) Patient navigation for American Indians undergoing cancer treatment. Cancer. 117(12):2754–2761. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25823 Percac-Lima S, Milosavljevic B, Oo SA, Marable D, Bond B (2012) Patient navigation to improve breast cancer screening in Bosnian refugees and immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health 14(4):727–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-011-9539-5 Jandorf L, Gutierrez Y, Lopez J, Christie J, Itzkowitz SH (2005) Use of a patient navigator to increase colorectal cancer screening in an urban neighborhood health clinic. J Urban Health 82(2):216–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jti046 Honeycutt S, Green R, Ballard D, Hermstad A, Brueder A, Haardörfer R, Yam J, Arriola KJ (2013) Evaluation of a patient navigation program to promote colorectal cancer screening in rural Georgia, USA. Cancer. 119(16):3059–3066. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28033 Lasser KE, Murillo J, Lisboa S, Casimir AN, Valley-Shah L, Emmons KM, Fletcher RH, Ayanian JZ (2011) Colorectal Cancer screening among ethnically diverse, low-income patients: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 171(10):906–912. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2011.201 Percac-Lima S, Grant RW, Green AR, Ashburner JM, Gamba G, Oo S, Richter JM, Atlas SJ (2009) A culturally tailored navigator program for colorectal cancer screening in a community health center: a randomized, controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med 24(2):211–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0864-x Naylor K, Ward J, Polite BN (2012) Interventions to improve care related to colorectal cancer among racial and ethnic minorities: a systematic review. J Gen Intern Med 27(8):1033–1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-012-2044-2 Horne HN, Phelan-Emrick DF, Pollack CE, Markakis D, Wenzel J, Ahmed S, Garza MA, Shapiro GR, Bone LR, Johnson LB, Ford JG (2015) Effect of patient navigation on colorectal cancer screening in a community-based randomized controlled trial of urban African American adults. Cancer Causes Control 26(2):239–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0505-0 Jandorf L, Braschi C, Ernstoff E, Wong CR, Thelemaque L, Winkel G, Thompson HS, Redd WH, Itzkowitz SH (2013) Culturally targeted patient navigation for increasing African Americans’ adherence to screening colonoscopy: a randomized clinical trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 22(9):1577–1587. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1275 Percac-Lima S, López L, Ashburner JM, Green AR, Atlas SJ (2014) The longitudinal impact of patient navigation on equity in colorectal cancer screening in a large primary care network. Cancer. 120(13):2025–2031. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28682 Gervès-Pinquié C, Girault A, Phillips S, Raskin S, Pratt-Chapman M (2018) Economic evaluation of patient navigation programs in colorectal cancer care, a systematic review. Health Econ Rev 8:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-018-0196-4 Evidence summary: lung cancer: screening—US Preventive Services Task Force. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/SupportingDoc/lung-cancer-screening/evidence-summary4. Accessed 3 June 2018 Percac-Lima S, Ashburner JM, Rigotti N, Park ER, Chang Y, Atlas SJ (2017) Lung cancer screening patient navigation for current smokers in community health centers: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 35(15_suppl):1506–1506. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.1506 Rocque GB, Pisu M, Jackson BE, Kvale EA, Demark-Wahnefried W, Martin MY, Meneses K, Li Y, Taylor RA, Acemgil A, Williams CP, Lisovicz N, Fouad M, Kenzik KM, Partridge EE, for the Patient Care Connect Group (2017) Resource use and Medicare costs during lay navigation for geriatric patients with cancer. JAMA Oncol 3(6):817–825. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.6307 Kline RM, Bazell C, Smith E, Schumacher H, Rajkumar R, Conway PH (2015) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services: using an episode-based payment model to improve oncology care. J Oncol Pract. 11(2):114–116. https://doi.org/10.1200/JOP.2014.002337 Medicare reimbursement. https://www.socialworkers.org/Advocacy/Policy-Issues/Medicare-Reimbursement. Accessed 3 June 2018 Cox K, Mortimer L, Schumacher H, York A, Muldoon D (2015) Oncology care model frequently asked questions and application overview webinar. https://innovation.cms.gov/Files/transcripts/OCM-FAQ-App-trans.pdf. Accessed 3 June 2018 Levit L, Balogh E, Nass S (2013) Delivering high quality cancer care: charing a new course for a system in Crisis. Ganz P, ed Kline RM, Muldoon LD, Schumacher HK, Strawbridge LM, York AW, Mortimer LK, Falb AF, Cox KJ, Bazell C, Lukens EW, Kapp MC, Rajkumar R, Bassano A, Conway PH (2017) Design challenges of an episode-based payment model in oncology: the centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Oncology Care Model. J Oncol Pract 13(7):e632–e645. https://doi.org/10.1200/JOP.2016.015834 Altman SH (2012) The lessons of Medicare’s prospective payment system show that the bundled payment program faces challenges. Health Aff (Millwood) 31(9):1923–1930. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0323 Beyond utilization: reimagining providers as consumers to promote hospital price competition. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20180515.520870/full/?utm_term=Beyond%20Utilization%3A%20Reimagining%20Providers%20As%20Consumers%20To%20Promote%20Hospital%20Price%20Competition&utm_campaign=Health%20Affairs%20Sunday%20Update&utm_content=email&utm_source=2018-05-06&utm_medium=email&cm_mmc=Act-On%20Software-_-email-_-Prescription%20Drug%20Pricing%3B%20Lack%20Of%20Diversity%20In%20Genomic%20Databases%3B%20Hospital%20Price%20Competition-_-Beyond%20Utilization%3A%20Reimagining%20Providers%20As%20Consumers%20To%20Promote%20Hospital%20Price%20Competition. Accessed 3 June 2018 Schroeder SA, Frist W (2013) Phasing out fee-for-service payment. N Engl J Med 368(21):2029–2032. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb1302322 Sprandio JD (2012) Oncology patient–centered medical home. J Oncol Pract. 8(3S):47s–49s. https://doi.org/10.1200/JOP.2012.000590 Press MJ, Rajkumar R, Conway PH (2016) Medicare’s new bundled payments: design, strategy, and evolution. JAMA. 315(2):131–132. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.18161 McClellan M, McKethan AN, Lewis JL, Roski J, Fisher ES (2010) A national strategy to put accountable care into practice. Health Aff (Millwood). 29(5):982–990. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0194 Medicare coverage determination process (2018) https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coverage/DeterminationProcess/. Accessed 8 Jul 2018 2019 Medicare Advantage and part D rate announcement and call letter. https://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Fact-sheets/2018-Fact-sheets-items/2018-04-02-2.html. Accessed 8 July 2018 Pratt-Chapman ML, Willis A, Masselink L (2015) Core competencies for oncology patient navigators. J Oncol Navig Surviv 6(2):16–21 http://www.jons-online.com/issue-archive/2015-issues/april-2015-vol-6-no-2/core-competencies-for-oncology-patient-navigators/. Accessed 7 Mar 2018 Core competencies. ONS. https://www.ons.org/practice-resources/competencies. Published February 24, 2015. Accessed 6 Mar 2018 Pratt-Chapman ML, Burhansstipanov L (2018) Navigation training, tools and resources. In: Shockney L (ed) Team-based oncology care. Springer International, New York Hatzenbuehler ML, Phelan JC, Link BG (2013) Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities. Am J Public Health 103(5):813–821. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301069 Liu C, Mason R, Roubal AM, Ojo E, Calhoun EA, Patierno SR (2018) Consensus support for the role of patient navigation in the nation’s healthcare system. In: Patient navigation. Springer, New York, pp 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6979-1_7 Paskett ED, Krok-Schoen JL, Gray DM (2017) Patient navigation—an effective strategy to reduce health care costs and improve health outcomes. JAMA Oncol. 3(6):825–826. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.6107