Adolescents' E-Cigarette Use: Increases in Frequency, Dependence, and Nicotine Exposure Over 12 Months

2018 Cullen, 2018 2012 Barrington-Trimis, 2018, E-cigarette use and subsequent smoking frequency among adolescents, Pediatrics, 142, e20180486, 10.1542/peds.2018-0486 Lanza, 2015, New methods shed light on age of onset as a risk factor for nicotine dependence, Addict Behav, 50, 161, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.024 Bitzer, 2018, Effect of flavoring chemicals on free radical formation in electronic cigarette aerosols, Free Radic Biol Med, 120, 72, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.020 Lisko, 2015, Chemical composition and evaluation of nicotine, tobacco alkaloids, pH and selected flavors in e-cigarette cartridges and refill solutions, Nicotine Tob Res, 17, 1270, 10.1093/ntr/ntu279 Behar, 2016, Distribution, quantification and toxicity of cinnemaldehyde in electronic cigarette refill fluids and aerosols, Tob Control, 25, ii94, 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053224 Khlystov, 2016, Flavoring compounds dominate toxic aldehyde production during e-cigarette vaping, Environ Sci Technol, 50, 13080, 10.1021/acs.est.6b05145 Kosmider, 2016, Cherry-flavoured electronic cigarettes expose users to the inhalation irritant, benzaldehyde, Thorax, 71, 376, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207895 LeBouf, 2018, Headspace analysis for screening of volatile organic compound profiles of electronic juice bulk material, Anal Bioanal Chem, 410, 5951, 10.1007/s00216-018-1215-3 Lim, 2017, Determination of volatile organic compounds including alcohols in refill fluids and cartridges of electronic cigarettes by headspace solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Anal Bioanal Chem, 409, 1247, 10.1007/s00216-016-0049-0 Qu, 2018, The effect of flavor content in e-liquids on e-cigarette emissions of carbonyl compounds, Environ Res, 166, 324, 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.013 Rubinstein, 2018, Adolescent exposure to toxic volatile organic chemicals from E-cigarettes, Pediatrics, 14, e20173557, 10.1542/peds.2017-3557 Park, 2017, Factors associated with electronic cigarette use among current cigarette-smoking adolescents in the Republic of Korea, Addict Behav, 69, 22, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.002 Brikmanis, 2017, E-cigarette use, perceptions, and cigarette smoking intentions in a community sample of young adult non-daily cigarette smokers, Psychol Addict Behav, 31, 336, 10.1037/adb0000257 Huang, 2016, Electronic cigarette use among high school students and its association with cigarette use and smoking cessation, North Carolina Youth Tobacco Surveys, 2011 and 2013, Prev Chronic Dis, 13, 150564, 10.5888/pcd13.150564 Yingst, 2015, Factors associated with electronic cigarette users' device preferences and transition from first generation to advanced generation devices, Nicotine Tob Res, 17, 1242, 10.1093/ntr/ntv052 Bold, 2016, Reasons for trying e-cigarettes and risk of continued use, Pediatrics, 138, e20160895, 10.1542/peds.2016-0895 Kong, 2015, Reasons for electronic cigarette experimentation and discontinuation among adolescents and young adults, Nicotine Tob Res, 17, 847, 10.1093/ntr/ntu257 Patrick, 2016, Self-reported reasons for vaping among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in the US: Nationally-representative results, Drug Alcohol Depend, 165, 275, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.017 Tsai, 2018, Reasons for electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students– National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2016, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 67, 196, 10.15585/mmwr.mm6706a5 Foulds, 2015, Development of a questionnaire for assessing dependence on electronic cigarettes among a large sample of ex-smoking e-cigarette users, Nicotine Tob Res, 17, 186, 10.1093/ntr/ntu204 Vogel EA, Prochaska JJ, Rubinstein ML. Measuring e-cigarette addiction among adolescents. Tob Control, in press. Jacob, 2011, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 879, 267, 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.12.012 Vogel, 2018, Prevalence and correlates of adolescents' e-cigarette use frequency and dependence, Drug Alcohol Depend, 188, 109, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.051 Hartwell, 2017, E-cigarettes and equity: A systematic review of differences in awareness and use between sociodemographic groups, Tob Control, 26, e85, 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053222 Durmowicz, 2014, The impact of electronic cigarettes on the paediatric population, Tob Control, 23, ii41, 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051468 Schneider, 2016, Vaping as a catalyst for smoking? An initial model on the initiation of electronic cigarette use and the transition to tobacco smoking among adolescents, Nicotine Tob Res, 18, 647, 10.1093/ntr/ntv193 Conklin, 2006, Environments as cues to smoke: Implications for human extinction-based research and treatment, Exp Clin Psychopharmacol, 14, 12, 10.1037/1064-1297.14.1.12 Pepper, 2016, Adolescents' interest in trying flavoured e-cigarettes, Tob Control, 25, ii62, 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053174 Shang, 2017, The impact of flavour, device type, and warning messages on youth preferences for electronic nicotine delivery systems: Evidence from an online discrete choice experiment, Tob Control, 0, 1 Vasiljevic, 2016, Impact of advertisements promoting candy-like flavoured e-cigarettes on appeal of tobacco smoking among children: An experimental study, Tob Control, 25, e107, 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052593