Biogeographical distribution and diversity of microbes in methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments on the Pacific Ocean Margin

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - Tập 103 Số 8 - Trang 2815-2820 - 2006
Fumio Inagaki1,2, Takuro Nunoura1, Satoshi Nakagawa1, Andreas Teske3, Mark A. Lever3, Antje Lauer3, Motoo Suzuki1, Ken Takai1, Mark E. Delwiche4, Frederick S. Colwell4, Kenneth H. Nealson5, Koki Horikoshi1, Steven D’Hondt6, Bo Barker Jørgensen2
1*Subground Animalcule Retrieval Project, Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan;
2Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
3Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
4Biological Sciences, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2203;
5Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740
6**Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197; and

Tóm tắt

The deep subseafloor biosphere is among the least-understood habitats on Earth, even though the huge microbial biomass therein plays an important role for potential long-term controls on global biogeochemical cycles. We report here the vertical and geographical distribution of microbes and their phylogenetic diversities in deeply buried marine sediments of the Pacific Ocean Margins. During the Ocean Drilling Program Legs 201 and 204, we obtained sediment cores from the Peru and Cascadia Margins that varied with respect to the presence of dissolved methane and methane hydrate. To examine differences in prokaryotic distribution patterns in sediments with or without methane hydrates, we studied >2,800 clones possessing partial sequences (400–500 bp) of the 16S rRNA gene and 348 representative clone sequences (≈1 kbp) from the two geographically separated subseafloor environments. Archaea of the uncultivated Deep-Sea Archaeal Group were consistently the dominant phylotype in sediments associated with methane hydrate. Sediment cores lacking methane hydrates displayed few or no Deep-Sea Archaeal Group phylotypes. Bacterial communities in the methane hydrate-bearing sediments were dominated by members of the JS1 group, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi. Results from cluster and principal component analyses, which include previously reported data from the West and East Pacific Margins, suggest that, for these locations in the Pacific Ocean, prokaryotic communities from methane hydrate-bearing sediment cores are distinct from those in hydrate-free cores. The recognition of which microbial groups prevail under distinctive subseafloor environments is a significant step toward determining the role these communities play in Earth’s essential biogeochemical processes.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Tập 103 Số 8

2815-2820

Thông tin tác giả