Connectivity and the Governance of Multilevel Social-Ecological Systems: The Role of Social Capital

Annual Review of Environment and Resources - Tập 34 Số 1 - Trang 253-278 - 2009
Eduardo S. Brondízio1, Элинор Остром2, Oran R. Young3
1Department of Anthropology, Anthropological Center for Training and Research on Global Environmental Change (ACT), Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405;
2Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, CIPEC, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405;
3Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106;

Tóm tắt

We discuss the challenges confronting environmental governance caused by the increasing connectivity of resource-use systems and the growing functional interdependencies of ecological and social systems. We take as a point of departure the case of the Xingu Indigenous Park (PIX) in Brazil and its surrounding agro-industrial region. This case provides a basis for reviewing the literature on resource governance, including both points of consensus and contentious issues. We argue that no fixed spatial or temporal level is appropriate for governing ecosystems and their services sustainably, effectively, and equitably. We point to the need to recognize the multilevel nature of such problems and the role of institutions in facilitating cross-level environmental governance as an important form of social capital that is essential for the long-term protection of ecosystems and the well-being of different populations.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Castiglione D, 2008, The Handbook of Social Capital

10.5751/ES-01519-110127

10.7551/mitpress/6140.001.0001

10.7551/mitpress/5286.001.0001

10.5751/ES-01759-110208

10.1126/science.1091015

10.1017/CBO9780511807763

8. Niamir-Fuller M. 1998. The resilience of pastoral herding in Sahelian Africa. See Ref. 144, pp. 250–84

10.1023/A:1007199304395

10.1146/annurev.energy.31.042605.135621

10.5751/ES-01431-110145

Keohane RO, 1995, Local Commons and Global Interdependence

10.7551/mitpress/3807.001.0001

10.4337/9781845425555.00020

10.5751/ES-01465-100209

10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123238

10.1073/pnas.0702098104

10.1073/pnas.0702288104

10.1177/0951692894006004002

10.1023/B:INEA.0000005802.86439.39

21. Instituto Socioambiental. 2003.O Xingu na mira da soja,http://www.socioambiental.org/esp/soja/1.shtm

22. Y Ikatu Xingu. 2007.Y Ikatu Xingu: a campaign of shared socio-environmental responsibility to protect the sources of the xingu(May issue).http://www.yikatuxingu.org.br/revista/revista-ingles.pdf

Villas-Bôas A, 2000, Diagnóstico Socioambiental da Região dos Formadores do Xingu

Brondizio ES, 2006, Time and Complexity in Historical Ecology, 365, 10.7312/bale13562-015

Sanches RA, 2005, Revista Brasileira Administração Pública, 39, 365

26. Young OR. 2002. Institutional interplay. See Ref. 80, pp. 263–91

10.1146/annurev.anthro.25.1.179

10.1098/rstb.2007.0025

10.1073/pnas.1231333100

Millenn. Ecosyst. Assess, 2005, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis

Ostrom E, 1993, Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development

10.2307/485256

10.1126/science.1090847

10.1111/j.1944-8287.2003.tb00220.x

10.1017/CBO9780511812507

Bourdieu P, 1986, Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, 241

Loury GC, 1977, Women, Minorities, and Employment Discrimination, 153

10.1086/228943

Putnam RD, 1993, Am. Prospect, 13, 35

10.1353/jod.1995.0002

Putnam RD, 1993, Making Democracy Work

10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1

Arrow K, 1999, Social Capital, 3

10.4324/9780203470787

Ostrom E, 2003, Foundations of Social Capital

10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00210-4

Lachmann LM, 1978, Capital and Its Structure

10.1086/258724

Becker GS, 1964, Human Capital

Helliwell JF, 2001, The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-Being

Schultz TW, 1981, Investing in People: The Economics of Population Quality, 10.1525/9780520318540

Coleman JS, 1987, Economic Imperialism, 133

10.2307/2585925

10.2307/201913

Lam WF, 1998, Governing Irrigation Systems in Nepal: Institutions, Infrastructure, and Collective Action

Shivakoti GP, 2005, Asian Irrigation in Transition: Responding to Challenges

10.2307/2111684

Oakerson R, 1993, Rethinking Institutional Analysis and Development: Issues, Alternatives, and Choices, 141

Richerson PJ, 2003, Genetic and Cultural Evolution of Cooperation, 19, 373

Evans P, 1997, State-Society Synergy: Government and Social Capital in Development

10.1007/978-1-4020-6977-2

Yoder R, 1994, Locally Managed Irrigation Systems

10.1017/CBO9780511808678

10.1525/aa.1990.92.3.02a00120

64. Brondizio ES. 2008. The Amazonian caboclo and the Açaí Palm: forest farmers in the global market. New York: N.Y. Bot. Gard.

Bhattacharya DK, 2005, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Policy Responses, 3, 401

10.1016/S0167-2681(02)00035-5

Commons JR, 1968, Legal Foundations of Capitalism

10.1002/ncr.4100860208

10.1023/A:1016677020228

10.1023/A:1020385329491

10.1093/jleo/ewj011

Marshall GR, 2005, Economics for Collaborative Environmental Management: Renegotiating the Commons

10.18352/ijc.50

10.1017/CBO9780511490323

Ensminger J, 2001, Trust in Society, 185

10.18352/ijc.80

10.18352/ijc.28

Baland J-M, 1996, Halting Degradation of Natural Resources: Is There a Role for Rural Communities?

Acheson JM, 2003, Capturing the Commons: Devising Institutions to Manage the Maine Lobster Industry

Ostrom E, 2002, The Drama of the Commons

10.7551/mitpress/1264.001.0001

Miles E, 2002, Environmental Regime Effectiveness

Young OR, 1999, Governance in World Affairs, 10.7591/9781501711404

84. Berkes F. 2002. Cross-scale institutional linkages. See Ref. 80, pp. 293–321

10.1073/pnas.0702096104

10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00092-0

87. Gupta J. 2008. Global change: analyzing scale and scaling in global governance. See Ref. 125, pp. 225–58

10.1126/science.284.5412.278

10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.03.004

Clark WC, 2000, Governance in a Globalizing World, 4, 86

Steffen W, 2004, Global Change and the Earth System

10.1146/annurev.energy.32.051807.090348

Briden JC, 2002, Managing the Earth, 10.1093/oso/9780199252671.001.0001

Schellnhuber J, 2004, Earth System Analysis for Sustainability, 10.7551/mitpress/2548.001.0001

95. Wilson J. 2002. Scientific uncertainty, complex systems, and the design of common-pool institutions. See Ref. 80, pp. 327–59

10.1579/0044-7447-32.5.330

10.1016/j.crte.2004.11.004

10.1007/978-3-540-75941-6

Gunderson LH, 2002, Panarchy

Walker B, 2006, Resilience Thinking

Walker B, 2006, Exploring Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems: Comparative Studies and Theory Development

10.1126/science.1144004

10.1080/08941920590959631

10.5751/ES-02587-130220

McCay B, 1998, Oyster Wars and the Public Trust: Property, Law and Ecology in New Jersey History, 10.2307/j.ctv1prss4r

10.1126/science.1122804

Olson M, 2000, Power and Prosperity

Arctic Clim. Impact Assess. (ACIA), 2004, Impacts of a Warming Arctic

10.7551/mitpress/2297.001.0001

Webb EL, 2008, Decentralization, Forests and Rural Communities: Policy Outcome in South and Southeast Asia

Young OR, 2005, Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Science Plan, 2

10.7551/mitpress/3808.001.0001

Prud'homme R, 1994, On the dangers of decentralization

Ribot JC, 2002, Democratic Decentralization of Natural Resources

Wunsch JS, 1995, The Failure of the Centralized State: Institutions and Self-Governance in Africa

10.1073/pnas.0702296104

116. Schlager E, Heikkila T. 2007.Strengthening cross-state linkages to improve watershed governance. Presented at Am. Polit. Sci. Assoc. Annu. Meet., Chicago, Aug. 30–Sept. 2

10.1007/978-3-642-60507-9

Schreurs M, 2002, Environmental Politics in Japan, Germany and the United States

10.1590/S1414-753X2006000100002

10.1177/1070496502250435

10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.07.007

10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123143

10.1177/0032329201029004002

124. Agrawal A, Ostrom E. 2008. Decentralization and community-based forestry: learning from experience. See Ref. 109, pp. 44–67

10.7551/mitpress/9780262240574.001.0001

Karlsson S, 2000, Multilayered governance: pesticides in the South

Folke C, 2003, Navigating Social-Ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change, 352

Ostrom E, 2005, Understanding Institutional Diversity

Costanza R, 2001, Institutions, Ecosystems, and Sustainability

10.3998/mpub.16061

10.3998/mpub.16052

10.17730/humo.62.2.9bkh58xeekj6bg0m

10.1073/pnas.0702319104

Norse E, 2005, Conservation Biology: The Success of Maintaining the Sea's Biodiversity

10.3200/ENVT.49.4.20-33

10.1080/00139157.2005.10721882

Singleton S, 1998, Constructing Cooperation: The Evolution of Institutions of Comanagement

Netting RMcC, 1981, Balancing on an Alp: Ecological Change and Continuity in a Swiss Mountain Community

10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.07.013

10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.03.002

141. Alcorn JB, Toledo VM. 1998. Resilient resource management in Mexico's forest ecosystems. See Ref. 144, pp. 216–49

Moran E, 2006, People and Nature

10.5751/ES-00610-090118

Berkes F, 1998, Linking Social and Ecological Systems