Consenso para el manejo de pacientes con EPOC según el índice CODEX

Murray, 2015, Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: Quantifying the epidemiological transition, Lancet., 386, 2145, 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X Almagro, 2014, Finding the best thresholds of FEV1 and dyspnea to predict 5-year survival in COPD patients: The COCOMICS study, PLOS ONE., 9, e89866, 10.1371/journal.pone.0089866 Soler-Cataluna, 2005, Severe acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Thorax., 60, 925, 10.1136/thx.2005.040527 Almagro, 2012, Comorbidities and short-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD: The EPOC en Servicios de medicina interna (ESMI) study, Chest., 142, 1126, 10.1378/chest.11-2413 Marin, 2013, Multicomponent índices to predict survival in COPD: The COCOMICS study, Eur Respir J., 42, 323, 10.1183/09031936.00121012 Almagro, 2014, Short- and medium-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation: The CODEX index, Chest., 145, 972, 10.1378/chest.13-1328 Garcia-Vidal, 2009, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients hospitalised for COPD exacerbation: A prospective study, Eur Respir J., 34, 1072, 10.1183/09031936.00003309 Almagro, 2002, Mortality after hospitalization for COPD, Chest., 121, 1441, 10.1378/chest.121.5.1441 Sanjaume, 2009, [Post-hospital mortality in patients re-admitted due to COPD. Utility of BODE index], Rev Clin Esp., 209, 364, 10.1016/S0014-2565(09)72339-2 Navarro, 2015, Prognostic assessment of mortality and hospitalizations of outpatients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Usefulness of the CODEX index, Rev Clin Esp., 215, 431, 10.1016/j.rce.2015.06.004 Echevarria, 2017, The PEARL score predicts 90-day readmission or death after hospitalisation for acute exacerbation of COPD, Thorax., 72, 686, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209298 Golpe, 2018, Octogenarian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Characteristics and usefulness of prognostic indexes, Med Clin (Barc)., 151, 53, 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.09.011 Almagro, 2019, External validation and recalibration of the CODEX index in COPD patients. A 3CIAplus cohort study, COPD., 14, 1 Almagro, 2010, Recent improvement in long-term survival after a COPD hospitalisation, Thorax., 65, 298, 10.1136/thx.2009.124818 Vanfleteren, 2018, Time for a longer and better life for patients with COPD, Eur Respir J., 51 Lipson, 2018, Once-daily single-inhaler triple versus dual therapy in patients with COPD, N Engl J Med., 378, 1671, 10.1056/NEJMoa1713901 Vestbo, 2018, Inhaled corticosteroid containing combinations and mortality in COPD, Eur Respir J, 52, 10.1183/13993003.01230-2018 Clini, 2013, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is just one component of the complex multimorbidities in patients with COPD, Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 187, 668, 10.1164/rccm.201302-0230ED Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Levels of evidence document. 2011 [consultado Nov 2018]. Disponible en: http://www.cebm.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-2.1.pdf Grupo de Trabajo de GesEPOC. Guía de Práctica Clínica para el Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) - Guía Española de la EPOC (GesEPOC). Versión 2017. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53(Extraordinario 1):2-64. Vogelmeier, 2017, Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report. GOLD executive summary, Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 195, 557, 10.1164/rccm.201701-0218PP Piepoli, 2016, Eur Heart J., 37, 2315, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 Díez-Manglano, 2014, 1 Hurst, 2010, Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N Engl J Med., 363, 1128, 10.1056/NEJMoa0909883 Chang, 2011, Biochemical markers of cardiac dysfunction predict mortality in acute exacerbations of COPD, Thorax., 66, 764, 10.1136/thx.2010.155333 Almagro, 2018, Consenso de seguimiento y tratamiento para la EPOC según el Índice CODEX, Rev Clin Esp, 218, 3 Almagro, 2012, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mortality after hospital admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Respiration., 84, 36, 10.1159/000331224 Pizarro, 2016, Invasive coronary angiography in patients with acute exacerbated COPD and elevated plasma troponin, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis., 11, 2081, 10.2147/COPD.S110746 Quint, 2013, Effect of beta blockers on mortality after myocardial infarction in adults with COPD: Population based cohort study of UK electronic healthcare records, BMJ., 347, 10.1136/bmj.f6650 Genao, 2015, Early and long-term outcomes of older adults after acute care encounters for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, Ann Am Thorac Soc., 12, 1805, 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201504-250OC Criner, 2015, Prevention of acute exacerbations of COPD: American College of Chest Physicians and Canadian Thoracic Society Guideline, Chest., 147, 894, 10.1378/chest.14-1676 Stockley, 2006, Improved outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with salmeterol compared with placebo/usual therapy: Results of a meta-analysis, Respir Res., 7, 147, 10.1186/1465-9921-7-147 Tashkin, 2008, A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N Engl J Med., 359, 1543, 10.1056/NEJMoa0805800 Papi, 2018, Extrafine inhaled triple therapy versus dual bronchodilator therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRIBUTE): A double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial, Lancet., 391, 1076, 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30206-X Jonkman, 2016, Characteristics of effective self-management interventions in patients with COPD: individual patient data meta-analysis, Eur Respir J., 48, 55, 10.1183/13993003.01860-2015 Demeyer, 2016, The minimal important difference in physical activity in patients with COPD, PLOS ONE., 11, e0154587, 10.1371/journal.pone.0154587 Adams, 2007, Systematic review of the chronic care model in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevention and management, Arch Intern Med., 167, 551, 10.1001/archinte.167.6.551 Jordan, 2015, Supported self-management for patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): An evidence synthesis and economic analysis, Health Technol Assess., 19, 1, 10.3310/hta19360 Lenferink, 2017, Self-management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 8, CD011682 Mullerova, 2013, Cardiovascular comorbidity in COPD: Systematic literature review, Chest., 144, 1163, 10.1378/chest.12-2847 Wang, 2017, Subclinical atherosclerosis risk markers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Respir Med., 123, 18, 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.12.004 Chen, 2015, Risk of cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet Respir Med., 3, 631, 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00241-6 Van den Berg, 2016, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sudden cardiac death: A systematic review, Trends Cardiovasc Med., 26, 606, 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.04.001 Almagro, 2010, [Study of the comorbidities in hospitalized patients due to decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attended in the Internal Medicine Services ECCO Study], Rev Clin Esp., 210, 101, 10.1016/j.rce.2009.12.002 Jimenez-Ruiz, 2001, Smoking characteristics: Differences in attitudes and dependence between healthy smokers and smokers with COPD, Chest., 119, 1365, 10.1378/chest.119.5.1365 Hoogendoorn, 2010, Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in patients with COPD, Thorax., 65, 711, 10.1136/thx.2009.131631 Strassmann, 2009, Smoking cessation interventions in COPD: A network meta-analysis of randomised trials, Eur Respir J., 34, 634, 10.1183/09031936.00167708 Sundblad, 2008, High rate of smoking abstinence in COPD patients: Smoking cessation by hospitalization, Nicotine Tob Res., 10, 883, 10.1080/14622200802023890 Schunemann, 2006, An official ATS statement: Grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations in ATS guidelines and recommendations, Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 174, 605, 10.1164/rccm.200602-197ST Shahab, 2006, Prevalence, diagnosis and relation to tobacco dependence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a nationally representative population sample, Thorax., 61, 1043, 10.1136/thx.2006.064410 Soler-Cataluña, 2015