Drying shrinkage in alkali-activated binders – A critical review

Muhammad, 2013, Performance of hydrocarbon particles on the drying shrinkage of cement mortar, Constr. Build. Mater., 48, 868, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.011 Bissonnette, 1999, Influence of key parameters on drying shrinkage of cementitious materials, Cem. Concr. Res., 29, 1655, 10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00156-8 Akkaya, 2007, Effect of supplementary cementitious materials on shrinkage and crack development in concrete, Cem. Concert Compos., 29, 117, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.10.003 Rao, 2001, Long-term drying shrinkage of mortar – Influence of silica fume and size of fine aggregate, Cem. Concr. Res., 31, 171, 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00347-1 Holt, 2004, Cracking risks associated with early shrinkage, Cem. Concr. Res., 26, 521, 10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00068-4 Neville, 1994, Wither expansive cement?, Concr. Inst., 16, 34 M. Pigeon, F. Saucier, “Durability of repaired concrete structures”, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Concrete Technology, Athens, 1992, pp: 741–773. Acker P., 1992, “Retraits et fissurations du béton, AFPC”, Documents scientifiques et techniques. Kawamura, 1978, Internal stresses and microcrack formation caused by drying in hardened cement pastes, Am. Ceram. Soc., 61, 281, 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1978.tb09308.x Duxson, 2007, The role of inorganic polymer technology in the development of green concrete, Cem. Concr. Res., 37, 1590, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.018 Fernandez-Jimenz, 2005, Composition and microstructure of alkali activated fly ash binder: effect of activator, Cem. Concr. Res., 35, 1984, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.03.003 Allahverdi, 2005, Sulfuric acid attack on hardened paste of geopolymer cements-part 1. Mechanism of corrosion at relatively high concentrations, Ceram-Silik, 49, 225 Fernandez, 2008, New cementitious materials based on alkali – Activated fly ash: performance at high temperatures, Am. Ceram. Soc., 91, 3308, 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02625.x Duxson, 2005, Si-29 NMR study of structural ordering in aluminosilicate geopolymer gels, Langmuir, 21, 3028, 10.1021/la047336x Puertas, 2000, Alkali-activated fly ash/slag cements: strength behavior and hydration products, Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 1625, 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00298-2 Cheriaf, 1999, Pozzolanic properties of pulverized coal combustion bottom ash, Cem. Concr. Res., 29, 1387, 10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00098-8 Pacheco-Torgal, 2008, Alkali-activated binders: a review: Part 1. Historical background, terminology, reaction mechanisms and hydration products, Constr. Build. Mater., 22, 1305, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.015 Zhang, 2016, Compositional, microstructural and mechanical properties of ambient condition cured alkali-activated cement, Constr. Build. Mater., 113, 237, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.043 Duxson, 2005, Understanding the relationship between geopolymer composition, microstructure and mechanical properties, Colloids Surf. A, 269, 47, 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.06.060 Ismail, 2014, Modification of phase evolution in alkali-activated blast furnace slag by the incorporation of fly ash, Cem. Concr. Compos., 45, 125, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.006 Yip, 2005, The coexistence of geopolymeric gel and calcium silicate hydrate at the early stage of alkaline activation, Cem. Concr. Res., 35, 1688, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.042 Li, 2017, Composition design and performance of alkali-activated cements, Mater. Struct., 50, 178, 10.1617/s11527-017-1048-0 Duxson, 2008, Designing precursors for geopolymer cements, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 91, 3864, 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02787.x Hu, 2009, Alkali-activated fly ash-based geopolymers with zeolite or bentonite as additives, Cem. Concr. Compos., 31, 762, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.07.006 Buchwald, 2009, The suitability of thermally activated illite/smectite clay as raw material for geopolymer binders, Appl. Clay Sci., 46, 300, 10.1016/j.clay.2009.08.026 Seiffarth, 2013, Effect of thermal pre-treatment conditions of common clays on the performance of clay-based geopolymeric binders, Appl. Clay Sci., 73, 35, 10.1016/j.clay.2012.09.010 Ruiz-Santaquiteria, 2013, Clay reactivity: production of alkali activated cements, Appl. Clay Sci., 73, 11, 10.1016/j.clay.2012.10.012 Feng, 2012, Thermal activation of albite for the synthesis of one-part mix geopolymers, J. Am. Soc., 95, 565 Jannesar, 2014, Characterisation of the sarcheshmeh copper mine tailings, KERMAN province, southeast of Iran, Environ. Earth Sci., 71, 2267, 10.1007/s12665-013-2630-6 Khorasanipour, 2015, “Environmental mineralogy of Cu-porphyry mine tailings, a case study of semi-arid climate conditions”, sarcheshmeh mine SE Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 153, 40, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.03.001 J.S.J. van Deventer, D. Feng, P. Duxson, Dry mix cement composition, methods and system involving same US 7,691,198, 2010 B2. Yang, 2008, Properties of cementless mortars activated by sodium silicate, Constr. Build. Mater., 22, 1981, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.07.003 Yang, 2009, Workability loss and compressive strength development of cementless mortars activated by combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 21, 119, 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:3(119) Nematollahi, 2015, Synthesis of heat and ambient cured one-part geopolymer mixes with different grades of sodium silicate, Ceram. Int., 41, 5696, 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.12.154 Wang, 2017, Preparation of drying powder inorganic polymer cement based on alkali-activated slag technology, Powder Technol., 312, 204, 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.02.036 Nematollahi, 2017, Micromechanics-based investigation of a sustainable ambient temperature cured one-part strain hardening geopolymer composite, Constr. Build. Mater., 131, 552, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.117 Nematollahi, 2017, High ductile behavior of a polyethylene fiber-reinforced one-part geopolymer composite: a micromechanics-based investigation, Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 17, 555, 10.1016/j.acme.2016.12.005 Hajimohammadi, 2017, Characterisation of one-part geopolymer binders made from fly ash, Waste Biomass Valorization, 8, 225, 10.1007/s12649-016-9582-5 Chindaprasirt, 2012, Effect of SiO2 and Al2O3 on the setting and hardening of high calcium fly ash-based geopolymer systems, J. Mater. Sci., 47, 4876, 10.1007/s10853-012-6353-y Rattanasak, 2011, Effect of chemical admixtures on properties of high-calcium fly ash geopolymer, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 18, 364, 10.1007/s12613-011-0448-3 Bernal, 2011, Effect of binder content on the performance of alkali-activated slag concretes, Cem. Concr. Res., 41, 1, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.08.017 Collins, 2001, Microcracking and strength development of alkali activated slag concrete, Cem. Concr. Compos., 23, 345, 10.1016/S0958-9465(01)00003-8 Garcia-Lodeiro, 2016, Manufacture of hybrid cements with fly ash and bottom ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator, Constr. Build. Mater., 105, 218, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.079 A. Fernández-Jiménez, I. García-Lodeiro, S. Donatello, O. Maltseva, A. Palomo, “Specific examples of hybrid alkaline cement”, MATEC Web Conference, pp: 1-3, 2014, doi: 10.1051/matecconf/20141101001. García-Lodeiro, 2015, Cements with a low clinker content: cersatile use of raw materials, J. Sustain. Cem. Based Mater., 4, 140, 10.1080/21650373.2015.1040865 Abdollahnejad, 2014, Compressive strength, microstructure and hydration products of hybrid alkaline cements, Mater. Res., 17, 829, 10.1590/S1516-14392014005000091 Bernal, 2013, Gel nanostructure in alkali-activated binders based on slag and fly ash, and effects of accelerated carbonation, Cem. Concr. Res., 53, 127, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.06.007 Provis, 2017, Alkali-activated materials, Cem. Concr. Res., 10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.009 van Deventer, 2012, Technical and commercial progress in the adoption of geopolymer cement, Min. Eng., 29, 89, 10.1016/j.mineng.2011.09.009 McLellan, 2011, Costs and carbon emissions for geopolymer pastes in comparison to ordinary portland cement, J. Clean. Prod., 19, 1080, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.02.010 Luukkonen, 2017, One-part alkali-activated materials: a review, Cem. Concr. Res., 103, 21, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.10.001 Nicolas, 2014, Distinctive microstructural features of aged sodium silicate-activated slag concretes, Cem. Concr. Res., 65, 41, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.07.008 Atiş, 2009, Influence of activator on the strength and drying shrinkage of alkali-activated slag mortar, Constr. Build. Mater., 23, 548, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.011 Guðmundsson, 2013 Yang, 2017, Influence of curing time on the drying shrinkage of concretes with different binders and water-to-binder ratios, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, 1, 10.1155/2017/2619749 Cao, 2004, Microstructural effect of the shrinkage of cement-based materials during hydration, as indicated by electrical resistivity measurement, Cem. Concr. Res., 34, 1893, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.02.002 Zhang, 2013, Influence of aggregate materials characteristics on the drying shrinkage properties of mortar and concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 49, 500, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.069 Andrés Enrique Idiart, 2009 Drying shrinkage of cement and concrete, 2002, Data sheet, Cement Concrete and Aggregates Australia, pp: 1-6. Schubert, 1972 S. Tada Nakano, Microstructural approach to properties of moist cellular concrete, 1983, Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Moisture and properties, Amsterdam pp. 71–88. Zhang, 2015, Drying shrinkage and microstructure characteristics of mortar incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag and shrinkage reducing admixture, Constr. Build. Mater., 93, 267, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.103 Yoo, 2013, Combined effect of expansive and shrinkage-reducing admixtures on the properties of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete, J. Compos. Mater., 48, 1981, 10.1177/0021998313493809 Toledo Filho, 2005, Free, restrained and drying shrinkage of cement mortar composites reinforced with vegetable fibres, Cem. Concr. Compos., 27, 537, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.09.005 Tong, 2014, Improving cracking and drying shrinkage properties of cement mortar by adding chemically treated luffa fibres, Constr. Build. Mater., 71, 327, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.077 Singh, 2014, Compressive strength, drying shrinkage and chemical resistance of concrete incorporating coal bottom ash and partial or total replacement of sand, Constr. Build. Mater., 68, 39, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.034 Ma, 2015, The shrinkage of Alkali activated fly ash, Cem. Concr. Res., 68, 75, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.10.024 Duxson, 2007, Geopolymer technology: the current state of the art, J. Mater. Sci., 42, 2917, 10.1007/s10853-006-0637-z Yun-Ming, 2016, Structure and properties of clay-based geopolymer cements: a review, Prog. Mater Sci., 83, 595, 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2016.08.002 Palomo, 1999, Alkali activated fly ashes – A cement for the future, Cem. Concr. Res., 29, 1323, 10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00243-9 Férnandez-Jiménez, 2003, Characterization of fly ashes. Potential reactivity as alkaline cements, Fuel, 82, 2259, 10.1016/S0016-2361(03)00194-7 Fernández-Jiménez, 2006, The role played by the reactive alumina content in the alkaline activation of fly ashes, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 91, 111, 10.1016/j.micromeso.2005.11.015 Weng, 2007, Dissolution processes, hydrolysis and condensation reaction during geopolymer synthesis: Part I – Low Si/Al ratio systems, J. Mater. Sci., 42, 997, 10.1007/s10853-006-0820-2 Juenger, 2011, Advances in alternative cementitious binders, Cem. Concr. Res., 41, 1232, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.11.012 Palomo, 2014, A review on alkaline activation: new analytical perspectives, Mater. Constr., 64, 1, 10.3989/mc.2014.00314 Garcia-Lodeiro, 2013, Variation in hybrid cements over time. Alkaline activation of fly ash–portland cement blends, Cem. Concr. Res., 52, 112, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.03.022 J.L. Provis, Introduction and scope, ed. J.L. Provis J.S.J. Van Deventer Alkali Activated Materials, State-of-the-Art Report, RILEM TC 224-AAM, 2014, Springer, Dordrecht pp. 1–9. Vijayakumar, 2013 Duxson, 2006, Evolution of gel structure during thermal processing of Na-geopolymer gels, Langmuir, 22, 8750, 10.1021/la0604026 Kuenzel, 2012, Ambient temperature drying shrinkage and cracking in metakaolin-based geopolymers, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 95, 3270, 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05380.x Deb, 2015, Drying shrinkage of slag blended fly ash geopolymer concrete cured at room temperature, Procedia Eng., 125, 594, 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.066 Bakharev, 2005, Durability of geopolymer materials in sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions, Cem. Concr. Res., 35, 1233, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.002 Ranjbar, 2016, Mechanisms of interfacial bond in steel and polypropylene fiber reinforced geopolymer composites, Compos. Sci. Technol., 122, 73, 10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.11.009 Arbi, 2016, A review on the durability of alkali-activated fly Ash/slag systems: advances, issues, and perspectives, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 55, 5439, 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00559 Yang, 2013, Assessment of CO2 reduction of alkali-activated concrete, J. Cleaner Prod., 39, 265, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.001 Weil, 2009 McLellan, 2011, Costs and carbon emissions for geopolymer pastes in comparison to ordinary Portland cement, J. Cleaner Prod., 19, 1080, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.02.010 H. Ye, C. Cartwright, F. Rajabipour, A. Radlinska, “Effect of dying rate on shrinkage of alkali –activated slag cements”, in 4th International Conference on the Durability of Concrete Structures, 24–26, July 2014, Purdue University West Lafayette, USA 254–261. Collins, 2000, Effect of pore size distribution on drying shrinking of alkali-activated slag concrete, Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 1401, 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00327-6 Aydın, 2012, “Mechanical and microstructural properties of heat cured alkali-activated slag mortars, Mater. Des., 35, 374, 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.10.005 Chi, 2012, Strength and drying shrinkage of alkali-activated slag paste and mortar, Adv. Civil Eng., 579732 Ye, 2017, Carbonation-induced volume change in alkali-activated slag, Constr. Build. Mater., 144, 635, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.238 Bakharev, 1999, Effect of elevated temperature curing on properties of alkali-activated slag concrete, Cem. Concr. Res., 29, 1619, 10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00143-X Ye, 2016, Shrinkage mechanisms of alkali-activated slag, Cem. Concr. Res., 88, 126, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.07.001 Ye, 2017, Understanding the drying shrinkage performance of alkali-activated slag mortars, Cem. Concr. Compos., 76, 13, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.11.010 Neto, 2008, Drying and autogenous shrinkage of pastes and mortars with activated slag cement, Cem. Concr. Res., 38, 565, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.11.002 Krizan, 2002, Effects of dosage and modulus of water glass on early hydration of alkali-slag cements, Cem. Concr. Res., 32, 1181, 10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00717-7 Taghvayi, 2018, The effect of alkali concentration and sodium silicate modulus on the properties of alkali-activated slag concrete, Adv. Concr. Technol., 16, 293, 10.3151/jact.16.293 Thomas, 2017, On drying shrinkage in alkali-activated concrete: Improving dimensional stability by aging or heat-curing, Cem. Concr. Res., 91, 13, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.10.003 Yang, 2015, Effects of nano-TiO2 on strength, shrinkage and microstructure of alkali activated slag pastes, Cem. Concr. Compos., 57, 1, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.11.009 Palacios, 2007, Effect of shrinkage-reducing admixtures on the properties of alkali-activated slag mortars and pastes, Cem. Concr. Res., 37, 691, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.11.021 Fang, 2012, Effect of fly ash, MgO and curing solution on the chemical shrinkage of alkali-activated slag cement, Adv. Mater. Res., 168–170, 2008 Jin, 2015, Strength and hydration properties of reactive MgO-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag paste, Cem. Concr. Res., 57, 8, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.10.007 Jia, 2018, Hydration products, internal relative humidity and drying shrinkage of alkali activated slag mortar with expansion agents, Constr. Build. Mater., 158, 198, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.162 Fernandez-Jimenz, 2006, Some engineering properties of alkali activated fly ash concrete, ACI Mater. J., 103, 106 A. Palomo, A. Fernandez-Jimenz, C. Lopez-Hombrados, J.L. Lieyda, “Precast elements made of alkali-activated fly ash concrete”, in International conference on fly ash, silica foam, slag and natural pozzolans in concrete, 2004 Supplementary Volume Las Vegas, USA 545–558. Sofi, 2007, Engineering properties of inorganic polymer concretes (IPCs), Cem. Concr. Res., 37, 251, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.008 Smith, 2010, Compressive strength and degree of reaction of biomass - and fly ash-based geopolymer, Constr. Build. Mater., 24, 236, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.09.002 Chi, 2015, Effects of modulus ratio and dosage of alkali – Activated solution on the properties and micro-structural characteristics of alkali – Activated fly ash mortars, Constr. Build. Mater., 99, 128, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.029 Hanjitsuwan, 2014, Effects of NaOH concentrations on physical and electrical properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer paste, Cem. Concr. Compos., 45, 9, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.012 Atis, 2015, Very high strength (120 MPa) class F fly ash geopolymer mortar activated at different NaOH amount, heat curing temperature and heat curing duration, Constr. Build. Mater., 96, 673, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.089 Kheradmand, 2018, Shrinkage performance of fly ash alkali-activated cement based binder mortars, KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 2, 1854, 10.1007/s12205-017-1714-3 Chindaprasirt, 2011, High strength geopolymer using fine high calcium fly ash, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 23, 264, 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000161 Duan, 2016, Effects of adding nano-TiO2 on compressive strength, drying shrinkage, carbonation and microstructure of fluidized bed fly ash based geopolymer paste, Constr. Build. Mater., 106, 115, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.095 Mastali, 2018, Mechanical and acoustic properties of fiber-reinforced alkali-activated slag foam concretes containing lightweight structural aggregates, Constr. Build. Mater., 187, 371, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.228 Mastali, 2018, Characterization and optimization of hardened properties of self-consolidating concrete incorporating recycled steel, industrial steel, polypropylene and hybrid fibres, Compos. Part B Eng., 151, 186, 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.06.021 M. Kheradmand, Z. Abdollahnejad, F. Pacheco-Torgal, 2017, “Drying shrinkage of fly ash geopolymeric mortars reinforced with polymer hybrid fibres”, in Construction Materials, pp: 1–13, doi: 10.1680/jcoma.16.00077. J.L. Provis, J.S.J. van Deventer, Alkali-activated materials State-of-the-Art Report, RILEM TC 224-AAM, 2014. Yip, 2008, Carbonate mineral addition to metakaolin-based geopolymers, Cem. Concr. Compos., 30, 979, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.07.004 Vidal, 2015, Effect of the addition of ammonium molybdate on metakaolin-based geopolymer formation: Shrinkage and crystallization, Powder Technol., 275, 211, 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.02.012 Gevaudan, 2017, Mineralization dynamics of metakaolin-based alkali-activated cements, Cem. Concr. Res., 94, 1, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.01.001 Lee, 2013, Setting and mechanical properties of alkali-activated fly ash/slag concrete manufactured at room temperature, Constr. Build. Mater., 47, 1201, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.107 Jang, 2014, Fresh and hardened properties of alkali-activated fly ash/slag pastes with superplasticizers, Constr. Build. Mater., 50, 169, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.048 Lee, 2014, Shrinkage characteristics of alkali-activated fly ash/slag paste and mortar at early ages, Cem. Concr. Compos., 53, 239, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.07.007 Yao, 2015, Compressive strength development and shrinkage of alkali-activated fly ash-slag blend associated with efflorescence, Mater. Struct., Vol. 49, 1 Rashed, 2015, Properties of alkali –activated fly ash concrete blended with slag, Iran. J. Mater. Sci. Eng., 10, 57 Shen, 2011, Magnesia modification of alkali-activated slag fly ash cement, J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. –Mater. Sci., 26, 121, 10.1007/s11595-011-0182-8 Marjanović, 2015, Physical–mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated fly ash–blast furnace slag blends, Ceram. Int., 41, 1421, 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.09.075 Gao, 2016, Assessing the porosity and shrinkage of alkali activated slag-fly ash composites designed applying a packing model, Constr. Build. Mater., 119, 175, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.026 Hojati, 2017, Shrinkage and strength development of alkali-activated fly ash-slag binary cements, Constr. Build. Mater., 150, 808, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.040 Weiguo, 2011, Magnesia modification of Alkali-Activated slag fly ash cement, Wuhan Univ. Technol. Mater. Sci., 26, 121, 10.1007/s11595-011-0182-8 Abdollahnejad, 2017, A comparative study on the effects of recycled glass fiber on drying shrinkage rate and mechanical properties of the self-compacting concrete and fly ash/slag geopolymer concrete, J. Mater. Civil Eng., 9, 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001918 Gao, 2017, Evaluation of hybrid steel fiber reinforcement in high performance geopolymer composites, Mater. Struct., 50, 1, 10.1617/s11527-017-1030-x Lecomte, 2006, “ (Micro)-structural comparison between geopolymers, alkali activated slag cement and Portland cement, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 26, 3789, 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.12.021 Lloyd, 2009, Accelerated ageing of geopolymers, 139 Mobili, 2016, Metakaolin and fly ash alkali-activated mortars compared with cementitious mortars at the same strength class, Cem. Concr. Res., 88, 198, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.07.004 Yang, 2017, Influence of fly ash on the pore structure and shrinkage characteristics of metakaolin-based geopolymer pastes and mortars, Constr. Build. Mater., 153, 284, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.067 Samson, 2017, Formulation and characterization of blended alkali-activated materials based on flash-calcined metakaolin, fly ash and GGBS, Constr. Build. Mater., 144, 50, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.160 Zhang, 2009, Preparation and mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced calcined kaolin-fly ash based geopolymer, Cent. S. Univ. Technol., 16, 49, 10.1007/s11771-009-0008-4 Silva, 2015, Prediction of the shrinkage behavior of recycled aggregate concrete: A review, Constr. Build. Mater., 77, 327, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.102 Ma, 2017, Shrinkage and creep behavior of an alkali-activated slag concrete, Struct. Concr., 18, 801, 10.1002/suco.201600147 Goel, 2007, Comparative study of various creep and shrinkage prediction models for concrete, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 19, 249, 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:3(249) Kataoka, 2008, Short-term experimental data of drying shrinkage of ground granulated blast-furnace slag cement concrete, Mater. Struct., 44, 671, 10.1617/s11527-010-9657-x ASTM C150, Standard Specification for Portland Cement. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012. ACI 209.2R-08, 2008, “Guide for modeling and calculating shrinkage and creep in hardened concrete”, Reported by ACI Committee 209. Bazant, 1995, Justification and refinements of model B3 for concrete creep and shrinkage 2. Updating and theoretical basis, Mater. Struct., 28, 488, 10.1007/BF02473171 Gardner, 2001, Design provisions for drying shrinkage and creep of normal-strength concrete, ACI Mater. J., 98, 159 Shariq, 2016, Creep and drying shrinkage of concrete containing GGBFS, Cem. Concr. Compos., 68, 35, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.02.004