Myocardial aging
Tóm tắt
This review questions the old paradigm that describes the heart as a post–mitotic organ and introduces the notion of the heart as a self–renewing organ regulated by a compartment of multipotent cardiac stem cells (CSCs) capable of regenerating myocytes and coronary vessels throughout life. Because of this dramatic change in cardiac biology, the objective is to provide an alternative perspective of the aging process of the heart and stimulate research in an area that pertains to all of us without exception. The recent explosion of the field of stem cell biology, with the recognition that the possibility exists for extrinsic and intrinsic regeneration of myocytes and coronary vessels, necessitates reevaluation of cardiac homeostasis and myocardial aging. From birth to senescence, the mammalian heart is composed of non–dividing and dividing cells. Loss of telomeric DNA is minimal in fetal and neonatal myocardium but rather significant in the senescent heart. Aging affects the growth and differentiation potential of CSCs interfering not only with their ability to sustain physiological cell turnover but also with their capacity to adapt to increases in pressure and volume loads. The recognition of factors enhancing the activation of the CSC pool, their mobilization, and translocation, however, suggests that the detrimental effects of aging on the heart might be prevented or reversed by local stimulation of CSCs or the intramyocardial delivery of CSCs following their expansion and rejuvenation in vitro. CSC therapy may become, perhaps, a novel strategy for the devastating problem of heart failure in the old population.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_journal_title=Circulation; citation_author=null Adams; citation_volume=99; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=1816; citation_id=CR1
citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_author=null Anversa; citation_volume=67; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_pages=871; citation_id=CR2
citation_journal_title=Am J Physiol; citation_author=null Anversa; citation_volume=267; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=H1062; citation_id=CR3
citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_author=null Anversa; citation_volume=83; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=1; citation_id=CR4
citation_journal_title=Laboratory Investigation; citation_author=null Anversa; citation_volume=78; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=767; citation_id=CR5
citation_journal_title=J Mol Cell Cardiol; citation_author=null Anversa; citation_volume=34; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=91; citation_doi=10.1006/jmcc.2001.1506; citation_id=CR6
Anversa P, Olivetti G (2002) Cellular basis of physiological and pathological myocardial growth. In: Page E, Fozzard HA, Solaro RJ (eds) Handbook of Physiology: the Cardiovascular System. The Heart. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 75–144
citation_journal_title=Circulation; citation_author=null Anversa; citation_volume=109; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=2832; citation_doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000132469.85026.46; citation_id=CR8
Aschoff L (1921) Pathologische anatomie. Berlin/Leipzig
Baserga R (1985) The biology of cell reproduction. Harvard University Press, Cambridge London
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_author=null Becker; citation_volume=197; citation_publication_date=1963; citation_pages=452; citation_id=CR11
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Belair; citation_volume=94; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=13677; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.94.25.13677; citation_id=CR12
citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med; citation_author=null Beltrami; citation_volume=344; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=1750; citation_doi=10.1056/NEJM200106073442303; citation_id=CR13
citation_journal_title=J Pathol; citation_author=null Bishop; citation_volume=197; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=424; citation_doi=10.1002/path.1154; citation_id=CR14
citation_journal_title=Cell; citation_author=null Beltrami; citation_volume=114; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=763; citation_doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00687-1; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=Science; citation_author=null Bjornson; citation_volume=283; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=534; citation_doi=10.1126/science.283.5401.534; citation_id=CR16
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_author=null Blackburn; citation_volume=408; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=53; citation_doi=10.1038/35040500; citation_id=CR17
citation_journal_title=FEBS Lett; citation_author=null Blackburn; citation_volume=579; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=859; citation_doi=10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.036; citation_id=CR18
citation_journal_title=Trends Cell Biol; citation_author=null Blasco; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=289; citation_doi=10.1016/S0962-8924(03)00085-0; citation_id=CR19
citation_journal_title=Science; citation_author=null Brazelton; citation_volume=290; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=1775; citation_doi=10.1126/science.290.5497.1775; citation_id=CR20
citation_journal_title=Ann NY Acad Sci; citation_author=null Busuttil; citation_volume=1019; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=245; citation_doi=10.1196/annals.1297.041; citation_id=CR21
citation_journal_title=Cell; citation_author=null Campisi; citation_volume=120; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=513; citation_doi=10.1016/j.cell.2005.02.003; citation_id=CR22
citation_journal_title=Exp Gerontol; citation_author=null Campisi; citation_volume=36; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=607; citation_doi=10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00230-8; citation_id=CR23
citation_journal_title=Eur J Cancer; citation_author=null Campisi; citation_volume=33; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=703; citation_doi=10.1016/S0959-8049(96)00058-5; citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=Am J Physiol; citation_author=null Capasso; citation_volume=262; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=H1770; citation_id=CR25
citation_journal_title=Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci; citation_author=null Chan; citation_volume=359; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=109; citation_doi=10.1098/rstb.2003.1370; citation_id=CR26
citation_journal_title=Exp Hematol; citation_author=null Chen; citation_volume=27; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=928; citation_doi=10.1016/S0301-472X(99)00018-1; citation_id=CR27
citation_journal_title=Exp Hematol; citation_author=null Chen; citation_volume=28; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=442; citation_doi=10.1016/S0301-472X(99)00157-5; citation_id=CR28
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_author=null Chien; citation_volume=428; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=607; citation_doi=10.1038/nature02500; citation_id=CR29
citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_author=null Chimenti; citation_volume=93; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=604; citation_doi=10.1161/01.RES.0000093985.76901.AF; citation_id=CR30
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Cristofalo; citation_volume=95; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=10614; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.95.18.10614; citation_id=CR31
citation_journal_title=Blood; citation_author=null de Haan; citation_volume=93; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=3294; citation_id=CR32
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Dimri; citation_volume=92; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=9363; citation_id=CR33
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Eglitis; citation_volume=94; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=4080; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.94.8.4080; citation_id=CR34
citation_journal_title=Genes Dev; citation_author=null Engel; citation_volume=19; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=1175; citation_doi=10.1101/gad.1306705; citation_id=CR35
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Fallon; citation_volume=97; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=14686; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.97.26.14686; citation_id=CR36
citation_journal_title=BioEssays; citation_author=null Faragher; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=985; citation_doi=10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199812)20:12<985::AID-BIES4>3.0.CO;2-A; citation_id=CR37
citation_journal_title=Science; citation_author=null Ferrari; citation_volume=279; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=1528; citation_doi=10.1126/science.279.5356.1528; citation_id=CR38
citation_journal_title=Cell; citation_author=null Fuchs; citation_volume=100; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=143; citation_doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81691-8; citation_id=CR39
citation_journal_title=Harvey Lect; citation_author=null Greider; citation_volume=96; citation_publication_date=2000–2001; citation_pages=33; citation_id=CR40
citation_journal_title=Nature Immunol; citation_author=null Geiger; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=329; citation_doi=10.1038/ni0402-329; citation_id=CR41
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_author=null Guarente; citation_volume=408; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=255; citation_doi=10.1038/35041700; citation_id=CR42
citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_author=null Guerra; citation_volume=85; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=856; citation_id=CR43
citation_journal_title=Am J Physiol; citation_author=null Hachamovitch; citation_volume=256; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=H66; citation_id=CR44
citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_author=null Haunstetter; citation_volume=82; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=1111; citation_id=CR45
citation_journal_title=FEBS Lett; citation_author=null Hierlihy; citation_volume=530; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=239; citation_doi=10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03477-4; citation_id=CR46
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_author=null Horner; citation_volume=407; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=963; citation_doi=10.1038/35039559; citation_id=CR47
citation_journal_title=Mech Aging Dev; citation_author=null James; citation_volume=121; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=139; citation_doi=10.1016/S0047-6374(00)00205-0; citation_id=CR48
citation_journal_title=Exp Gerontol; citation_author=null Jazwinski; citation_volume=33; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=571; citation_doi=10.1016/S0531-5565(98)00029-1; citation_id=CR49
citation_journal_title=Cell; citation_author=null Johansson; citation_volume=96; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=25; citation_doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80956-3; citation_id=CR50
citation_journal_title= Am J Physiol; citation_author=null Kajstura; citation_volume=271; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=H1215; citation_id=CR51
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Kajstura; citation_volume=95; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=8801; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.95.15.8801; citation_id=CR52
citation_journal_title=Am J Pathol; citation_author=null Kajstura; citation_volume=156; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=813; citation_id=CR53
citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_author=null Kajstura; citation_volume=96; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=127; citation_doi=10.1161/01.RES.0000151843.79801.60; citation_id=CR54
citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_author=null Kang; citation_volume=86; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=1107; citation_id=CR55
citation_journal_title=Am J Pathol; citation_author=null Karsner; citation_volume=1; citation_publication_date=1925; citation_pages=351; citation_id=CR56
Kaufmann E (1922) Specielle pathologische anatomie. Berlin/Leipzig
citation_journal_title=Exp Cell Res; citation_author=null Kim; citation_volume=272; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=199; citation_doi=10.1006/excr.2001.5420; citation_id=CR58
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_author=null Kuro–o; citation_volume=390; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=45; citation_doi=10.1038/36285; citation_id=CR59
citation_journal_title=Trends Mol Med; citation_author=null Kuro–o; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=179; citation_doi=10.1016/S1471-4914(01)01921-9; citation_id=CR60
citation_journal_title=Nat Med; citation_author=null Lagasse; citation_volume=6; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=1229; citation_doi=10.1038/81326; citation_id=CR61
citation_journal_title=Physiol Rev; citation_author=null Lakatta; citation_volume=73; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=413; citation_id=CR62
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_author=null Laugwitz; citation_volume=433; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=647; citation_doi=10.1038/nature03215; citation_id=CR63
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Leri; citation_volume=98; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=8626; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.151013298; citation_id=CR64
citation_journal_title=J Mol Cell Cardiol; citation_author=null Leri; citation_volume=32; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=385; citation_doi=10.1006/jmcc.1999.1084; citation_id=CR65
citation_journal_title=EMBO J; citation_author=null Leri; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=131; citation_doi=10.1093/emboj/cdg013; citation_id=CR66
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Limana; citation_volume=99; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=6257; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.092672899; citation_id=CR67
citation_journal_title=Annu Rev Physiol; citation_author=null MacLellan; citation_volume=62; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=289; citation_doi=10.1146/annurev.physiol.62.1.289; citation_id=CR68
citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med; citation_author=null Maggioni; citation_volume=329; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=1442; citation_doi=10.1056/NEJM199311113292002; citation_id=CR69
citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med; citation_author=null Mallat; citation_volume=335; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=1190; citation_doi=10.1056/NEJM199610173351604; citation_id=CR70
citation_journal_title=Dev Biol; citation_author=null Martin; citation_volume=265; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=262; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.09.028; citation_id=CR71
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_author=null Martin; citation_volume=408; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=263; citation_doi=10.1038/35041705; citation_id=CR72
citation_journal_title=J Biol Chem; citation_author=null Matsuura; citation_volume=279; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=11384; citation_doi=10.1074/jbc.M310822200; citation_id=CR73
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null McKinney–Freeman; citation_volume=99; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=1341; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.032438799; citation_id=CR74
citation_journal_title=Stem Cells Dev; citation_author=null Mezey; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=147; citation_doi=10.1089/154732804773099344; citation_id=CR75
citation_journal_title=Biochem Cell Biol; citation_author=null Mondello; citation_volume=82; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=498; citation_doi=10.1139/o04-048; citation_id=CR76
citation_journal_title=Nat Med; citation_author=null Morrison; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=1011; citation_doi=10.1038/nm0996-1011; citation_id=CR77
citation_journal_title=Development; citation_author=null Morrison; citation_volume=124; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=1929; citation_id=CR78
citation_journal_title=Circulation; citation_author=null Nakamura; citation_volume=107; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=2638; citation_doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000074240.87740.BE; citation_id=CR79
citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med; citation_author=null Narula; citation_volume=335; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=1182; citation_doi=10.1056/NEJM199610173351603; citation_id=CR80
citation_journal_title=J Exp Med; citation_author=null Ogawa; citation_volume=174; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=63; citation_doi=10.1084/jem.174.1.63; citation_id=CR81
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Oh; citation_volume=100; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=12313; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.2132126100; citation_id=CR82
citation_journal_title=Blood; citation_author=null Okada; citation_volume=78; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=1706; citation_id=CR83
citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_author=null Olivetti; citation_volume=68; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=1560; citation_id=CR84
citation_journal_title=J Am Coll Cardiol; citation_author=null Olivetti; citation_volume=26; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=1068; citation_doi=10.1016/0735-1097(95)00282-8; citation_id=CR85
citation_journal_title=J Mol Cell Cardiol; citation_author=null Olivetti; citation_volume=28; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=1463; citation_doi=10.1006/jmcc.1996.0137; citation_id=CR86
citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med; citation_author=null Olivetti; citation_volume=336; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=1131; citation_doi=10.1056/NEJM199704173361603; citation_id=CR87
citation_journal_title=Blood; citation_author=null Orlic; citation_volume=82; citation_publication_date=1985; citation_pages=762; citation_id=CR88
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Orlic; citation_volume=98; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=10344; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.181177898; citation_id=CR89
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_author=null Orlic; citation_volume=410; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=701; citation_doi=10.1038/35070587; citation_id=CR90
citation_journal_title=Exp Gerontol; citation_author=null Ostler; citation_volume=37; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=285; citation_doi=10.1016/S0531-5565(01)00194-2; citation_id=CR91
citation_journal_title=Neurobiol Aging; citation_author=null Postiglione; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=325; citation_doi=10.1016/0197-4580(96)00033-4; citation_id=CR92
Rakusan K (1984) Cardiac growth, maturation, and aging. In: Zak R (ed) Growth of the heart in health and disease. Raven Press Publishers, pp 131–164
citation_journal_title=Circulation; citation_author=null Rakusan; citation_volume=86; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=38; citation_id=CR94
citation_journal_title=Mech Aging Dev; citation_author=null Rubin; citation_volume=98; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=1; citation_doi=10.1016/S0047-6374(97)00067-5; citation_id=CR95
citation_journal_title=Nat Biotechnol; citation_author=null Rubin; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=675; citation_doi=10.1038/nbt0702-675; citation_id=CR96
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Schneider; citation_volume=73; citation_publication_date=1976; citation_pages=3584; citation_id=CR97
citation_journal_title=Oncogene; citation_author=null Schwarze; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=8184; citation_doi=10.1038/sj.onc.1205049; citation_id=CR98
citation_journal_title=Lab Invest; citation_author=null Setoguchi; citation_volume=79; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=1545; citation_id=CR99
citation_journal_title=Exp Cell Res; citation_author=null Severino; citation_volume=257; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=162; citation_doi=10.1006/excr.2000.4875; citation_id=CR100
citation_journal_title=Cell; citation_author=null Sherr; citation_volume=102; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=407; citation_doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00046-5; citation_id=CR101
citation_journal_title=Science; citation_author=null Smith; citation_volume=207; citation_publication_date=1980; citation_pages=82; citation_id=CR102
citation_journal_title=Am J Physiol; citation_author=null Soonpaa; citation_volume=266; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=H1439; citation_id=CR103
citation_journal_title=Science; citation_author=null Soonpaa; citation_volume=264; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=98; citation_id=CR104
citation_journal_title=J Exp Hematol; citation_author=null Sudo; citation_volume=192; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=1273; citation_id=CR105
citation_journal_title=Annu Rev Physiol; citation_author=null Sussman; citation_volume=66; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=29; citation_doi=10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.140723; citation_id=CR106
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Takahashi; citation_volume=97; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=12407; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.210382097; citation_id=CR107
citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_author=null Tomanek; citation_volume=69; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=1068; citation_id=CR108
citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_author=null Torella; citation_volume=94; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=514; citation_doi=10.1161/01.RES.0000117306.10142.50; citation_id=CR109
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Urbanek; citation_volume=100; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=10440; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.1832855100; citation_id=CR110
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Urbanek; citation_volume=102; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=8692; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.0500169102; citation_id=CR111
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_author=null Vogel; citation_volume=96; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=10770; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.96.19.10770; citation_id=CR112
citation_journal_title=Cell; citation_author=null Wagers; citation_volume=116; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=639; citation_doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00208-9; citation_id=CR113
citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med; citation_author=null Wei; citation_volume=237; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=1735; citation_id=CR114
citation_journal_title=Cell; citation_author=null Weissman; citation_volume=100; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=157; citation_doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81692-X; citation_id=CR115
citation_journal_title=Cell; citation_author=null Wood; citation_volume=95; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=147; citation_doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81744-4; citation_id=CR116
citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_author=null Yoon; citation_volume=115; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=326; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI200522326; citation_id=CR117