Combustion improvements of upgraded biomass by washing and torrefaction

GEA, 2012 Technology Roadmap Delivering Sustainable Bioenergy. International Energy Agency, IEA Publications, typeset by IEA and printed in France by CORLET, November 2017. McKendry, 2002, Energy production from biomass (Part 1): overview of biomass, Bioresour Technol, 83, 37, 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00118-3 Hoogwijk, 2003, Exploration of the ranges of the global potential of biomass for energy, Biomass Bioenergy, 25, 119, 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00191-5 Chen, 2015, A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 44, 847, 10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.039 Nhuchhen, 2014, A comprehensive review on biomass torrefaction, Int J Renew Energy Biofuels, 56 Tumuluru, 2011, A review on biomass torrefaction process and product properties for energy applications, Ind Biotechnol, 7, 384, 10.1089/ind.2011.7.384 Ribeiro, 2018, Future perspectives of biomass torrefaction: review of the current state-of-the-art and research development, Sustainability, 10, 2323, 10.3390/su10072323 Heidari, 2018, A review of the current knowledge and challenges of hydrothermal carbonization for biomass conversion, J Energy Inst Gerhardt, 2010, Hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass and its precursors Wirth, 2012 Kambo, 2018, Process water from the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: a waste or a valuable product?, Waste Biomass Valor, 9, 1181, 10.1007/s12649-017-9914-0 Grootjes, A.J., Pels, J.R., Carbo, M.C., Kuipers, H., Vogelaar, J., Kiel, J.H.A. Torwash, Sewage Sludge Treatment. 25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition. 1BO.5.5. ISBN: 978-88-89407-17-2. Janssen, 2013, Report on requirements of end users on densified and torrefied materials, SECTOR Deliv, D4, 1 Thrän, 2016, Moving torrefaction towards market introduction – technical improvements and economic-environmental assessment along the overall torrefaction supply chain through the SECTOR project, Biomass Bioenergy, 89, 184, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.004 Werther, 2000, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 26, 1, 10.1016/S0360-1285(99)00005-2 Kleinhans, 2018, Ash formation and deposition in coal and biomass fired combustion systems: progress and challenges in the field of ash particle sticking and rebound behavior, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 68, 65, 10.1016/j.pecs.2018.02.001 Wang, 2012, A critical review on additives to reduce ash related operation problems in biomass combustion applications, Energy Proc, 20, 20, 10.1016/j.egypro.2012.03.004 Åmand, 2006, Deposits on heat transfer tubes during co-combustion of biofuels and sewage sludge, Fuel, 85, 1313, 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.01.001 Ma, 2017, Evaluation of different water-washing treatments effects on wheat straw combustion properties, Bioresour Technol, 245, 1075, 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.052 Yu, 2014, Influence of leaching pretreatment on fuel properties of biomass, Fuel Process Technol, 128, 43, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.06.030 Deng, 2013, Effect of water washing on fuel properties, pyrolysis and combustion characteristics, and ash fusibility of biomass, Fuel Process Technol, 106, 712, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.10.006 Carrillo, 2014, Washing sorghum biomass with water to improve its quality for combustion, Fuel, 116, 427, 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.08.028 Davidsson, 2002, The effects of fuel washing techniques on alkali release from biomass, Fuel, 81, 137, 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00132-6 Baxter, 1998, The behavior of inorganic material in biomass-fired power boilers: field and laboratory experiences, Fuel Process Technol, 54, 47, 10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00060-X Abelha, 2018, Low-grade biomass upgrading by washing and torrefaction: lab and pilot-scale results, 1209 INdustriele en decentrale VErduurzaming door iNnovatieve biomassa Torrefactie 2 (INVENT 2) Public Final Report (2018), Tender 1 BBE – KEW project TEBE214004). Sommersacher, 2012, Fuel indexes: a novel method for the evaluation of relevant combustion properties of new biomass fuels, Energy Fuels, 26, 380, 10.1021/ef201282y Yrjas, 2005, Chlorine in deposits during co-firing of biomass, peat, and coal in a full-scale CFBC boiler Liu, 2015, Improvement of fuel qualities of solid fuel biochars by washing treatment, Fuel Process Technol, 134, 130, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.01.025 Pronobis, 2005, Evaluation of the influence of biomass co-combustion on boiler furnace slagging by means of fusibility correlations, Biomass Bioenergy, 28, 375, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.11.003 M. Boosten, J. Oldenburger, Biomassapotentieel NBLH-sector in 2020 en 2050, (2014) Probos, mei; 2014. Gomez, 2009, Influence of secondary reactions on the heat of pyrolysis of biomass, Ind Eng Chem Res, 48, 10222, 10.1021/ie9007985 Cho, 2010, The intrinsic kinetics and heats of reactions for cellulose pyrolysis and char formation, Chem Sus Chem, 3, 1162, 10.1002/cssc.201000119 Basu, 2013, An investigation into the effect of biomass particle size on its torrefaction, Canad J Chem Eng, 91, 466, 10.1002/cjce.21710 Ohliger, 2013, Torrefaction of beechwood: a parametric study including heat of reaction and grindability, Fuel, 104, 607, 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.112 Nanou, 2016, Detailed mapping of the mass and energy balance of a continuous biomass torrefaction plant, Biomass Bioenergy, 89, 67, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.02.012 Abelha P. Preliminary Techno-economic Assessment of Biomass Upgrading by Washing and Torrefaction. 27th EUBCE Conference, 27 to 30 May 2019 at Lisbon, Portugal – Oral presentation. Session reference: 3DO.6.3. Gudka, 2016, A review of the mitigation of deposition and emission problems during biomass combustion through washing pre-treatment, J Energy Inst, 89, 159, 10.1016/j.joei.2015.02.007 Hensgen, 2012, Mineral concentrations in solid fuels from European semi-natural grasslands after hydrothermal conditioning and subsequent mechanical dehydration, Bioresour Technol, 118, 332, 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.035 Yao, 2007, Catalytic effects of minerals on NOx emission from coal combustion, Energy Sources Part A, 29, 1005, 10.1080/00908310500433491 Zhao, 2006, Influence of Na and Ca on the emission of NOX during coal combustion, Fuel, 85, 601, 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.09.001 Mylläri, 2017, Physical and chemical characteristics of flue-gas particles in a large pulverized fuel-fired power plant boiler during co-combustion of coal and wood pellets, Combust Flame, 176, 554, 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.10.027 Shah, 2010, Correlating the effects of ash elements and their association in the fuel matrix with the ash release during pulverized fuel combustion, Fuel Process Technol, 91, 531, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.12.016 Miles, 1995 Jenkins, 1998, Combustion properties of biomass, Fuel Process Technol, 54, 17, 10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00059-3 Niu, 2016, Ash-related issues during biomass combustion: alkali-induced slagging, silicate melt-induced slagging (ash fusion), agglomeration, corrosion, ash utilization, and related countermeasures, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 52, 1, 10.1016/j.pecs.2015.09.003 Michelsen, 1998, Deposition and high temperature corrosion in a 10 MW straw fired boiler, Fuel Process Technol, 54, 95, 10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00062-3 Vassilev, 2014, An overview of the behaviour of biomass during combustion: Part II. Ash fusion and ash formation mechanisms of biomass types, Fuel, 117, 152, 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.09.024 Abelha, 2008, Release of nitrogen precursors from coal and biomass residues in a bubbling fluidized bed, Energy Fuels, 22, 363, 10.1021/ef700430t Van Dijen F. Modelling primary NOX and primary N2O of pulverised fuel combustion and circulating fluidised bed combustion, VGB Powertech, VGB-B 15, Essen, Germany, 2018.