Patterns and Predictors of Relapse Following Radical Chemoradiation Therapy Delivered Using Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy With a Simultaneous Integrated Boost in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Brewster, 2006, Increasing incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in Scotland, 1975-2002, Br J Cancer, 95, 87, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603175 Wilkinson, 2014, The rising incidence of anal cancer in England 1990-2010: A population-based study, Color Dis, 16, 10.1111/codi.12553 Nigro, 1981, Combined preoperative radiation and chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, Int J Radiat Oncol, 7, 1279, 10.1016/0360-3016(81)90634-9 Bosset, 2003, Eur J Cancer, 39, 45, 10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00377-5 1996, Epidermoid anal cancer: results from the UKCCCR randomised trial of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin. UKCCCR Anal Cancer Trial Working Party. UK Co-ordinating Committee on Cancer Research, Lancet, 348, 1049, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)03409-5 Flam, 2011, Role of mitomycin in combination with fluorouracil and radiotherapy, and of salvage chemoradiation in the definitive nonsurgical treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal: Results of a phase III randomized intergroup study, Chemotherapy, 14, 2527 Ajani, 2008, RTOG 98-11Fluorouracil, mitomycin, and radiotherapy vs. fluorouracil, cisplatin, and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the anal canal: Commentary, Dis Colon Rectum, 51, 1735 Peiffert, 2012, Induction chemotherapy and dose intensification of the radiation boost in locally advanced anal canal carcinoma: Final analysis of the randomized UNICANCER ACCORD 03 trial, J Clin Oncol, 30, 1941, 10.1200/JCO.2011.35.4837 James, 2013, Mitomycin or cisplatin chemoradiation with or without maintenance chemotherapy for treatment of squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus (ACT II): A randomised, phase 3, open-label, 2×2 factorial trial, Lancet Oncol, 14, 516, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70086-X Bartelink, 1997, J Clin Oncol, 15, 2040, 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.5.2040 Call, 2013, Concurrent chemotherapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy in the treatment of anal cancer: A retrospective review from a large academic center, Pract Radiat Oncol, 3, 26, 10.1016/j.prro.2012.02.005 Kachnic, 2013, RTOG 0529: A phase 2 evaluation of dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy in combination with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C for the reduction of acute morbidity in carcinoma of the anal canal, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 86, 27, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.09.023 Kachnic, 2017, NRG Oncology/RTOG 0529: Long-term outcomes of dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin-c in anal canal cancer, Int J Radiat Oncol, 99, S64, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.159 Salama, 2007, Concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy for anal canal cancer patients: A multicenter experience, J Clin Oncol, 25, 4581, 10.1200/JCO.2007.12.0170 Muirhead, 2014, Anal cancer: Developing an intensity-modulated radiotherapy solution for ACT2 fractionation, Clin Oncol, 26, 720, 10.1016/j.clon.2014.08.001 Ng, 2012, Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group (AGITG) contouring atlas and planning guidelines for intensity-modulated radiotherapy in anal cancer, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 83, 1455, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.12.058 Myerson, 2014, Elective clinical target volumes in anorectal cancer, An RTOG consensus panel contouring atlas, 58, 7250 Glynne-Jones, 2014, Anal cancer: ESMO-ESSO-ESTRO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, Ann Oncol, 25, 10, 10.1093/annonc/mdu159 Muirhead Muirhead, 2017, Initial results from the Royal College of Radiologists' UK national audit of anal cancer radiotherapy 2015, Clin Oncol, 29, 188, 10.1016/j.clon.2016.10.005 2009 Amin, 2017 Muirhead, 2014, Anal cancer: developing an intensity-modulated radiotherapy solution for ACT2 fractionation, Clin Oncol, 26, 720, 10.1016/j.clon.2014.08.001 2018 Gray, 1988, A class of K-sample tests for comparing the cumulative incidence of a competing risk, Ann Statistics, 16, 1141, 10.1214/aos/1176350951 De Bari, 2018, Modern intensity-modulated radiotherapy with image guidance allows low toxicity rates and good local control in chemoradiotherapy for anal cancer patients, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 144, 781, 10.1007/s00432-018-2608-6 Foster, 2018, Treatment outcomes and hpv characteristics for an institutional cohort of patients with anal cancer receiving concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy, PLoS One, 13, 1 Arcadipane, 2018, Image-guided IMRT with simultaneous integrated boost as per RTOG 0529 for the treatment of anal cancer, Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 14, 217, 10.1111/ajco.12768 Dell’Acqua, 2018, Genital marginal failures after intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in squamous cell anal cancer: No higher risk with IMRT when compared to 3DCRT, Med Oncol, 35, 59, 10.1007/s12032-018-1118-3 Tomaszewski, 2012, Twenty-five-year experience with radical chemoradiation for anal cancer, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 83, 552, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.07.007 Das, 2007, Predictors and patterns of recurrence after definitive chemoradiation for anal cancer, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 68, 794, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.12.052 Wright, 2010, Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: Patterns and predictors of failure and implications for intensity-modulated radiation treatment planning, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 78, 1064, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.029 Bentzen, 2012, Chemoradiotherapy of anal carcinoma: Survival and recurrence in an unselected national cohort, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 83, 173, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.12.062 Muirhead, 2015, A tumor control probability model for anal squamous cell carcinoma, Radiother Oncol, 116, 192, 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.07.014 Jones, 2017, Biomarkers in anal cancer: From biological understanding to stratified treatment, Br J Cancer, 116, 156, 10.1038/bjc.2016.398 2009 Jones, 2018, Toxicity, tolerability, and compliance of concurrent capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil in radical management of anal cancer with single-dose mitomycin-c and intensity modulated radiation therapy: Evaluation of a national cohort, Int J Radiat Oncol, 101, 1202, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.04.033 Northover, 2010, Chemoradiation for the treatment of epidermoid anal cancer: 13-year follow-up of the first randomised UKCCCR Anal Cancer Trial (ACT I), Br J Cancer, 102, 1123, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605605 Myerson, 2009, Radiotherapy for epidermoid carcinoma of the anus: Thirty years’ experience, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 75, 428, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.11.047 Fish, 2018, A core outcome set for clinical trials of chemoradiotherapy interventions for anal cancer (CORMAC): A patient and health-care professional consensus, Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 3, 865, 10.1016/S2468-1253(18)30264-4 Sebag-Montefiore, 2016, The development of an umbrella trial (PLATO) to address radiation therapy dose questions in the locoregional management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus, Int J Radiat Oncol, 96, E164, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1006