Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity: I. Challenges and research needs in ecotoxicology
Ksenia J. Groh1,2, Raquel N. Carvalho3, James K. Chipman4, Nancy D. Denslow5, Marlies Halder6, Cheryl A. Murphy7, Dick Roelofs8, Alexandra Rolaki6, Kristin Schirmer1,9,10, Karen H. Watanabe11
1Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
2ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
3European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Water Resources Unit, 21027 Ispra, Italy
4University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
5University of Florida, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Genetics Institute, 32611 Gainesville, FL, USA
6European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Systems Toxicology Unit, 21027 Ispra, Italy
7Michigan State University, Fisheries and Wildlife, Lyman Briggs College, 48824 East Lansing, MI, USA
8VU University, Institute of Ecological Science, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
9ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
10EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
11Oregon Health & Science University, Institute of Environmental Health, Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, 97239-3098 Portland, OR, USA
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Chemosphere
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