Annotated world checklist of the Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae (1758–2021) (Acari: Trombiculoidea), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution

Zootaxa - Tập 4967 Số 1

David H. Nielsen¹, Richard G. Robbins², Leopoldo M. Rueda³

¹Nebraska Department of Agriculture, 301 Centennial Mall South, Lincoln, Nebraska 68509 USA.

²Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, MSC, MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746 USA, and Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA.

³Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, MSC, MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746 USA, and Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA. Mailing address: 204 Draymore Way, Cary, North Carolina 27519, USA

Tóm tắt

The superfamily Trombiculoidea is a large and diverse group of acarines that comprises six families; of these, the families Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae are characterized by larvae commonly known as chiggers that are parasites of terrestrial vertebrates, including humans, and some species are of medical importance as vectors of chigger-borne rickettsiosis (scrub typhus), caused by the rickettsia Orientia tsutsugamushi. This paper presents an annotated checklist of 3,013 generally accepted chigger species, together with their distribution by zoogeographic region, and a non-comprehensive list of synonyms. A total of 58 new combinations are proposed by transferring species to different genera, treating some subgenera as genera, or updating current generic names. The checklist updates earlier catalogs of the world chigger fauna, but because the literature on chigger taxonomy is voluminous and scattered, similar, regional monographs were utilized in constructing the classificatory foundation. This list may not contain every species, synonym or taxonomic rearrangement that has been published, but it reflects the most recent arrangement of chigger taxa. Distribution records are primarily drawn from collection sites listed in the original species descriptions, together with subsequently published geographical records.

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Tài liệu tham khảo

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Journal of Parasitology, 51, 108–113. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3275656">https://doi.org/10.2307/3275656</a>Brennan, J.M. (1965b) A small collection of chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) from the north central Pacific. Journal of Parasitology, 51, 888–892. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3276181">https://doi.org/10.2307/3276181</a>Brennan, J.M. (1965c) Two new species and other records of chiggers from Texas (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Acarologia, 7, 79–83.Brennan, J.M. (1966) New records of chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) from Baja California and islands of the Gulf of California. Journal of Parasitology, 52, 772–775. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3276453">https://doi.org/10.2307/3276453</a>Brennan, J.M. (1967) New records of chiggers from the West Indies. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 24, 146–156.Brennan, J.M. (1968a) A collection of chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) from rodents in southwestern Colombia. Journal of Parasitology, 54, 679–685. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3277019">https://doi.org/10.2307/3277019</a>Brennan, J.M. (1968b) Endoparasitic chiggers: IV. Revision of Kymocta Yunker and Brennan, 1962 (Acarina: Trombiculidae), with description of a new species. Journal of Parasitology, 54, 613–615. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3277095">https://doi.org/10.2307/3277095</a>Brennan, J.M. (1969a) Five new species of the unique genus Polylopadium (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 55, 866–871. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3277233">https://doi.org/10.2307/3277233</a>Brennan, J.M. (1969b) New bat chiggers of the genus Perissopalla from Venezuela and northeastern Brazil (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 6, 427–431. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/6.4.427">https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/6.4.427</a>Brennan, J.M. (1969c) Three new species of subgenus Parasecia Loomis (genus Fonsecia) from northeastern Brazil and a key to the included species (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 55, 662–666. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3277312">https://doi.org/10.2307/3277312</a>Brennan, J.M. (1970a) Chiggers from the Bolivian-Brazilian border (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 56, 807–812. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3277728">https://doi.org/10.2307/3277728</a>Brennan, J.M. (1970b) Colicus, a new Neotropical genus with descriptions of two new species and key to included species (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 7, 271–272. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.2.271">https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.2.271</a>Brennan, J.M. (1970c) A review of Neoschoengastia colombiae Boshell and Kerr 1942, with descriptions of two new species misidentified with it (Acarina: Trombiculidae: Colicus). Journal of Medical Entomology, 7, 489–493. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.4.489">https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.4.489</a>Brennan, J.M. (1970d) A small collection of chiggers from Surinam (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 69, 32–37.Brennan, J.M. (1970e) Two new genera and a new species of Neotropical chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63, 1694–1696. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/63.6.1694">https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/63.6.1694</a>Brennan, J.M. (1971a) Anomalaspis ambiguus Brennan, 1952 redescribed and the questionable association of South American species with Pseudoschoengastia (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 8, 602–604. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/8.5.602">https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/8.5.602</a>Brennan, J.M. (1971b) Endoparasitic chiggers: VI. Neoschoengastia esorhina sp. n. (Acarina: Trombiculidae), a second intranasal chigger of birds. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 666–667. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3277936">https://doi.org/10.2307/3277936</a>Brennan, J.M. (1971c) Three new chiggers from spiny rat, Proechimys guyannensis, in northern Brazil (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 64, 212–215. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/64.1.212">https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/64.1.212</a>Brennan, J.M. (1972a) Buclypeus, new genus for Trombicula ignota Brennan, T. rotundiscutata Fauran, and two new species (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 58, 1178–1181. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3278161">https://doi.org/10.2307/3278161</a>Brennan, J.M. (1972b) A new genus and two new species of Venezuelan chiggers with eyes in the scutum (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 9, 16–18.Brennan, J.M. (1973) Revival of Vanidicus, Brennan and Jones, 1961, descriptions of two new species of the genus from Venezuela and notes on related taxa (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 10, 107–109.Brennan, J.M. & Amerson, A.B. (1971) Six new species and additional records of chiggers from the central Pacific (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 57, 1311–1317.Brennan, J.M. & Beck, D.E. (1955) The chiggers of Utah (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Great Basin Naturalist, 15, 1–26.Brennan, J.M. & Dalmat, H.T. (1960) Chiggers of Guatemala (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 183–191.Brennan, J.M. & Goff, M.L. (1977a) Keys to the genera of chiggers of the Western Hemisphere (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 63, 554–566.Brennan, J.M. & Goff, M.L. (1977b) The Neotropical genus Hoffmannina: four new species and other records from Mexico, Panama and Venezuela (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 63, 908–914.Brennan, J.M. & Goff, M.L. (1978a) Three new monotypic genera of chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) from South America. Journal of Medical Entomology, 14, 541–544.Brennan, J.M. & Goff, M.L. (1978b) Two new species of Crotiscus (Acari: Trombiculidae) from northern South America. Journal of Medical Entomology, 14, 569–572.Brennan, J.M. & Goff, M.L. (1979a) A new species of Atelepalme (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Venezuela. Acarologia, 20, 241–243.Brennan, J.M. & Goff, M.L. (1979b) A new species of Teratothrix (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Medical Entomology, 15, 272–273.Brennan, J.M. & Jones, E.K. (1954) A report on the chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) of the Frances Simes Hastings Natural History Reservation, Monterey County, California. Wasmann Journal of Biology, 12, 155–194.Brennan, J.M. & Jones, E.K. (1959a) Keys to the chiggers of North America with synonymic notes and descriptions of two new genera (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 52, 7–16.Brennan, J.M. & Jones, E.K. (1959b) Pseudoschoengastia and four new Neotropical species of the genus (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 45, 421–429.Brennan, J.M. & Jones, E.K. (1960) Chiggers of Trinidad, B.W.I. (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Acarologia, 2, 493–540.Brennan, J.M. & Jones, E.K. (1961a) Chiggers of Peru (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Acarologia, 3, 172–205.Brennan, J.M. & Jones, E.K. (1961b) New genera and species of chiggers from Panama (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 47, 105–124.Brennan, J.M. & Jones, E.K. (1964a) Five new species of chiggers from South America (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 1, 307–310.Brennan, J.M. & Jones, E.K. (1964b) Four new chiggers from Argentina (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 698–702.Brennan, J.M. & Loomis, R.B. (1959) A review of the reptile chiggers, genus Fonsecia (Acarina: Trombiculidae), with descriptions of two new American species. Journal of Parasitology, 45, 53–64.Brennan, J.M. & Lukoschus, F.S. (1971) Parasitic mites of Surinam, VIII. A new genus and species of chigger, Fauranius atecmartus, and additional records of species (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 70, 42–45.Brennan, J.M. & Reed, J.T. (1972a) Loomisia gen. n. with descriptions of three new Venezuelan species (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 58, 796–800.Brennan, J.M. & Reed, J.T. (1972b) Two new Venezuelan chiggers of the genus Polylopadium (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 9, 461–463.Brennan, J.M. & Reed, J.T. (1973a) More new genera and species of chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 706–710.Brennan, J.M. & Reed, J.T. (1973b) The Neotropical genus Aitkenius: Three new species and other records from Venezuela (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 59, 531–535.Brennan, J.M. & Reed, J.T. (1974a) Endoparasitic chiggers: VIII. The intradermal genus Intercutestrix Brennan and Yunker, 1966, and three new species (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 60, 185–187.Brennan, J.M. & Reed, J.T. (1974b) The genus Eutrombicula in Venezuela (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 60, 699–711.Brennan, J.M. & Reed, J.T. (1975) A list of Venezuela chiggers, particularly of small mammalian hosts (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 20, 45–75.Brennan, J.M. & van Bronswijk, J.E.M.H. (1973) Endoparasitic chiggers VII. A redescription of Kymocta Yunker and Brennan, 1962, a new species from Venezuela, and other records (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 10, 449–451.Brennan, J.M. & van Bronswijk, J.E.M.H. (1975) Parasitic mites of Surinam XXI. New records of Surinam and certain French Guiana chiggers with the description of a new species of Loomisia Brennan and Reed, 1972 (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 243–249.Brennan, J.M. & Vercammen-Grandjean, P.H. (1970) Revival of the monotypic genus Boshellia Ewing, 1950 (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 69, 100–103.Brennan, J.M. & Wharton, G.W. (1950) Studies on North American chiggers. No. 3. The subgenus Neotrombicula. American Midland Naturalist, 44, 153–197.Brennan, J.M. & White, J.S. (1960) New records and descriptions of chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) on bats in Alabama. Journal of Parasitology, 46, 346–350.Brennan, J.M. & Yunker, C.E. (1964) A new species of Euschoengastia of potential veterinary importance (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 311–312.Brennan, J.M. & Yunker, C.E. (1966a) The chiggers of Panama (Acarina: Trombiculidae). In: Wenzel, R.L. and Tipton, V.J. (Eds.) Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 221–266.Brennan, J.M. & Yunker, C.E.M. (1966b) Endoparasitic chiggers: III. Euschoengastia velata, n. sp. (Acarina), an intradermal parasite of boreal rodents in Montana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 3, 338–339.Brennan, J.M. & Yunker, C.E. (1969) Endoparasitic chiggers: V. New genera, species and records from Venezuela and Brazil (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 6, 299–304.Brown, J.H. & Brennan, J.M. (1952) A note on the chiggers (Trombiculidae) of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 30, 338–343.Brown, W.A. (1990) A new genus and species of chigger (Acari: Trombiculidae) from the Philippine Islands. International Journal of Acarology, 16, 23–25.Brown, W.A. 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