Reducing the optical band gap of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based nanocomposite
Tóm tắt
Optical properties of pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA based nanocomposite films have been investigated. The nano-composite samples were prepared by the well known solution cast method. The experimental results shows that the absorption and absorption coefficient parameters are greatly affected by variation of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles concentration. The absorption versus wavelength for the doped samples is exponential while the absorbance of pure PVA is sharply varied with wavelength. An obvious surface plasmonic resonance peaks for the nano-composite samples were appeared. The absorption edge was greatly shifted to lower energy for the PVA doped samples. It was observed that optical band gap of pure PVA is significantly reduced upon the addition of CuO nanoparticles. The increase of refractive index with increasing CuO concentration is an evidence for the formation of new energy states and thus decreasing the energy band gap of PVA. The increase of optical dielectric constant was observed upon the addition of CuO nanoparticles. The optical dielectric loss peaks are shifted to higher wavelength with increasing the CuO concentration. The optical conductivity is increased upon the addition of CuO nanoparticles. The dispersion region in the refractive index spectra are well obeyed the single oscillator of the Wemple–Didomenico model for all the samples.
Tài liệu tham khảo
S. Prasher, M. Kumar, S. Singh, Electrical and optical properties of O6+ ion beam-irradiated polymers. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 19, 204–211 (2014)
D.K. Pradhan, R.N.P. Choudhary, B.K. Samantaray, Studies of structural, thermal and electrical behavior of polymer nanocomposite electrolytes. Exp. Polym. Lett. 2, 630–638 (2008)
J. Jin, R. Qi, Y. Su, M. Tong, J. Zhu, Preparation of high-refractive-index PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposites by one-step in situ solvothermal method. Iran. Polym. J. 22, 767–774 (2013)
P.K. Khanna, R. Gokhale, V.V.V.S. Subbarao, A.K. Vishwanath, B.K. Das, C.V.V. Satyanarayana, PVA stabilized gold nanoparticles by use of unexplored albeit conventional reducing agent. Mater. Chem. Phys. 92, 229–233 (2005)
N. Singh, P.K. Khanna, In situ synthesis of silver nano-particles in polymethylmethacrylate. Mater. Chem. Phys. 104, 367–372 (2007)
S.A. Zavyalov, A.N. Pivkina, J. Schoonman, Formation and characterization of metal-polymer nanostructured composites. Solid State Ion. 147, 415–419 (2002)
I. Hussain, M. Brust, A.J. Papworth, A.I. Cooper, Preparation of acrylate-stabilized gold and silver hydrosols and gold-polymer composite films. Langmuir 19, 4831–4835 (2003)
J. Lee, D. Bhattacharyya, A.J. Easteal, J.B. Metson, Properties of nano-ZnO/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene oxide) composite thin films. Curr. Appl. Phys. 8, 42–47 (2008)
D.M. Fernandes, J.L. Andrade, M.K. Lima, M.F. Silva, L.H.C. Andrade, S.M. Lima, A.A.W. Hechenleitner, E.A.G. Pineda, Thermal and photochemical effects on the structure, morphology, thermal and optical properties of PVA/Ni0.04Zn0.96O and PVA/Fe0.03Zn0.97O nanocomposite films. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 98, 1862–1868 (2013)
C.V.S. Rao, M. Ravi, V. Raja, P.B. Bhargav, A.K. Sharma, V.V.R.N. Rao, Preparation and characterization of PVP-based polymer electrolytes for solid-state battery applications. Iran. Polym. J. 21, 531–536 (2012)
S.B. Aziz, Li+ ion conduction mechanism in poly (e-caprolactone)-based polymer electrolyte. Iran. Polym. J. 22, 877–883 (2013)
A.N. Ananth, S. Umapathy, J. Sophia, T. Mathavan, D. Mangalaraj, On the optical and thermal properties of in situ/ex situ reduced Ag NP’s/PVA composites and its role as a simple SPR-based protein sensor. Appl. Nanosci. 1, 87–96 (2011)
M. Ghanipour, D. Dorranian, Effect of Ag-nanoparticles doped in polyvinyl alcohol on the structural and optical properties of PVA. J. Nanomater. 2013, 1–10 (2013)
S.H. Deshmukh, D.K. Burghate, S.N. Shilaskar, G.N. Chaudhari, P.T. Deshmukh, Optical properties of polyaniline doped PVC–PMMA thin films. Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys. 46, 344–348 (2008)
R. Seoudi, A.M.A. Nada, Molecular structure and dielectric properties studies of chitin and its treated by acid, base and hypochlorite. Carbohydr. Polym. 68, 728–733 (2007)
J. Wilson, G. Ravi, M.A. Kulandainathan, Electrochemical studies on inert filler incorporated poly(vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF–HFP) composite electrolytes. Polimeros: Ciencia e Tecnologia 16, 88–93 (2006)
N. Ahlawat, S. Sanghi, A. Agarwal, S. Rani, Effect of Li2O on structure and optical properties of lithium bismosilicate glasses. J. Alloys Compd. 480, 516–520 (2009)
J. Al-Osaimi, N. Al-Hosiny, S. Abdallah, A. Badawi, Characterization of optical, thermal and electrical properties of SWCNTs/PMMA nanocomposite films. Iran. Polym. J. 23, 437–443 (2014)
G. Rajasudha, L.M. Jayan, D.D. Lakshmi, P. Thangadurai, N. Boukos, V. Narayanan, A. Stephen, Polyindole–CuO composite polymer electrolyte containing LiClO4 for lithium ion polymer batteries. Polym. Bull. 68, 181–196 (2012)
S.B. Aziz, Z.H.Z. Abidin, A.K. Arof, Influence of silver ion reduction on electrical modulus parameters of solid polymer electrolyte based on chitosan–silver triflate electrolyte membrane. Exp. Polym. Lett. 4, 300–310 (2010)
S.B. Aziz, Z.H.Z. Abidin, A.K. Arof, Effect of silver nanoparticles on the DC conductivity in chitosan–silver triflate polymer electrolyte. Phys. B 405, 4429–4433 (2010)
O.G. Abdullah, B.K. Aziz, D.M. Salh, Structural and optical properties of PVA:Na2S2O3 polymer electrolytes films. Indian J. Appl. Res. 3, 477–480 (2013)
F.F. Muhammad, S.B. Aziz, S.A. Hussein, Effect of the dopant salt on the optical parameters of PVA:NaNO3 solid polymer electrolyte. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. (2014). doi:10.1007/s10854-014-2430-0
P.B. Bhargav, V.M. Mohan, A.K. Sharma, V.V.R.N. Rao, Structural, electrical and optical characterization of pure and doped poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer electrolyte films. Int. J. Polym. Mater. 56, 579–591 (2007)
K. Hareesh, G. Sanjeev, A.K. Pandey, V. Rao, Characterization of UV-irradiated Lexan polycarbonate films. Iran. Polym. J. 22, 341–349 (2013)
P.K. Khare, S.K. Jain, Dielectric properties of solution-grown-undoped and acrylic-acid-doped ethyl cellulose. Bull. Mater. Sci. 23, 17–21 (2000)
J. Rozra, I. Saini, A. Sharma, N. Chandak, S. Aggarwal, R. Dhiman, P.K. Sharma, Cu nanoparticles induced structural, optical and electrical modification in PVA. Mater. Chem. Phys. 134, 1121–1126 (2012)
M. Abdelaziz, Cerium (III) doping effects on optical and thermal properties of PVA films. Phys. B 406, 1300–1307 (2011)
F. Yakuphanoglu, M. Kandaz, M.N. Yarasir, F.B. Senkal, Electrical transport and optical properties of an organic semiconductor based on phthalocyanine. Phys. B 393, 235–238 (2007)
C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, vol. Ch. 15, 8th edn. (Wiley, New York, 2005)
M. Caglar, M. Zor, S. Ilican, Y. Caglar, Effect of indium incorporation on the optical properties of spray pyrolyzed Cd0.22Zn0.78S thin films. Czech J. Phys. 56, 277–287 (2006)
E. Hecht, Optics, vol. 3, 4th edn. (Adison Wesley, Reading, MA, 2002)
F.F. Muhammad, K. Sulaiman, Utilizing a simple and reliable method to investigate the optical functions of small molecular organic films—Alq3 and Gaq3 as examples. Measurement 44, 1468–1474 (2011)
J. Borah, S.S. Mahapatra, S. Saikia, N. Karak, Physical, thermal, dielectric and chemical properties of a hyperbranched polyether and its linear analog. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 91, 2911–2916 (2006)
F. Yakuphanoglu, M. Sekerci, O.F. Ozturk, The determination of the optical constant of Cu(II) compound having 1-chloro-2, 3-o-cyclohexylidinepropane thin film. Opt. Commun. 239, 275–280 (2004)
R. Das, S. Pandey, Comparison of optical properties of bulk and nano crystalline thin films of CdS using different precursors. Int. J. Mater. Sci. 1, 35–40 (2011)
Y.S. Kim, Electrical conductivity of segregated network polymer nanoposites. Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University, 2007
I. Saini, J. Rozra, N. Chandak, S. Aggarwal, P.K. Sharma, A. Sharma, Tailoring of electrical, optical and structural properties of PVA by addition of Ag nanoparticles. Mater. Chem. Phys. 139, 802–810 (2013)
S.H. Wemple, M. DiDomenico, Behavior of the electronic dielectric constant in covalent and ionic materials. Phys. Rev. B 3, 1338–1351 (1971)
M.A. Mahdi, S.K.J. Al-Ani, Optical characterization of chemical bath deposition Cd1−xZnxS thin films. Int. J. Nanoelectron. Mater. 5, 11–24 (2012)
A.H. Ammar, Studies on some structural and optical properties of ZnxCd1−xTe thin films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 201, 9–19 (2002)