Investigation of the performance of grouted couplers in vehicle impacted reinforced concrete ABC bridge piers
Tóm tắt
Increased dynamic impact on bridge piers caused by seismic events, blasts, and vehicular impact have become increasingly common. Recent research efforts indicate that code provisions for designing reinforced concrete members to withstand such dynamic loads are inadequate and need additional insights for this purpose. Numerous works have been undertaken to investigate reinforced concrete (RC) traditional bridge pier performance on high strain rate loading. However, little attention has been given to evaluate the performance of connections used in present day bridges including accelerated bridge constructions (ABC) to withstand vehicle impacts, and hence, is relatively unknown. In this study, the use of grouted couplers to contain the unbalanced moments resulting from vehicular impact forces exceeding the moment capacity of the reinforced concrete piers and avoiding extensive damage to the piers is investigated. A representative column, typical of those specified by state departments of transportation, is studied to determine the performance. The performance of the coupler is investigated for both dynamic and static combined stresses. Quasi-static to dynamic strain rates of steel reinforcement connected to the couplers is also evaluated. Quantifying the stresses and strains developed at coupler region from dynamic impact can help coupler manufacturers to optimize the strength properties, thus improving serviceability. This study investigated utilizing splice sleeves in mitigating the formation of plastic hinges, as well as addressing the essential properties of coupler sections required to adequately carry out this function, and will provide a useful design tool for the manufacturers, forensic structural engineers, and practitioners.
Tài liệu tham khảo
ACI (2011) ACI 318-11: building code requirements for structural concrete. American Concrete Institute, United States of America
citation_journal_title=ACI Struct J; citation_title=Seismic column-to-footing connections using grouted splice sleeves; citation_author=MJ Ameli, DN Brown, JE Parks, CP Pantelides; citation_volume=113; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=1021-1030; citation_doi=10.14359/51688755; citation_id=CR2
citation_journal_title=J Struct Eng; citation_title=Seismic analysis of precast concrete bridge columns connected with grouted splice sleeve connectors; citation_author=MJ Ameli, CP Pantelides; citation_volume=143; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=4016176; citation_doi=10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001678; citation_id=CR3
ASTM (2015) A706/A706M − 15 standard specification for low-alloy steel deformed and plain bars for concrete. ASTM International, United States of America, pp 1–6
citation_journal_title=Eng Struct; citation_title=Performance-based design of bridge piers under vehicle collision; citation_author=S Auyeung, A Alipour, D Saini; citation_volume=191; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=752-765; citation_doi=10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.005; citation_id=CR5
citation_journal_title=J Bridge Eng; citation_title=Heavy truck collision with bridge piers: computational simulation study; citation_author=R Cao, AK Agrawal, S El-Tawil, X Xu, W Wong; citation_volume=24; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=4019052; citation_doi=10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001398; citation_id=CR6
Cowper G, Symonds P (1957) Strain hardening and strain-rate effects in the impact loading of cantilever beam. Brown University Division of Applied Mathematics, United States of America, pp 1–46
citation_title=Seismic performance of columns with grouted couplers in Idaho accelerated bridge construction applications; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_id=CR8; citation_author=A Ebrahimpour; citation_author=BE Earles; citation_author=S Maskey; citation_author=M Tangarife; citation_author=AD Sorensen; citation_publisher=Transportation Dept
citation_journal_title=J Bridg Eng; citation_title=Vehicle collision with bridge piers; citation_author=S El-Tawil, E Severino, P Fonseca; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=345-353; citation_doi=10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2005)10:3(345); citation_id=CR9
citation_title=Hard transverse impacts on steel beams and reinforced concrete beams; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_id=CR10; citation_author=M Feyerabend; citation_publisher=University of Karlsruhe (TH)
citation_title=Design for shear; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_id=CR11; citation_author=RW Furlong
citation_journal_title=J Struct Eng; citation_title=Guidance for the design of spliced columns; citation_author=AM Girão Coelho, PD Simão, FSK Bijlaard; citation_volume=138; citation_issue=9; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=1079-1088; citation_doi=10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000546; citation_id=CR12
citation_journal_title=Struct Congress; citation_title=Study of circular reinforced concrete bridge piers subjected to vehicular collisions; citation_author=NL Gomez, A Alipour; citation_volume=2014; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=577-587; citation_id=CR13
Grouted splice sleeve connectors for ABC bridge joints in high-seismic regions – transportation blog (n.d.).
https://blog.udot.utah.gov/2014/09/grouted-splice-sleeve-connectors-for-abc-bridge-joints-in-high-seismic-regions/
. (Jul. 13, 2020)
citation_journal_title=ACI Struct J; citation_title=Seismic performance of precast columns with mechanically spliced column-footing connections; citation_author=ZB Haber, MS Saiidi, DH Sanders; citation_volume=111; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=639-650; citation_doi=10.14359/51686624; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=Electron J Struct Eng; citation_title=Bending-axis effects on load-moment (PM) interaction diagrams for circular concrete columns using a limited number of longitudinal reinforcing bars; citation_author=JK Hsiao; citation_volume=12; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=1; citation_id=CR16
ICC-ES Evaluation Report ESR-3433 (2014).
https://icc-es.org/report-listing/esr-3433/
ICC-ES Report (2016).
https://icc-es.org/report-listing/esr-3433/
citation_title=Crashworthiness of automotive composite material systems; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_id=CR19; citation_author=GC Jacob; citation_author=JF Fellers; citation_author=JM Starbuck; citation_author=S Simunovic
citation_title=Confinement of circular concrete columns: a review; citation_inbook_title=Proceeding of The 1st International Engineering Conference on Developments in Civil & Computer Engineering Applications (IEC2014); citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=28-36; citation_id=CR20; citation_author=H Karim; citation_author=MN Sheikh; citation_author=MNS Hadi
citation_title=Reinforced concrete: mechanics and design; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_id=CR21; citation_author=JG MacGregor; citation_author=JK Wight; citation_author=S Teng; citation_author=P Irawan; citation_publisher=Prentice Hall
citation_journal_title=ACI Mater J; citation_title=Review of static and dynamic properties of steel reinforcing bars; citation_author=LJ Malvar; citation_volume=95; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=609-616; citation_id=CR22
Malvar LJ, Crawford JE (1998) Dynamic increase factors for steel reinforcing bars, 28th DDESB seminar edn, Orlando.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235099732_Dynamic_Increase_Factors_for_Steel_Reinforcing_Bars
citation_journal_title=J Struct Eng (United States); citation_title=Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete; citation_author=JB Mander, MJ Priestley, R Park; citation_volume=114; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_pages=1804-1826; citation_doi=10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804); citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=Adv Concrete Constr; citation_title=Evaluating damage scale model of concrete materials using test data; citation_author=TA Mohammed, A Parvin; citation_volume=1; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=289-304; citation_doi=10.12989/acc2013.1.4.289; citation_id=CR25
Pantelides CP, Ameli MJ, Parks JE, Brown DN (2014) Seismic evaluation of grouted splice sleeve connections for precast RC bridge piers in ABC. Utah Department of Transportation, United States of America
citation_title=Energy based model of vehicle impacted reinforced bridge piers accounting for concrete contribution to resilience; citation_inbook_title=18th international probabilistic workshop: IPW 2020; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=301; citation_id=CR27; citation_author=S Roy; citation_author=A Sorensen; citation_publisher=Springer Nature
citation_title=A reliability based crack propagation model for reinforced concrete bridge piers subject to vehicle impact; citation_inbook_title=18th international probabilistic workshop: IPW 2020; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=95; citation_id=CR28; citation_author=S Roy; citation_author=A Sorensen; citation_publisher=Springer Nature
citation_journal_title=J Perform Constr Facil; citation_title=Vehicle-impact damage of reinforced concrete bridge piers: a state-of-the art review; citation_author=S Roy, I Unobe, AD Sorensen; citation_volume=35; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=03121001; citation_doi=10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001613; citation_id=CR29
citation_journal_title=Structures; citation_title=Reliability assessment and sensitivity analysis of vehicle impacted reinforced concrete circular bridge piers; citation_author=S Roy, ID Unobe, AD Sorensen; citation_volume=37; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=600-612; citation_doi=10.1016/j.istruc.2022.01.041; citation_id=CR30
citation_journal_title=Comput-Aided Civ Infrastruct Eng; citation_title=Performance-based probabilistic capacity models and fragility estimates for RC columns subject to vehicle collision; citation_author=H Sharma, P Gardoni, S Hurlebaus; citation_volume=30; citation_issue=7; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=555-569; citation_doi=10.1111/mice.12135; citation_id=CR31
Speeding & speed limits index & overview (n.d.).
https://www.dot.nd.gov/divisions/programming/docs/SpeedLimitGuidelines.pdf
. Accessed September 2015
citation_journal_title=Eng Struct; citation_title=Seismic design of bridge columns incorporating mechanical bar splices in plastic hinge regions; citation_author=M Tazarv, MS Saiidi; citation_volume=124; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=507-520; citation_doi=10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.06.041; citation_id=CR33
citation_journal_title=Int J Impact Eng; citation_title=Numerical simulation of axially loaded concrete columns under transverse impact and vulnerability assessment; citation_author=HMI Thilakarathna, DP Thambiratnam, M Dhanasekar, N Perera; citation_volume=37; citation_issue=11; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=1100-1112; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.06.003; citation_id=CR34
citation_journal_title=Eng Struct; citation_title=Reliability analysis of circular reinforced concrete columns subject to sequential vehicular impact and blast loading; citation_author=RJ Thomas, K Steel, AD Sorensen; citation_volume=168; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=838-851; citation_doi=10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.099; citation_id=CR35
citation_journal_title=Comput-Aided Civil Infrastruct Eng; citation_title=Collapse of reinforced concrete column by vehicle impact; citation_author=H Tsang, NTK Lam; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=427-436; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1467-8667.2008.00549.x; citation_id=CR36
citation_journal_title=J Test Eval; citation_title=Experimental study on the impact properties of concrete bridge pier reinforced with stainless steel rebar; citation_author=G Zhang, Z Chen, J Lu, S Xu, X Zhou; citation_volume=46; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=1650-1658; citation_doi=10.1520/JTE20160468; citation_id=CR37
citation_journal_title=Adv Struct Eng; citation_title=Damage assessment of bridge piers subjected to vehicle collision; citation_author=D Zhou, R Li; citation_volume=21; citation_issue=15; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=2270-2281; citation_doi=10.1177/1369433218772344; citation_id=CR38
citation_journal_title=Shock Vib; citation_title=Study on impact behavior and impact force of bridge pier subjected to vehicle collision; citation_author=D Zhou, R Li, J Wang, C Guo; citation_volume=2017; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=1-12; citation_id=CR39