Origin of the HIV-1 group O epidemic in western lowland gorillas

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - Tập 112 Số 11 - 2015
Mirela D’arc1,2, Ahidjo Ayouba1, Amandine Esteban1, Gerald H. Learn3, Vanina Boué4,1, Florian Liégeois4,1, Lucie Etienne1, Nikki Tagg5, Fabian H. Leendertz6, Christophe Boesch7, Nadège F. Madinda8,6,7, Martha M. Robbins7, Maryke Gray9, Amandine Cournil1, Marcel Ooms10,11, Michael Letko10,11, Viviana Simon12,11,13, Paul M. Sharp14, Beatrice H. Hahn3, Éric Delaporte1, Eitel Mpoudi Ngole15, Martine Peeters16,1
1Unité Mixte Internationale 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM U1175, and University of Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France;
2bLaboratory of Human Virology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-570 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
3cDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
4Centre International de Recherches Médicales, Franceville, Gabon
5eProjet Grands Singes, Center for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium;
6fEpidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
7gDepartment of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
8Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon
9iInternational Gorilla Conservation Programme, Kigali, Rwanda;
10Department of Microbiology
11kGlobal Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, and
12Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
13lDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
14mInstitute of Evolutionary Biology, and Center for Immunity, Infection, and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom;
15Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Études des Plantes Médicinales, Prévention du Sida au Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon; and
16Computational Biology Institute, 34095 Montpellier, France

Tóm tắt

Significance Understanding emerging disease origins is important to gauge future human infection risks. This is particularly true for the various forms of the AIDS virus, HIV-1, which were transmitted to humans on four independent occasions. Previous studies identified chimpanzees in southern Cameroon as the source of the pandemic M group, as well as the geographically more restricted N group. Here, we show that the remaining two groups also emerged in southern Cameroon but had their origins in western lowland gorillas. Although group P has only been detected in two individuals, group O has spread extensively throughout west central Africa. Thus, both chimpanzees and gorillas harbor viruses that are capable of crossing the species barrier to humans and causing major disease outbreaks.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Tập 112 Số 11

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