Carotid and femoral ultrasound morphology screening and cardiovascular events in low risk subjects: a 10-year follow-up study (the CAFES-CAVE study)

Salonen, 1991, Determinants of carotid intima-media thickness: a population-based ultrasonography study in Eastern Finnish men, J. Int. Med., 229, 225, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00336.x

Salonen, 1983, Ultrasound B-mode imaging in observational studies of atherosclerotic progression, Circulation, 87, II-56

Wendelag, 1991, Ultrasound measurement of wall thickness in the carotid artery: fundamental principles and description of a computerised analysing system, Clin. Physiol., 11, 565, 10.1111/j.1475-097X.1991.tb00676.x

Pignoli, 1986, Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: a direct measurements with ultrasound imaging, Circulation, 74, 1399, 10.1161/01.CIR.74.6.1399

Poli, 1988, Ultrasonographic measurement of the common carotid artery wall thickness in hypercholesterolemic patients: a new model for the quantitation and follow-up of preclinical atherosclerosis in living human subjects, Atherosclerosis, 70, 253, 10.1016/0021-9150(88)90176-1

Geroulakos, 1994, Carotid intima-media thickness: correlation with the British Regional Heart Study risk score, J. Int. Med., 235, 431, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb01099.x

Belcaro, 1993, Evaluation of atherosclerosis progression with ultrasonic biopsy and intima-media thickness measurements, VASA, 22, 15

Markussis, 1992, Detection of premature atherosclerosis by high resolution ultrasonography in symptom-free hypopituitary adults, Lancet, 340, 1188, 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92892-J

Margitic, 1991, Progression and regression of carotid atherosclerosis in clinical trials, Arterioscler. Thromb., 11, 443, 10.1161/01.ATV.11.2.443

Family Heart Study Group. British family heart study: its design and method and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Br. J. Gen. Practice 1994; 44: 62–67

WHO Expert Commitee. Prevention of coronary heart disease. World Health Organization, Geneva 1982.

WHO Expert Commitee. Community prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. World Health Organization, Geneva 1986.

WHO Expert Commitee. Appropriate diagnostic technology in the management of cardiovascular diseases. World Health Organization, Geneva 1988

Wendelhag, 1993, Atherosclerotic changes in the femoral and carotid arteries in familial hypercholesterolemia. Ultrasonographic assessment of intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence, Arterioscler. Thromb., 13, 1404, 10.1161/01.ATV.13.10.1404

Wendelhag, 1992, Arterial wall thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia: ultra-sound measurement of intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery, Arteroscler. Thromb., 12, 70, 10.1161/01.ATV.12.1.70

Bond, 1981, Complicating factors in evaluating coronary artery atherosclerosis, Artery, 9, 21

Salonen, 1990, Progression of carotid atherosclerosis and its determinants: a population-based ultrasonography study, Atherosclerosis, 81, 33, 10.1016/0021-9150(90)90056-O

Belcaro, 1996, Ultrasound morphology classification of the arterial wall and cardiovascular event in a 6-year follow-up study, Arterioscl. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 16, 651, 10.1161/01.ATV.16.7.851

Veller, 1993, Measurement of the ultrasonic intima-media complex thickness in normal subjects, J. Vasc. Surg., 17, 719, 10.1067/mva.1993.41133

Belcaro, 1993, Screening asymptomatic subjects with subclinical arteriosclerotic lesions with arterial ultrasonic biopsy. The P.A.P. study, VASA, 22, 232

Belcaro, 1994, Subclinical arteriosclerosis screening. The PAP/PEA study, J. Cardiovasc. Surg., 35, 123

Wikstrand, 1992, Frontiers in cardiovascular science: quantitative measurements of atherosclerotic manifestations in humans, Arterioscler. Thromb., 12, 114, 10.1161/01.ATV.12.1.114

Cesarone, 1994, Effects of Trandolapril on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 23, S65, 10.1097/00005344-199406001-00013

Belcaro, 1993, Inter/Intra observer variability of carotid and femoral bifurcation intima-media thickness measurements, Panminerva. Medica., 35, 75

Pearson, 1984, Coronary arteriography in the study of the epidemiology of coronary artery disease, Epidemiol. Rev., 6, 140, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036269

Persson, 1994, Ultrasound determined intima-media thickness and atherosclerosis. Direct and indirect validation, Arterioscler. Thromb., 14, 261, 10.1161/01.ATV.14.2.261

Azen, 1996, Progression of coronary artery disease predicts clinical coronary events. Long-term follow-up from the cholesterol lowering atherosclerosis study, Circulation, 93, 34, 10.1161/01.CIR.93.1.34

Wilterdink JL, Easton JD. Vascular event rates in patients with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, Arch Neurol 1992

Azen, 1991, An evaluation of human panelists in assessing coronary atherosclerosis, Arterioscl. Thromb., 11, 385, 10.1161/01.ATV.11.2.385

Blankenhorn, 1994, Arterial imaging and atherosclerosis reversal, Arterioscler. Thromb., 14, 177, 10.1161/01.ATV.14.2.177

Hautecouverture, 1992, Lipid balance in an arteritic patient and therapeutic implications, J. Maladies Vasculaires, 147, 326

Wald, 1994, Apolipoproteins and ischaemic heart disease: implications for screening, Lancet, 343, 75, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90814-1

Kuller, 1994, Prevelence of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and association with risk factors in the Cardiovascular Health Study, Am. J. Epidemiol., 139, 1164, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116963

Newman, 1993, Ankle-arm index as a marker of atherosclerosis in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group, Circulation, 88, 837, 10.1161/01.CIR.88.3.837

Belcaro G, Veller M, Nicolaides AN (Eds). Vascular Screening. Edizioni Minerva Medica, Turin, 1995

Shah, 1999, Carotid plaque, Intima-media thickness, cardiovascular risk factors, and prevalent cardiovascular disease in men and women. The British Regional Heart Study., Stroke, 30, 641

Belcaro, 1991, Ultrasonic Biopsy: a non-invasive screening technique to evaluate the cardiovascular risk and to follow up the progression and the regression of arteriosclerosis, VASA, 20, 40

Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN (Eds). Noninvasive investigations in vascular disease. Imperial College Press, London 2000