Thymus und andere Immunstimulanzien

Der Onkologe - Tập 15 - Trang 1025-1030 - 2009
C. Stoll1, J. Hübner2
1Hämatologie und intern. Onkologie, Med. Klinik IV, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Deutschland
2Onkologische Abteilung, Habichtswald-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Deutschland

Tóm tắt

Zu den unspezifischen in der Onkologie verwendeten Immunstimulanzien gehören Thymuspräparate, Faktor AF2, Biobran® und Avemar®. Hinweise auf mögliche Wirkmechanismen stammen aus präklinischen Untersuchungen. Für Thymuspräparate liegt eine Reihe klinischer Studien v. a. zur supportiven Therapie vor. Ein überzeugender Wirkungsnachweis gelang bisher nicht. Für keines der Präparate liegen belastbare Untersuchungsergebnisse vor, die eine antitumorale Wirkung belegen. Eine Indikation für den Einsatz dieser Präparate außerhalb von Studien gibt es deshalb derzeit nicht.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Botturi M et al (1993) Effects of immunomodulation on antineoplastic radiotherapy, Radiol Med (Torino) 86(3):327–335 Iaffaioli RV et al (1988-89) Effect of thymic extract ‘thymostimulin‘on the incidence of infections and myelotoxicity during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, Thymus 12(2):69–75 Braga M et al (1994) Impact of thymopentin on the incidence and severity of postoperative enfection, Br J Surg 81(2):205–208 Elia P et al (1994) Prevention of immunodeficiency and postoperative infective complications in patients undergoing surgical resection for carcinoma of the colon-rectum, Minerva Chir 49(6):575–580 Gebbia V et al (1994) A prospective randomized trial of thymopentin versus granulocyte – colony stimulating factor with or without thymopentin in the prevention of febrile episodes in cancer patients undergoing highly cytotoxic chemotherapy, Anticancer Res 14(2B):731–734 Dillman RO et al (1987) Phase II trial of thymosin fraction 5 and thymosin alpha 1, J Biol Response Mod 6(3):263–267 Grismondi GL et al (1995) Thymopentin and cervico-vaginal HPV infection associated with CIN, Minerva Ginecol 47(6):255–267 Serra GE et al (1992) Proposal for the treatment of cervix dysplasia with immunomodulators, Minerva Ginecol 44(1–2):15–18 Mallmann P et al (1990) Investigation on cell-mediated immunity in patients with breast and ovarian carcinomas receiving a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy with thymopentin, Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 12(5):333–340 Mallmann P et al (1989) The effect of immunotherapy with thymopentin on the parameters of cellular immunity and the clinical course of gynaecologic tumor patients, Onkologie 12(Suppl 3):15–21 Mallmann P et al (1991) The effect of adjuvant combined chemo/immunotherapy on immunological parameters and clinical course in patients with breast carcinoma, Zentralbl Gynakol 113(12):697–706 Przybilla B et al (1983) Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas with TP-5, Evaluation of the clinical effect in 8 patients, Acta erm Venereol 63(6):524–529 Bernengo MG et al (1988) Immunomodulation and Sezary syndrome, Br J Dermatol 119(2):207–221 Bernengo MG et al (1991) Thymopentin in Sezary syndrome, J Natl Cancer Inst 84(17):1341–1346 Cascinelli N et al (1993) Perinodular injection of thymopentin (TP5) in cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of melanoma, Melanoma Res 3(6):471–476 Cascinelli N et al (1998) Evaluation of clinical efficacy and tolerability of intravenous high dose thymopentin in advanced melanoma patients, Melanoma Res 8(1):83–89 Clemente C et al (1996) Biological activity and clinical efficacy of intravenous high-dose thymopentin in metastatic melanoma patients, Melanoma Res 6(1):63–69 Dollinger MM et al (2008a) Thymostimulin in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase II trial, BMC Cancer 8:72 Bodey B et al (2000) Review of thymic hormones in cancer diagnosis and treatment, Int J immunopharmacol 22(4):261–273 Larsson LI et al (2007) Localization of thymosin beta-4 in tumors, Ann N Y Acad Sci 1112:317–325 Zhang Y et al (2008) Thymosin Beta 4 is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer cells and stimulates proinflammatory cytokine secretion and JNK activation, Cancer Biol Ther 7(3):419–423 Oh JM et al (2008) Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1 alpha stabilization by actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4 (TB4) in Hela cervical tumor cells, Cancer Lett 264(1):29–35 Moon EY et al (2007) Actin-sequestering protein, thymosin-beta-4 (TB4), inhibits caspase-3 activation in paclitaxel-induced tumor cell death, Oncol Res 16(11):507–516 Gu YM et al (2008a) Elevated thymosin beta 15 expression is associated with progression and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer, APMIS 116(6):484–490 Gu YM et al (2008b) Expression of thymosin beta 10 and the role in non-small cell lung cancer, Hum Pathol Bedikian AY et al (1984) Prospective evalutation of thymosin fraction V immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving vindesine, doxorubicin and cixplatin chemotherapy, Am J Clin Oncol 7(5):399–404 Papadopoulos I et al (1989) Reducing the side effects of aggressive chemotherapy, Onkologie 12(Suppl 3):26–31 Krege S (2002) Bewertung des Komplementärtherapeutikums Factor AF2 als Supportivum in der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Urothelkarzinoms, Der Urologe A, Springer-Verlag GmbH, 41(2):S 164–168 Reddy BS et al (2000) Preventive potential of wheat bran fractions against experimental coloncarcinogenesis: implications for human colon cancer prevention. Cancer Res 60:4792–4798 Nichelatti M et al (2002) Experimental and clinical results with AvemarR (a dried extract from fermented weath germ) in animal cancer models and in cancer patients. Nog Oncologia 7:40–41 Boros LG et al (2001) Pancreas 23:141–147 Illmer Ch et al (2005) Immunologic and biochemical effects of the fermented wheat germ extract AvemarR. Exp Biol Med 230:144–149 Hidvegi (1998) nicht vorhanden, aber aufgeführt im Text Hidvegi (1999) nicht vorhanden, aber aufgeführt im Text Demidrov LV et al (2002) Antimetastatic effect of AvemarR in high risk melanoma patients (abstract P868). In: Programm of teh18th UICC International Cancer Congress, Oslo, Norway. Int J Cancer 100(Suppl 13):408 Garami M et al (n d) Fermeted wheat germ extract reduces chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in pedeatric cancer patients Ghoneum M et al (2003) Modified arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/ Biobran)sensitizes human T cell leukaemia cells to death receptor (CD-95-) induced apoptosis. Cancer lett 201(1):41–49 Ghoneum M et al (2004) Enhancement of natural killer cell activity of aged mice by modified arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran). J Pharm Pharmacol 56(12):1581–1588 Gollapudi S et al (2008) MGN-3/Biobran, modified arabinoxylan from rice bran, sensitizes human breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agent, daunorubicin. Cancer Detect Prev 32(1):1–6. Epub 2008 Apr 11 McDermot C et al (2006) A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized controlled trial of natural killer cell stimulant (BioBran MGN-3) in chronic fatigue syndrome. Q J Med 99:461–468 de Ojeda G et al (1994) Polygera, a biological response modifier enhancing T-lymphocyte-dependent responses, Res Exp Med 194(4):261–267 Zarkovic N et al (1998) Spleen peptides (Polyerga) inhibit development of artificial lung metastases of murine mammary carcinoma and increase efficiency of chemotherapy in mice, Cancer Biother Radiopharm 13(1):25–32 Jurin M et al (1996) Porcine splenic peptides (Polyerga) decrease the number of experimental lung metastases in mice, Clin Ecp Metastasis 14(1):55–60 Borghardt J et al (2000) Effects of a spleen peptide preparation as supportive therapy in inoperable head and neck cancer patients, Arzneimittelforschung 50(2):178–184 Szende B et al (2004) Effect of simultaneous administration of AvemarR and cytostatic drugs on viability of cell cultures, growth of eperimental tumors and survival tumorbearing mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 19(3):343–349 Jakab F et al (2003) A medical nutriment has supportive value in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 89(3):465–469