TLR4, but Not TLR2, Signals Autoregulatory Apoptosis of Cultured Microglia: A Critical Role of IFN-β as a Decision Maker
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Underhill, D. M.. 2003. Toll-like receptors: networking for success. Eur. J. Immunol. 33: 1767-1775.
Sabroe, I., R. C. Read, M. K. Whyte, D. H. Dockrell, S. N. Vogel, S. K. Dower. 2003. Toll-like receptors in health and disease: complex questions remain. J. Immunol. 171: 1630-1635.
Beutler, B.. 2004. Inferences, questions and possibilities in Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature 430: 257-263.
Kopp, E., R. Medzhitov. 2003. Recognition of microbial infection by Toll-like receptors. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 15: 396-401.
Yamamoto, M., K. Takeda, S. Akira. 2004. TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling. Mol. Immunol. 40: 861-868.
O’Neill, L. A., K. A. Fitzgerald, A. G. Bowie. 2003. The Toll-IL-1 receptor adaptor family grows to five members. Trends Immunol. 24: 286-290.
Vogel, S. N., K. A. Fitzgerald, M. J. Fenton. 2003. TLRs: differential adapter utilization by Toll-like receptors mediates TLR-specific patterns of gene expression. Mol. Interv. 3: 466-477.
Aliprantis, A. O., R. B. Yang, M. R. Mark, S. Suggett, B. Devaux, J. D. Radolf, G. R. Klimpel, P. Godowski, A. Zychlinsky. 1999. Cell activation and apoptosis by bacterial lipoproteins through Toll-like receptor-2. Science 285: 736-739.
Aliprantis, A. O., R. B. Yang, D. S. Weiss, P. Godowski, A. Zychlinsky. 2000. The apoptotic signaling pathway activated by Toll-like receptor-2. EMBO J. 19: 3325-3336.
Lopez, M., L. M. Sly, Y. Luu, D. Young, H. Cooper, N. E. Reiner. 2003. The 19-kDa Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein induces macrophage apoptosis through Toll-like receptor-2. J. Immunol. 170: 2409-2416.
Into, T., K. Kiura, M. Yasuda, H. Kataoka, N. Inoue, A. Hasebe, K. Takeda, S. Akira, K. Shibata. 2004. Stimulation of human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR6 with membrane lipoproteins of Mycoplasma fermentans induces apoptotic cell death after NF-κB activation. Cell. Microbiol. 6: 187-199.
Haase, R., C. J. Kirschning, A. Sing, P. Schrottner, K. Fukase, S. Kusumoto, H. Wagner, J. Heesemann, K. Ruckdeschel. 2003. A dominant role of Toll-like receptor 4 in the signaling of apoptosis in bacteria-faced macrophages. J. Immunol. 171: 4294-4303.
Ruckdeschel, K., G. Pfaffinger, R. Haase, A. Sing, H. Weighardt, G. Hacker, B. Holzmann, J. Heesemann. 2004. Signaling of apoptosis through TLRs critically involves Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β, but not MyD88, in bacteria-infected murine macrophages. J. Immunol. 173: 3320-3328.
Hsu, L. C., J. M. Park, K. Zhang, J. L. Luo, S. Maeda, R. J. Kaufman, L. Eckmann, D. G. Guiney, M. Karin. 2004. The protein kinase PKR is required for macrophage apoptosis after activation of Toll-like receptor 4. Nature 428: 341-345.
Jones, L. L., R. B. Banati, M. B. Graeber, L. Bonfanti, G. Raivich, G. W. Kreutzberg. 1997. Population control of microglia: does apoptosis play a role?. J. Neurocytol. 26: 755-770.
Rivest, S.. 2003. Molecular insights on the cerebral innate immune system. Brain Behav. Immun. 17: 13-19.
Lee, S. J., S. Lee. 2002. Toll-like receptors and inflammation in the CNS. Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy 1: 181-191.
Bowman, C. C., A. Rasley, S. L. Tranguch, I. Marriott. 2003. Cultured astrocytes express Toll-like receptors for bacterial products. Glia 43: 281-291.
Ishida, I., H. Kubo, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, S. Akashi, K. Inoue, S. Maeda, H. Kikuchi, H. Sasaki, T. Kondo. 2002. Hypoxia diminishes Toll-like receptor 4 expression through reactive oxygen species generated by mitochondria in endothelial cells. J. Immunol. 169: 2069-2075.
Visintin, A., A. Mazzoni, J. H. Spitzer, D. H. Wyllie, S. K. Dower, D. M. Segal. 2001. Regulation of Toll-like receptors in human monocytes and dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 166: 249-255.
Muzio, M., D. Bosisio, N. Polentarutti, G. D’Amico, A. Stoppacciaro, R. Mancinelli, C. van’t Veer, G. Penton-Rol, L. P. Ruco, P. Allavena, A. Mantovani. 2000. Differential expression and regulation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in human leukocytes: selective expression of TLR3 in dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 164: 5998-6004.
Stoll, G., S. Jander. 1999. The role of microglia and macrophages in the pathophysiology of the CNS. Prog. Neurobiol. 58: 233-247.
Gehrmann, J., Y. Matsumoto, G. W. Kreutzberg. 1995. Microglia: intrinsic immuneffector cell of the brain. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 20: 269-287.
Streit, W. J., S. A. Walter, N. A. Pennell. 1999. Reactive microgliosis. Prog. Neurobiol. 57: 563-581.
Gonzalez-Scarano, F., G. Baltuch. 1999. Microglia as mediators of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 22: 219-240.
Von Knethen, A., A. Lotero, B. Brune. 1998. Etoposide and cisplatin induced apoptosis in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages is attenuated by cAMP-induced gene expression. Oncogene 17: 387-394.
Albina, J. E., S. Cui, R. B. Mateo, J. S. Reichner. 1993. Nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis in murine peritoneal macrophages. J. Immunol. 150: 5080-5085.
Adler, B., H. Adler, T. W. Jungi, E. Peterhans. 1995. Interferon-α primes macrophages for lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 215: 921-927.
Liu, B., K. Wang, H. M. Gao, B. Mandavilli, J. Y. Wang, J. S. Hong. 2001. Molecular consequences of activated microglia in the brain: overactivation induces apoptosis. J. Neurochem. 77: 182-189.
Lee, P., J. Lee, S. Kim, H. Yagita, M. S. Lee, S. Y. Kim, H. Kim, K. Suk. 2001. NO as an autocrine mediator in the apoptosis of activated microglial cells: correlation between activation and apoptosis of microglial cells. Brain Res. 892: 380-385.
Kingham, P. J., M. L. Cuzner, J. M. Pocock. 1999. Apoptotic pathways mobilized in microglia and neurones as a consequence of chromogranin A-induced microglial activation. J. Neurochem. 73: 538-547.
Suk, K., J. Lee, J. Hur, Y. S. Kim, M. S. Lee, S. H. Cha, S. Y. Kim, H. Kim. 2001. Activation-induced cell death of rat astrocytes. Brain Res. 900: 342-347.
Lee, J., J. Hur, P. Lee, J. Y. Kim, N. Cho, M. S. Lee, S. Y. Kim, H. Kim, K. Suk. 2001. Dual role of inflammatory stimuli in activation-induced cell death of mouse microglial cells: initiation of two separate apoptotic pathways via induction of interferon regulatory factor-1 and caspase-11. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 32956-32965.
Lee, H., S. Cha, M. S. Lee, G. J. Cho, W. S. Choi, K. Suk. 2003. Role of antiproliferative B cell translocation gene-1 as an apoptotic sensitizer in activation-induced cell death of brain microglia. J. Immunol. 171: 5802-5811.
Hajjar, A. M., D. S. O’Mahony, A. Ozinsky, D. M. Underhill, A. Aderem, S. J. Klebanoff, C. B. Wilson. 2001. Functional interactions between Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR1 or TLR6 in response to phenol-soluble modulin. J. Immunol. 166: 15-19.
Underhill, D. M., A. Ozinsky, A. M. Hajjar, A. Stevens, C. B. Wilson, M. Bassetti, A. Aderem. 1999. The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens. Nature 401: 811-815.
Rhee, S. H., D. Hwang. 2000. Murine Toll-like receptor 4 confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness as determined by activation of NF κB and expression of the inducible cyclooxygenase. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 34035-34040.
Burns, K., F. Martinon, C. Esslinger, H. Pahl, P. Schneider, J. L. Bodmer, F. Di Marco, L. French, J. Tschopp. 1998. MyD88, an adapter protein involved in interleukin-1 signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 12203-12209.
Dupraz, P., S. Cottet, F. Hamburger, W. Dolci, E. Felley-Bosco, B. Thorens. 2000. Dominant negative MyD88 proteins inhibit interleukin-1β/interferon-γ-mediated induction of nuclear factor κB-dependent nitrite production and apoptosis in β cells. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 37672-37678.
Horng, T., G. M. Barton, R. Medzhitov. 2001. TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway. Nat. Immunol. 2: 835-841.
Mizushima, S., S. Nagata. 1990. pEF-BOS, a powerful mammalian expression vector. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 5322.
Yamamoto, M., S. Sato, K. Mori, K. Hoshino, O. Takeuchi, K. Takeda, S. Akira. 2002. A novel Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-β promoter in the Toll-like receptor signaling. J. Immunol. 169: 6668-6672.
Takeuchi, O., K. Hoshino, T. Kawai, H. Sanjo, H. Takada, T. Ogawa, K. Takeda, S. Akira. 1999. Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components. Immunity 11: 443-451.
Aloisi, F., R. De Simone, S. Columba-Cabezas, G. Levi. 1999. Opposite effects of interferon-γ and prostaglandin E2 on tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-10 production in microglia: a regulatory loop controlling microglia pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. J. Neurosci. Res. 56: 571-580.
Blasi, E., R. Barluzzi, V. Bocchini, R. Mazzolla, F. Bistoni. 1990. Immortalization of murine microglial cells by a v-raf/v-myc carrying retrovirus. J. Neuroimmunol. 27: 229-237.
Iwamura, T., M. Yoneyama, K. Yamaguchi, W. Suhara, W. Mori, K. Shiota, Y. Okabe, H. Namiki, T. Fujita. 2001. Induction of IRF-3/-7 kinase and NF-κB in response to double-stranded RNA and virus infection: common and unique pathways. Genes Cells 6: 375-388.
Hsu, H., H. B. Shu, M. G. Pan, D. V. Goeddel. 1996. TRADD-TRAF2 and TRADD-FADD interactions define two distinct TNF receptor 1 signal transduction pathways. Cell 84: 299-308.
Shu, H. B., D. R. Halpin, D. V. Goeddel. 1997. Casper is a FADD- and caspase-related inducer of apoptosis. Immunity 6: 751-763.
Lee, K.-Y., W. Chang, D. Qiu, P. N. Kao, G. D. Rosen. 1999. PG490 (triptolide) cooperates with tumor necrosis factor-α to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 13451-13455.
Yoneyama, M., W. Suhara, Y. Fukuhara, M. Fukuda, E. Nishida, T. Fujita. 1998. Direct triggering of the type I interferon system by virus infection: activation of a transcription factor complex containing IRF-3 and CBP/p300. EMBO J. 17: 1087-1095.
Schreiber, E., P. Matthias, M. M. Muller, W. Schaffner. 1989. Rapid detection of octamer binding proteins with ‘mini-extracts,’ prepared from a small number of cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 17: 6419.
Matsuguchi, T., T. Musikacharoen, T. Ogawa, Y. Yoshikai. 2000. Gene expressions of Toll-like receptor 2, but not Toll-like receptor 4, is induced by LPS and inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages. J. Immunol. 165: 5767-5772.
Faure, E., L. Thomas, H. Xu, A. Medvedev, O. Equils, M. Arditi. 2001. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ induce Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in human endothelial cells: role of NF-κB activation. J. Immunol. 166: 2018-2024.
Donjerkovic, D., D. W. Scott. 2000. Activation-induced cell death in B lymphocytes. Cell Res. 10: 179-192.
Suk, K., S. Y. Kim, H. Kim. 2002. Essential role of caspase-11 in activation-induced cell death of rat astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 80: 230-238.
Gao, J. J., M. B. Filla, M. J. Fultz, S. N. Vogel, S. W. Russell, W. J. Murphy. 1998. Autocrine/Paracrine IFN-α/β mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of transcription factor Stat1α in mouse macrophages: pivotal role of Stat1α in induction of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. J. Immunol. 161: 4803-4810.
Toshchakov, V., B. W. Jones, P. Y. Perera, K. Thomas, M. J. Cody, S. Zhang, B. R. Williams, J. Major, T. A. Hamilton, M. J. Fenton, S. N. Vogel. 2002. TLR4, but not TLR2, mediates IFN-β-induced STAT1α/β-dependent gene expression in macrophages. Nat. Immunol. 3: 392-398.
Schauvliege, R., J. Vanrobaeys, P. Schotte, R. Beyaert. 2002. Caspase-11 gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ requires nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 41624-41630.
Kim, M. O., Q. Si, J. N. Zhou, R. G. Pestell, C. F. Brosnan, J. Locker, S. C. Lee. 2002. Interferon-β activates multiple signaling cascades in primary human microglia. J. Neurochem. 81: 1361-1371.
Wang, S., M. Miura, Y. Jung, H. Zhu, V. Gagliardini, L. Shi, A. H. Greenberg, J. Yuan. 1996. Identification and characterization of Ich-3, a member of the interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE)/Ced-3 family and an upstream regulator of ICE. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 20580-20587.
Kang, S. J., S. Wang, H. Hara, E. P. Peterson, S. Namura, S. Amin-Hanjani, Z. Huang, A. Srinivasan, K. J. Tomaselli, N. A. Thornberry, M. A. Moskowitz, J. Yuan. 2000. Dual role of caspase-11 in mediating activation of caspase-1 and caspase-3 under pathological conditions. J. Cell Biol. 149: 613-622.
Wang, S., M. Miura, Y. K. Jung, H. Zhu, E. Li, J. Yuan. 1998. Murine caspase-11, an ICE-interacting protease, is essential for the activation of ICE. Cell 92: 501-509.
Shibata, M., S. Hisahara, H. Hara, T. Yamawaki, Y. Fukuuchi, J. Yuan, H. Okano, M. Miura. 2000. Caspases determine the vulnerability of oligodendrocytes in the ischemic brain. J. Clin. Invest. 106: 643-653.
Hisahara, S., J. Yuan, T. Momoi, H. Okano, M. Miura. 2001. Caspase-11 mediates oligodendrocyte cell death and pathogenesis of autoimmune-mediated demyelination. J. Exp. Med. 193: 111-122.
Park, E. J., S. Y. Park, E. H. Joe, I. Jou. 2003. 15d-PGJ2 and rosiglitazone suppress Janus kinase-STAT inflammatory signaling through induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 in glia. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 14747-14752.
Shishodia, S., B. B. Aggarwal. 2004. Nuclear factor-κB: a friend or a foe in cancer?. Biochem. Pharmacol. 68: 1071-1080.
Lin, K. I., J. A. DiDonato, A. Hoffmann, J. M. Hardwick, R. R. Ratan. 1998. Suppression of steady-state, but not stimulus-induced NF-κB activity inhibits α virus-induced apoptosis. J. Cell Biol. 141: 1479-1487.
Watters, J. J., J. A. Sommer, Z. A. Pfeiffer, U. Prabhu, A. N. Guerra, P. J. Bertics. 2002. A differential role for the mitogen-activated protein kinases in lipopolysaccharide signaling: the MEK/ERK pathway is not essential for nitric oxide and interleukin 1β production. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 9077-9087.
Applequist, S. E., R. P. Wallin, H. G. Ljunggren. 2002. Variable expression of Toll-like receptor in murine innate and adaptive immune cell lines. Int. Immunol. 14: 1065-1074.
Olson, J. K., S. D. Miller. 2004. Microglia initiate central nervous system innate and adaptive immune responses through multiple TLRs. J. Immunol. 173: 3916-3924.
Poltorak, A., X. He, I. Smirnova, M. Y. Liu, C. Van Huffel, X. Du, D. Birdwell, E. Alejos, M. Silva, C. Galanos, et al 1998. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 282: 2085-2088.
Nomura, F., S. Akashi, Y. Sakao, S. Sato, T. Kawai, M. Matsumoto, K. Nakanishi, M. Kimoto, K. Miyake, K. Takeda, S. Akira. 2000. Endotoxin tolerance in mouse peritoneal macrophages correlates with down-regulation of surface Toll-like receptor 4 expression. J. Immunol. 164: 3476-3479.
Pfeiffer, A., A. Bottcher, E. Orso, M. Kapinsky, P. Nagy, A. Bodnar, I. Spreitzer, G. Liebisch, W. Drobnik, K. Gempel, et al 2001. Lipopolysaccharide and ceramide docking to CD14 provokes ligand-specific receptor clustering in rafts. Eur. J. Immunol. 31: 3153-3164.
Triantafilou, M., K. Triantafilou. 2002. Lipopolysaccharide recognition: CD14, TLRs and the LPS-activation cluster. Trends Immunol. 23: 301-304.
Ozinsky, A., D. M. Underhill, J. D. Fontenot, A. M. Hajjar, K. D. Smith, C. B. Wilson, L. Schroeder, A. Aderem. 2000. The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between Toll-like receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 13766-13771.