Neuromediator and hormonal perturbations in fibromyalgia syndrome: results of chronic stress?

Ahles, 1984, Psychological factors associated with primary fibromyalgia syndrome, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 25, 1101, 10.1002/art.1780271004 Ahles, 1987, Is chronic pain a variant of depressive disease? The fibromyalgia syndrome, Pain, 29, 105, 10.1016/0304-3959(87)90183-7 Atkinson, 1986, Basal and post-dexamethasone cortisol and prolactin concentrations in depressed and non-depressed patients with chronic pain syndromes, Pain, 25, 23, 10.1016/0304-3959(86)90005-9 Basbaum, 1984, Endogenous pain control systems: brainstem spinal pathways and endorphin circuitry, Annual Review of Neuroscience, 7, 309, 10.1146/annurev.ne.07.030184.001521 Becker, 1963, The connective tissue disease and symptoms associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, New England Journal of Medicine, 268, 275, 10.1056/NEJM196302072680601 Bengtsson, 1989, The muscle in fibromyalgia—a review of Swedish studies, Journal of Rheumatology, 16, 144 Bennett, 1989, Beyond fibromyalgia: ideas on etiology and treatment, Journal of Rheumatology, 16, 185 Bennett, 1992, Low levels of somatomedin C in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. A possible link between sleep and muscle pain, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 35, 1113, 10.1002/art.1780351002 Buskila, 1992, Assessment of nonarticular tenderness and prevalence of fibromyalgia in hyperprolactinemic women, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 35, S114 Carette, 1988, Fibrositis and primary hypothyroidism, Journal of Rheumatology, 15, 1418 Carroll, 1981, A specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of melancholia, Archives of General Psychistry, 140, 338 Crofford, 1993, Perturbations of hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis function in patients with fibromyalgia, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 36, S220 Daughaday, 1985, The anterior pituitary gland, 568 Davis, 1980, 5-Methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine: spinal cord and brainstem mediation of excitatory effects on acoustic startle, Psychopharmacology, 70, 123, 10.1007/BF00435302 Edwards, 1988, Hypotheses of peripheral and central mechanisms underlying occupational muscle pain and injury, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 57, 275, 10.1007/BF00635985 Elert, 1992, Muscle performance, electromyography and fibre type composition in fibromyalgia and work-related myalgia, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 21, 28, 10.3109/03009749209095059 Famaey, 1991, Fibrinolytic activity in fibromyalgia patients with latent tetany syndrome, Hungarian Rheumatology, 32, 231 Ferraccioli, 1990, Neuroendocrinologic findings in primary fibromyalgia and in other rheumatic conditions, Journal of Rheumatology, 17, 689 Gavin, 1974, Insulin-dependent regulation of insulin receptor concentrations: a direct demonstration in cell culture, 71, 84 Griep, 1993, Altered reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis in the primary fibromyalgia syndrome, Journal of Rheumatology, 20, 469 Hamaty, 1989, The plasma endorphin, prostaglandin and catecholamine profile of patients with fibrositis treated with cyclobenzaprine and placebo: a 5-month study, Journal of Rheumatology, 16, 164 Herrmann, 1989, Low-T3-Syndrom und chronisch-entzündlicher Rheumatismus, Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Innere Medizine und Ihre Grenzgebiete, 44, 513 Hobson, 1986, Neuronal basis of behavioral state control, 701 Jacobsen, 1991, Single cell morphology of muscle in patients with chronic muscle pain, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 20, 336, 10.3109/03009749109096809 Jacobsen, 1992, Urinary excretion of growth hormone in fibromyalgia, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology Supplement, 94, 43 Kopin, 1980, Catecholamines, adrenal hormones, and stress, 159 Lerner, 1978, Melatonin: clinical pharmacology, Journal of Neural Transmission, 13, 339 Loosen, 1983, Use of TSH response to TRH as an independent variable, American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 700, 10.1176/ajp.140.6.700 Maeda, 1984, Evidence that the 5′-monodeiodinases for thyroxine and 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine in the rat pituitary are separate enzymes, Endocrinology, 114, 747, 10.1210/endo-114-3-747 McCain, 1989, Non medicinal treatment of primary fibromyalgia, Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America, 15, 73, 10.1016/S0889-857X(21)00034-X McCain, 1989, Diurnal hormone variation in fibromyalgia syndrome: a comparison with rheumatoid arthritis, Journal of Rheumatology, 16, 154 Meerson, 1975, Role of synthesis of nucleic acids and protein in adaptation to the external environment, Physiological Reviews, 55, 79, 10.1152/physrev.1975.55.1.79 Moldofsky, 1982, Rheumatic pain modulation syndromes; The interrelationships between sleep, central nervous system, serotonin and pain, Advances in Neurology, 33, 51 Müller, 1987, The fibrositis syndrome: diagnosis, differential diagnosis and pathogenesis, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 65, 40, 10.3109/03009748709102176 Neeck, 1992, Thyroid function in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome, Journal of Rheumatology, 19, 1120 Neeck, 1990, Das generalisierte tendomyotische Syndrom (Fibromyalgie Syndrom), Die Medizinische Welt, 41, 341 Neeck, 1988, Circadian variations of cortisol, prolactin and human growth hormone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. About interactions between endocrine and immune system, Aktuelle Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, 9, 57 Neeck, 1990, Adrenal secretion of cortisol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Journal of Rheumatology, 17, 24 Newham, 1986, Skeletal muscle damage: a study of isotope uptake, enzyme efflux and pain after stepping, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 55, 106, 10.1007/BF00422903 Otsuki, 1973, Influence of glucocorticoids on TRH induced TSH response in man, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 36, 95, 10.1210/jcem-36-1-95 Payne, 1984, Fibrositis and psychologic disturbance, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 25, 213, 10.1002/art.1780250216 Reichlin, 1966, Control of thyrotropin hormone secretion, 445 Riedel, 1983, Effects of propylthiouracil, and of bacterial endotoxin (LPS), on thyroid hormones, respiratory rate, cutaneous and renal blood flow in rabbits, Pflügers Archiv. European Journal of Physiology, 399, 11, 10.1007/BF00652516 Riedel, 1990, Mechanics of fever, Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 1, 291, 10.1515/JBCPP.1990.1.1-4.291 Riedel, 1988, Selective autonomic nervous control of thyroid hormone and calcitonin secretion during metabolic and cardiorespiratory activation by intracisternal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System, 24, 157, 10.1016/0165-1838(88)90144-0 Russell, 1989, Neurohormonal aspects of fibromyalgia syndrome, Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America, 15, 149, 10.1016/S0889-857X(21)00039-9 Russell, 1993, Serum prolactin (PRO) in fibromyalgia syndrome (FS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy normal controls (NC), Arthritis and Rheumatism, 36, S222 Russell, 1993, Abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS) metabolism of tryptophan (TRY) to 3-hydroxykynurenine (OHKY) in fibromyalgia syndrome (FS), Arthritis and Rheumatism, 36, S222 Russell, 1987, Imipramine receptor density on platelets of patients with fibrositis syndrome: Correlation with disease severity and response to therapy, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 30, S63 Russell, 1989, Serum amino acids in fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome, Journal of Rheumatology, 16, 158 Russell, 1992, Platelet 3H-imipramine uptake receptor density and serum serotonin levels in patients with fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome, Journal of Rheumatology, 19, 104 Russell, 1993, Serum serotonin (5HT) in fibromyalgia syndrome (FS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy normal controls (NC), Arthritis and Rheumatism, 36, S222 Sachar, 1975, Neurocrine abnormalities in depressive illness, 135 Simons, 1989, Myofascial pain syndromes, perpetuating factors, 368 Starkman, 1981, Depressed mood and other psychiatric manifestations of Cushing's syndrome: relationship to hormone levels, Psychosomatic Medicine, 43, 3, 10.1097/00006842-198102000-00002 V˦røy, 1989, Altered sympathetic nervous system response in patients with fibromyalgia (fibrositis syndrome), Journal of Rheumatology, 16, 1460 V˦røy, 1991, No evidence for endorphin deficiency in fibromyalgia following investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynorphin A and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, Pain, 46, 139, 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90068-9 van Denderen, 1992, Physiological effects of exhaustive physical exercise in primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS): is PFS a disorder of neuroendocrine reactivity?, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 21, 35, 10.3109/03009749209095060 Visser, 1981, Regulation of TSH secretion and thyroid function in Cushing's disease, Acta Endocrinologica, 96, 480, 10.1530/acta.0.0960480 Watson, 1977, Melatonin and other pineal substances: Psychiatric and neurological implications, 193 Wolfe, 1984, Psychological status in primary fibrositis and fibrositis associated with rheumatoid arthritis, Journal of Rheumatology, 11, 500 Wurtman, 1965, Adrenaline synthesis: control by pituitary gland and adrenal glucocorticoids, Science, 150, 1464, 10.1126/science.150.3702.1464 Yunus, 1981, Primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis): Clinical study of 50 patients with matched normal controls, Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 11, 151, 10.1016/0049-0172(81)90096-2 Yunus, 1992, Plasma tryptophan and other amino acids in primary fibromyalgia: a controlled study, Journal of Rheumatology, 19, 90