Characterising the influence of bitumen emulsion on asphalt mixture performance

European Commission (2011) White Paper on transport. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg European Environment Agency (2008) Climate for a transport change. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, EEA Report No 1/2008, Luxembourg European Commission (2011) White paper—roadmap to a single european transport area—towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system, Brussels European Environment Agency (2011) Laying the foundations for greener transport. Office for Official Publications of the European Union, EEA Report No 7/2011, Luxembourg Wess JA, Olsen LD, Sweeney MH (2004) Concise international chemical assessment document 59—asphalt (bitumen). World Health Organization, Geneva Agostini M, Fransman W, De Vocht F, Van Wendel De Joode B, Kromhout H (2011) Assessment of dermal exposure to bitumen condensate among road paving and mastic crews with an observational method. Ann Occup Hyg 55(6):578–590 Butler MA et al (2000) Health effects of occupational exposure to asphalt. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-110, Cincinnati European Environment Agency (2011) Earnings, jobs and innovation: the role of recycling in a green economy. Office for Official Publications of the European Union, EEA Report No 8/2011, Luxembourg Hu S-G, Wang T, Wang F-Z, Liu Z-C (2009) Adsorption behaviour between cement and asphalt emulsion in cement–asphalt mortar. Adv Cement Res 21(1):11–14 Ivanov IB, Danov KD, Kralchevsky PA (1999) Flocculation and coalescence of micron-size emulsion droplets. Colloids Surf A 152:161–182 Redelius P (2002) An experimental investigation on coalescence of bitumen emulsions. The 3rd World Congress on Emulsions, Lyon Sjöblom J (ed) (2006) Emulsions and emulsion stability, 2nd edn. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton Salomon DR (2006) Asphalt emulsion technology. Transportation Research Board (TRB), Transportation Research Circular E-C102, Washington, DC Sjöblom J (ed) (2001) Encyclopedic handbook of emulsion technology. Marcel Dekker, New York García A, Lura P, Partl MN, Jerjen I (2013) Influence of cement content and environmental humidity on asphalt emulsion and cement composites performance. Mater Struct 46(8):1275–1289 Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) (2005) EN 196-1. Prüfverfahren für Zement—Teil 1: Bestimmung der Festigkeit Underwood BS, Kim YR (2011) Experimental investigation into the multiscale behaviour of asphalt concrete. Int J Pavement Eng 12(4):357–370 Izadi A (2012) Quantitative characterization of microstructure of asphalt mixtures to evaluate fatigue crack growth. Master Thesis. The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Underwood BS, Kim YR (2013) Effect of volumetric factors on the mechanical behavior of asphalt fine aggregate matrix and the relationship to asphalt mixture properties. Constr Build Mater 49:672–681 Dai Q, You Z (2007) Prediction of creep stiffness of asphalt mixture with micromechanical finite-element and discrete-element models. J Eng Mech 133(2):163–173 You Z, Buttlar WG (2004) Discrete element modeling to predict the modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures. J Mater Civ Eng 16(2):140–146 Kim H, Wagoner MP, Buttlar WG (2008) Simulation of fracture behavior in asphalt concrete using a heterogeneous cohesive zone discrete element model. J Mater Civ Eng 20(8):552–563 Lackner R, Spiegl M, Blab R, Eberhardsteiner J (2005) Is low-temperature creep of asphalt mastic independent of filler shape and mineralogy? Arguments from multiscale analysis. J Mater Civ Eng 17(5):485–491 Schüler T, Manke R, Jänicke R, Radenberg M, Steeb H (2013) Multi-scale modelling of elastic/viscoelastic compounds. ZAMM—J Appl Math Mech 93(2–3):126–137 Wang Z, Sha A (2010) Micro hardness of interface between cement asphalt emulsion mastics and aggregates. Mater Struct 43(4):453–461 Tan Y, Ouyang J, Lv J, Li Y (2013) Effect of emulsifier on cement hydration in cement asphalt mortar. Constr Build Mater 47:159–164 Zhang Y, Kong X, Hou S, Liu Y, Han S (2012) Study on the rheological properties of fresh cement asphalt paste. Constr Build Mater 27:534–544 Qiang W, Peiyu Y, Ruhan A, Jinbo Y, Xiangming K (2011) Strength mechanism of cement-asphalt mortar. J Mater Civil Eng 23(9):1353–1359 Lu C-T, Kuo M-F, Shen D-H (2009) Composition and reaction mechanism of cement–asphalt mastic. Constr Build Mater 23:2580–2585 Wang Z, Wang Q, Ai T (2014) Comparative study on effects of binders and curing ages on properties of cement emulsified asphalt mixture using gray correlation entropy analysis. Construction and Build Mater 54:615–622 Wang F, Liu Z, Wang T, Hu S (2008) A novel method to evaluate the setting process of cement and asphalt emulsion in CA mortar. Mater Struct 41(4):643–647 Du S (2013) Interaction mechanism of cement and asphalt emulsion in asphalt emulsion mixtures. Mater Struct. doi:10.1617/s11527-013-0118-1 Fazhou W, Yunpeng L, Shuguang H (2013) Effect of early cement hydration on the chemical stability of asphalt emulsion. Constr Build Mater 42:146–151 Tan Y, Guo M (2014) Interfacial thickness and interaction between asphalt and mineral fillers. Mater Struct 47(4):605–614 Mendes A, Gates WP, Sanjayan JG, Collins F (2011) NMR, XRD, IR and synchrotron NEXAFS spectroscopic studies of OPC and OPC/slag cement paste hydrates. Mater Struct 44(10):1773–1791 Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswessen (2007) TL BE-StB 07. Technische Lieferbedingungen für Bitumenemulsionen (FGSV-Nr. 793) Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) (2011) EN 13808 (Entwurf). Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel—Rahmenwerk für die Spezifizierung kationischer Bitumenemulsionen Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen (2005) M KRC. Merkblatt für Kaltrecycling in situ im Straßenoberbau (FGSV-Nr. 636) Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen (2007) M VB-K. Merkblatt für die Verwendung von pechhaltigen Straßenausbaustoffen und von Asphaltgranulat in bitumengebundenen Tragschichten und durch Kaltaufbereitung in Mischanlagen (FGSV-Nr. 636) Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR) (2004) NF P98-251-4. Tests relating to pavements—static tests on bituminous mixtures—part 4: modified DURIEZ test on bitumen emulsion based cold mix asphalts Ferrotti G, Pasquini E, Canestrari F (2014) Experimental characterization of high-performance fiber-reinforced cold mix asphalt mixtures. Constr Build Mater 57:117–125 Hunter AE, McGreavy L, Airey GD (2009) Effect of compaction mode on the mechanical performance and variability of asphalt mixtures. J Trans Eng 135:839–851 Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) (2009) EN 12390-2. Testing hardened concrete—part 2: making and curing specimens for strength tests. Comité Européen de Normalisation, Brussels Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) (2012) EN 12697-6. Asphalt—Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt—Teil 6: Bestimmung der Raumdichte von Asphalt-Probekörpern Hu S, Zhang Y, Wang F (2012) Effect of temperature and pressure on the degradation of cement asphalt mortar exposed to water. Constr Build Mater 34:570–574 Di Benedetto H, Partl MN, Francken L, La Roche De, Saint André C (2001) Stiffness testing for bituminous mixtures. Mater Struct 34(2):66–70 Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) (2003) EN 12697-23. Asphalt—Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt—Teil 23: Bestimmung der indirekten Zugfestigkeit von Asphalt-Probekörpern Khodary Moalla Hamed F (2010) Evaluation of fatigue resistance for modified asphalt concrete mixtures based on dissipated energy concept. Doktor-Ingenieurs (Dr. -Ing.) Dissertation. Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Straßenwesen, Darmstadt Chailleux E, de La Roche C, Piau J-M (2011) Modeling of complex modulus of bituminous mixtures measured in tension/compression to estimate secant modulus in indirect tensile test. Mater Struct 44(3):641–657 Powers TC, Brownyards TL (1947) Studies of the physical properties of hardened cement paste. J Am Concr Inst 43:984–987 Hansen TC (1986) Physical structure of hardened cement paste. A classical approach. Mater Struct 19(6):423–436 Brouwers HJH (2004) The work of Powers and Brownyard revisited: part 1. Cem Concr Res 34:1697–1716 Brouwers HJH (2005) The work of Powers and Brownyard revisited: part 2. Cem Concr Res 35:1922–1936 Pouliot N, Marchand J, Pigeon M (2003) Hydration mechanisms, microstructure, and mechanical properties of mortars prepared with mixed binder cement slurry-asphalt emulsion. J Mater Civ Eng 15(1):54–59 Wang F, Liu Z, Hu S (2010) Early age volume change of cement asphalt mortar in the presence of aluminum powder. Mater Struct 43(4):493–498