Apoplastic ascorbate metabolism and its role in the regulation of cell signalling

Dietz, 1997, Functions and responses of the leaf apoplast under stress, Prog. Bot, 58, 221, 10.1007/978-3-642-60458-4_9 Münch E: Die Stoffbewegung in der Pflanze. Jena, Germany: Fischer; 1930. [Title translation: Transport in plants.] Sattelmacher, 2001, The apoplast and its significance for plant mineral nutrition, New Phytol., 149, 167, 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00034.x Marrè, 1989, Light-induced activation of electrogenic H+ extrusion and K+ uptake in Elodea densa depends on photosynthesis and is mediated by the plasma membrane ATPase, J. Exp. Bot, 40, 343, 10.1093/jxb/40.3.343 Cosgrove, 2000, Expansive growth of plant cell walls, Plant Physiol. Biochem., 38, 109, 10.1016/S0981-9428(00)00164-9 Hartung, 1988, Abscisic-acid movement into the apoplastic solution of water-stressed cotton leaves — role of apoplastic pH, Plant Physiol., 86, 908, 10.1104/pp.86.3.908 Pfanz, 1987, A fluorescence method for the determination of the apoplastic proton concentration in intact leaf tissues, J. Plant Physiol., 129, 41, 10.1016/S0176-1617(87)80100-1 Woo, 2000, Germin is a manganese containing homohexamer with oxalate oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, Nat. Struct. Biol., 7, 1036, 10.1038/80954 Zhou, 2000, Proton extrusion is an essential signalling component in the HR of epidermal single cells in the barley powdery mildew interaction, Plant J., 23, 245, 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00777.x Onnerud, 2002, Polymerisation of monolignols by redox shuttle-mediated enzymic oxidation: a new model in lignin biosynthesis I, Plant Cell, 14, 1953, 10.1105/tpc.001487 Noctor, 1998, Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control, Annu Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 49, 249, 10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.249 Vanacker, 1998, Antioxidant defences of the apoplast, Protoplasma, 205, 129, 10.1007/BF01279303 Pignocchi C, Fletcher JM, Wilkinson JE, Barnes J, Foyer CH: The function of ascorbate oxidase (AO) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Plant Physiol 2003, 132:in press. Sanmartin M, Drogouti PD, Lyons T, Barnes J, Kanellis AK: Over-expression of ascorbate oxidase in the apoplast of transgenic tobacco results in altered ascorbate and glutathione redox states and increased sensitivity to ozone. Planta 2003, in press. Burkey, 2003, Factors that affect leaf extracellular ascorbic acid content and redox status, Physiol. Plant, 117, 51, 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.1170106.x Smirnoff, 1996, The function and metabolism of ascorbic acid in plants, Ann. Bot., 78, 661, 10.1006/anbo.1996.0175 Smirnoff, 2000, Ascorbic acid in plants: biosynthesis and function, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 19, 267, 10.1016/S0735-2689(00)80005-2 Sandermann, 1998, Ozone: an abiotic elicitor of plant defense reactions, Trends Plant Sci., 3, 47, 10.1016/S1360-1385(97)01162-X Kangasjarvi, 1994, Plant defence systems induced by ozone, Plant Cell Environ, 17, 783, 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00173.x Lamb, 1997, The oxidative burst in plant disease resistance, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 48, 251, 10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.251 Vanacker, 1998, Pathogen-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the apoplast in barley leaves, Plant Physiol., 117, 1103, 10.1104/pp.117.3.1103 Kerk, 1995, A biochemical model for the initiation and maintenance of the quiescent centre: implication for organization of root meristems, Development, 121, 2825, 10.1242/dev.121.9.2825 Pastori, 2003, Leaf vitamin C contents modulate plant defense transcripts and regulate genes controlling development through hormone signaling, Plant Cell, 15, 1212, 10.1105/tpc.010538 Noctor, 2000, Peroxide processing in photosynthesis: antioxidant coupling and redox signalling, Phil. Trans R Soc Lond. B, 355, 1465, 10.1098/rstb.2000.0707 Desikan, 2001, Regulation of the Arabidopsis transcriptome by oxidative stress, Plant Physiol., 127, 159, 10.1104/pp.127.1.159 Veljovic-Jovanovic, 2001, Low ascorbic acid in the vtc-1 mutant of Arabidopsis is associated with decreased growth and intracellular redistribution of the antioxidant system, Plant Physiol., 127, 426, 10.1104/pp.010141 Conklin, 1997, l-ascorbic acid metabolism in the ascorbate-deficient Arabidopsis mutant vtc1, Plant Physiol., 115, 1277, 10.1104/pp.115.3.1277 Foyer, 1976, The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplasts: a proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism, Planta, 133, 21, 10.1007/BF00386001 Horemans, 2000, Transport and action of ascorbate at the plant plasma membrane, Trends Plant Sci., 5, 263, 10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01649-6 Gonzalez-Reyes, 1994, Nutrient-uptake changes in ascorbate free radical-stimulated onion roots, Plant Physiol., 104, 271, 10.1104/pp.104.1.271 Lin, 1991, Expression of ascorbate oxidase in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), Plant Physiol., 96, 159, 10.1104/pp.96.1.159 Hidalgo, 1989, Ascorbate free radical enhances vacuolisation in onion root meristems, Plant Cell Environ., 12, 455, 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1989.tb01962.x Liso, 1988, Ascorbic acid-induced progression of quiescent centre cells from G1 to S phase, New Phytol., 110, 469, 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb00284.x Takahama, 1994, Changes induced by abscisic acid and light in the redox state of ascorbate in the apoplast of epicotyls of Vigna angularis, Plant Cell Physiol., 35, 975 Potters, 2000, Ascorbate and dehydroascorbate influence cell cycle progression in a tobacco cell suspension, Plant Physiol., 124, 17, 10.1104/pp.124.1.17 Kovtun, 2000, Functional analysis of oxidative stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in plants, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97, 2940, 10.1073/pnas.97.6.2940 Joo, 2001, Role of auxin-induced reactive oxygen species in root gravitropism, Plant Physiol., 126, 1055, 10.1104/pp.126.3.1055 Schopfer, 2002, Evidence that hydroxyl radicals mediate auxin-induced extension growth, Planta, 214, 821, 10.1007/s00425-001-0699-8 De Pinto, 1999, The redox state of the ascorbate-dehydroascorbate pair as a specific sensor of cell division in tobacco BY-2 cells, Protoplasma, 209, 90, 10.1007/BF01415704 Mehdy, 1994, Active oxygen species in plant defence against pathogens, Plant Physiol., 105, 467, 10.1104/pp.105.2.467 Wojtaszek, 1997, Oxidative burst: an early response to pathogen infection, Biochem. J., 322, 681, 10.1042/bj3220681 Foyer, 1997, Hydrogen peroxide- and glutathione-associated mechanisms of acclimatory stress tolerance and signalling, Physiol. Plant, 100, 241, 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb04780.x Durner, 1998, Defence gene induction in tobacco by nitric oxide, cyclic GMP, and cyclic ADP-ribose, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95, 10328, 10.1073/pnas.95.17.10328 Ohashi, 1987, Induction and secretion of pathogenesis-related proteins by salicylate or plant hormones in tobacco suspension cultures, Plant Cell Physiol., 28, 573 Conklin, 1996, Environmental stress tolerance of an ascorbic acid-deficient Arabidopsis mutant, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 93, 9970, 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9970 Takahama, 1993, Redox state of ascorbic acid in the apoplast of stems of Kalanchoë daigremontiana, Physiol. Plant, 89, 791, 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb05286.x Pei, 2000, Calcium channels activated by hydrogen peroxide mediate abscisic acid signalling in guard cells, Nature, 406, 731, 10.1038/35021067 Murata, 2001, Abscisic acid activation of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels in guard cells requires cytosolic NAD(P)H and is differentially disrupted upstream and downstream of reactive oxygen species production in abi1-1 and abi2-1 protein phosphatase 2C mutants, Plant Cell, 13, 2513, 10.1105/tpc.13.11.2513 Rodriguez, 2002, Reactive oxygen species in the elongation zone of maize leaves are necessary for leaf extension, Plant Physiol., 129, 1627, 10.1104/pp.001222 Esaka, 1998, Gene expression and function of ascorbate oxidase in higher plants, Rec. Res. Dev. Phytochem., 2, 315 Turcsányi, 2000, Does ascorbate in the mesophyll cell walls form the first line of defence against ozone? Testing the concept using broad bean (Vicia faba L.), J. Exp. Bot., 51, 901, 10.1093/jexbot/51.346.901 Kato, 2000, Expansion of transgenic tobacco protoplasts expressing pumpkin ascorbate oxidase is more rapid than that of wild type protoplasts, Planta, 210, 1018, 10.1007/s004250050712 Venis MA, Napier RM: Auxin perception and signal transduction. In Signal Transduction in Plants. Edited by Aducci P. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag Basel; 1997:45-63. Quail, 1995, Phytochromes: photosensory perception and signal transduction, Science, 268, 675, 10.1126/science.7732376 Smith, 1982, Light quality, photoperception, and plant strategy, Annu Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 33, 481, 10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.002405 Bowler C: The transduction of light signals by phytochrome. In Signal Transduction in Plants. Edited by Aducci P. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag Basel; 1997:137-152. Leaper, 1989, Phytochrome control of the accumulation and rate of synthesis of ascorbate oxidase in mustard cotyledons, Plant Sci., 64, 79, 10.1016/0168-9452(89)90154-4 Giraudat, 1995, Abscisic acid signalling, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 7, 232, 10.1016/0955-0674(95)80033-6 Cleland RE: How hormones work. Auxin and cell elongation. In Plant Hormones and their Role in Plant Growth and Development. Edited by Davies PJ. Lancaster, UK: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group; 1987:132-148. Chen, 2001, ABP1 is required for organised cell elongation and division in Arabidopsis embryogenesis, Genes Dev., 15, 902, 10.1101/gad.866201 Pignocchi C: Establishing the functional significance of ascorbate oxidase in planta. PhD thesis. University of Newcastle, 2002. Barbier-Brygoo, 1989, Functional evidence for an auxin receptor at the plasmalemma of tobacco mesophyll protoplasts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 86, 891, 10.1073/pnas.86.3.891 Gilroy, 1994, Perception of gibberellin and abscisic acid at the external face of the plasma membrane of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) aleurone protoplasts, Plant Physiol., 104, 1185, 10.1104/pp.104.4.1185 Depège, 2003, Role of chloroplast protein kinase Stt7 in LHCII phosphorylation and state transition in Chlamydomonas, Science, 299, 1572, 10.1126/science.1081397 Drozdowicz, 1995, Hormonal regulation of organic and phosphoric acid release by barley aleurone layers and scutella, Plant Physiol., 108, 769, 10.1104/pp.108.2.769 Beligni, 2002, Nitric oxide acts as an antioxidant and delays programmed cell death in barley aleurone layers, Plant Physiol., 129, 1642, 10.1104/pp.002337 Meyer C, Stoehr C: Soluble and plasma membrane-bound enzymes involved in nitrate and nitrite metabolism. In Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism, vol. 12. Edited by Foyer CH, Noctor G. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2002:49-62. Schulze-Lefert, 2000, Closing ranks to attack by powdery mildew, Trends Plant Sci., 5, 343, 10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01683-6 Pifanelli, 2002, The barley MOL modulator of defense and cell death is responsive to biotic and abiotic stimuli, Plant Physiol., 120, 1076, 10.1104/pp.010954 Kohler, 2003, Control of guard cell ion channels by hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid indicates their action through alternate signaling pathways, Plant Physiol., 131, 385, 10.1104/pp.016014