Rare earth element geochemistry of oceanic ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta - Tập 45 - Trang 513-528 - 1981
H Elderfield1, C.J Hawkesworth1, M.J Greaves1
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Addy, 1979, Rare earth element patterns in manganese nodules from northwest Atlantic, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 43, 1105, 10.1016/0016-7037(79)90097-8 Arrhenius, 1965, Neptunism and volcanism in the oceans, Progr. Oceanogr., 3, 7, 10.1016/0079-6611(65)90005-4 Arrhenius, 1957, Localization of radioactive and stable heavy nuclides in ocean sediments, Nature, 180, 85, 10.1038/180085a0 Bender, 1972, Mechanisms of trace metal removal from the oceans, 73 Bender, 1971, Geochemistry of three cores from the East Pacific Rise, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 12, 425, 10.1016/0012-821X(71)90028-8 Bernat, 1975, Les isotopes de l'uranium et du thorium et les terresrares dans l'environment marin, Cah. ORSTOM. Ser Geol., 7, 65 Berner, 1973, Phosphate removed from seawater by adsorption on volcanogenic ferric oxides, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 18, 77, 10.1016/0012-821X(73)90037-X Burns, 1965, Formation of cobalt (III) in the amorphous FeOOH. nH2O phase of manganese nodules, Nature, 205, 999, 10.1038/205999a0 Burns, 1977, Mineralogy, 185 Burns, 1978, Post-depositional metal enrichment processes inside manganese nodules from the North Equatorial Pacific, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 39, 341, 10.1016/0012-821X(78)90020-1 Calvert, 1978, Geochemistry of oceanic ferromanganese deposits, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 290, 43, 10.1098/rsta.1978.0072 Calvert, 1970, Composition of manganese nodules and manganese carbonates from Loch Fyne, Scotland, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 29, 215, 10.1007/BF00373306 Calvert, 1977, Geochemical variation in ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments from the Pacific Ocean, Mar. Chem., 5, 43, 10.1016/0304-4203(77)90014-7 Calvert, 1977, Shal'ow water. continental margin and lacustrine nodules: distribution and geochemistry, 45 Calvert, 1978, Relationship between ferromanganese nodule compositions and sedimentation in a small survey area of the equatorial Pacific, J. Mar. Res., 36, 161 Coryell, 1963, A procedure for geochcmical interpretation of terrestrial rare-earth abundance patterns, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 559, 10.1029/JZ068i002p00559 Dymond, 1978, A microprobe study of metalliferous sediment components, Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 40, 243, 10.1016/0012-821X(78)90094-8 Ehrlich, 1968, Rare-earth abundances in manganese nodules, 225 Elderfield, 1976, 48 Elderfield, 1977, The form of manganese and iron in marine sediments, 269 Flanagan, 1973, 1972 values for international geochemical reference samples, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 37, 1189, 10.1016/0016-7037(73)90055-0 Fomina, 1966, Accumulation and redistribution of rare-earth elements during formation of iron-manganese concretions in the ocean, Dokl. Akad. Naut. SSSR, 170, 1181 Glasby, 1973, Mechanisms of enrichment of the rarer elements in marine manganese nodules, Mar. Chem., 1, 105, 10.1016/0304-4203(73)90010-8 Goldberg, 1954, Marine geochemistry, I. Chemical scavengers of the sea, J. Geol., 62, 249, 10.1086/626161 Goldberg, 1961, Chemistry in the Oceans, Vol. 67, 583 Goldberg, 1963, Rare earth distributions in the marine environment, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 4209, 10.1029/JZ068i014p04209 Greenslate, 1973, Origin and deposition of selected transition elements in the seabed, 45 Høgdahl, 1968, Neutron activation analysis of lanthanide elements in sea water, Adv. Chem. Ser., 73, 308, 10.1021/ba-1968-0073.ch019 Hooker, 1975, Determination of rare-earth elements in USGS standard rocks by mixed-solvent ion exchange and massspectrometric isotope dilution, Chem. Geol., 16, 189, 10.1016/0009-2541(75)90027-3 Horn, 1972, Ferromanganese deposits of the North Pacific, 31 Lyle, 1977, Coppernickel enriched ferromanganese nodules and associated crusts from the Bauer Deep, NW Nazca Plate, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 35, 55, 10.1016/0012-821X(77)90028-0 McArthur, 1977, Metal accumulation rates from mid-Indian ridge and Marie Celeste Fracture Zone, Nature, 266, 437, 10.1038/266437a0 Masuda, 1962, Regularities in variation of relative abundances of lanthanide elements and an attempt to analyze separation index patterns of some minerals, J. Earth Sci. Nagoya Univ., 10, 173 O'Nions, 1977, Variations in 143Nd144Nd and 87Sr86Sr ratios in oceanic basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 34, 13, 10.1016/0012-821X(77)90100-5 O'Nions, 1978, Pb, Nd and Sr isotopes in oceanic ferromanganese deposits and ocean floor basalts, Nature, 273, 435, 10.1038/273435a0 Piepgras, 1979, The isotopic composition of Nd in different ocean masses, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 45, 223, 10.1016/0012-821X(79)90125-0 Piper, 1974, Rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules and other marine phases, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 38, 1007, 10.1016/0016-7037(74)90002-7 Piper, 1974, Rare earth elements in the sedimentary cycle: a summary, Chem. Geol., 14, 285, 10.1016/0009-2541(74)90066-7 Piper, 1974, Gold and rare-earth elements in sediments from the East Pacific Rise, Marine Geol., 17, 287, 10.1016/0025-3227(74)90092-9 Piper, 1975, An iron-rich deposit from the northeast Pacific, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 26, 114, 10.1016/0012-821X(75)90183-1 Price, 1970, Compositional variation in Pacific Ocean ferromanganese nodules and its relationship to sediment accumulation rates, Mar. Geol., 9, 145, 10.1016/0025-3227(70)90012-5 Rankin, 1979, Regional distribution of rare earth and minor elements in manganese nodules and associated sediments in the southwest Pacific and other localities, Vol. 9, 681 Sillen, 1961, The physical chemistry of sea water, Vol. 67, 549 Spirn, 1965, Rare earth distributions in the marine environment, 165 Sugihara, 1962, Radioactive rare earths from fallout for study of particle movement in the sea, 57 Taylor, 1972, Rare earths (lanthanide series), 1020 Turekian, 1973, Trace element trapping in pteropod tests, Limnol. Oceanogr., 18, 240, 10.4319/lo.1973.18.2.0240 Turner, 1979, Control of sea water composition, Nature, 281, 468, 10.1038/281468a0