Consequences of variation in male harem size to population persistence: Modeling poaching and extinction risk of Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris)

Barlow, 2009, Temporal variation in Tiger (Panthera tigris) populations and its implications for monitoring, J. Mammal., 90, 472, 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1 Caswell, 2001 Chapron, 2008, The impact on tigers of poaching versus prey depletion, J. Appl. Ecol., 45, 1667, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01538.x Check, 2006, The tiger’s retreat, Nature, 441, 927, 10.1038/441927a 2005 Crouse, 1987, A stage-based population model for loggerhead sea turtles and implications for conservation, Ecology, 68, 1412, 10.2307/1939225 Damania, 2003, The economics of protecting tiger populations: linking household behavior to poaching and prey depletion, Land Econ., 79, 198, 10.2307/3146867 Damodaran, 2007, The Project Tiger crisis in India: moving away from the policy and economics of selectivity, Environmental Values, 16, 61, 10.3197/096327107780160328 Damodaran, 2009, Risk management instruments for debt driven conservation efforts: the case of India’s Project Tiger, Ecol. Econ., 68, 625, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.09.001 Ferrière, 1996, Matrix population models applied to viability analysis and conservation: theory and practice using the ULM software, Acta Oecologica, 17, 629 Gittleman, 2001 Gupta, S., 2010. More Needs to be Done for Tiger Conservation: Jairam Ramesh. TopNews. <http://www.topnews.in/more-needs-be-done-tiger-conservation-jairam-ramesh-2252594>. Harris, 1963 IUCN, 2000. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, IUCN Publications Unit, Cambridge. 2008, 83 Johnsingh, 2005, Tiger conservation in India: the past, present and the future, Indian Forest., 131, 1279 Johnsingh, 2003, Status of tiger and leopard in Rajaji–Corbett conservation unit, Northern India Biol. Conserv., 111, 385, 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00307-5 Johnsingh, A.J.T., Ramesh, K., Qureshi, Q., David, A., Goyal, S.P., Rawat, G.S., Rajapandian, K., Prasad, S., 2004. Conservation status of tiger and associated species in the Terai Arc Landscape, India. RR-04/001, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, pp. viii+110. Karanth, 1999, Prey depletion as a critical determinant of tiger population viability, 100 Karanth, 1999, Long term monitoring of tigers: lessons from Nagaraholé, 114 Karanth, 2004, Tigers and their prey: predicting carnivore densities from prey abundance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 4854, 10.1073/pnas.0306210101 Karanth, 2004, Estimation of tiger densities in the tropical dry forests of Panna, Central India, using photographic capture–recapture sampling, Anim. Conserv., 7, 285, 10.1017/S1367943004001477 Kenney, 1995, The long-term effects of tiger poaching on population viability, Conservation Biology, 9, 1127, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051116.x-i1 Kerley, 2003, Reproductive parameters of wild female Amur (Siberian) tigers (Panthera tigris altaica), J. Mammal., 84, 288, 10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0288:RPOWFA>2.0.CO;2 Kirkpatrick, 2010, Killing tigers to save them: fallacies of the farming argument, Conserv. Biol., 24, 655, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01468.x Lande, 2003 Lefkovitch, 1965, The study of population growth in organisms grouped by stages, Biometrics, 21, 1, 10.2307/2528348 Legendre, 2004, Age structure, mating system, and population viability, 41 Legendre, 1995, ULM, a software for conservation and evolutionary biologists, Journal of Applied Statistics, 22, 817, 10.1080/02664769524649 Legendre, 1999, Demographic stochasticity and social mating system in the process of extinction of small populations: the case of passerines introduced to New Zealand, Am. Nat., 153, 449, 10.1086/303195 Lindzey, 1994, Cougar population dynamics in southern Utah, J. Wildlife Manage., 58, 619, 10.2307/3809674 Lindzey, 1992, Cougar population response to Utah, Wildlife Soc. Bull., 20, 224 Mills, 1994 Miquelle, 1999, Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey, 71 Mountfort, 1981 Nowell, 2000 Nowell, 2007 Panwar, 1982, What to do when you’ve succeeded: project tiger ten years later, Ambio, 11, 330 Ranganathan, 2008, Where can tigers persist in the future? A landscape-scale, density-based population model for the Indian subcontinent, Biol. Conserv., 141, 67, 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.09.003 Sanderson, E., Forrest, J., Loucks, C., Ginsberg, J., Dinerstein, E., Seidensticker, J., Leimgruber, P., Songer, M., Heydlauff, A., O’Brien, T., Bryja, G., Klenzendorf, S. and Wikramanayake, E., 2006. Setting Priorities for the Conservation and Recovery of Wild Tigers: 2005–2015. The Technical Assessment. WCS, WWF, Smithsonian and NFWF-STF, New York-Washington DC, USA. 1999 Sunquist, 1981, The social organization of tigers (Panthera tigris) in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 336, 1, 10.5479/si.00810282.336 Smith, 1991, The contribution of variance in lifetime reproduction to effective population-size in tigers, Conserv. Biol., 5, 484, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00355.x Swenson, 2003, Implications of sexually selected infanticide for hunting of large carnivores, 171 Wikramanayake, 1999, People, tiger habitat availability, and linkages for the tiger’s future, 255