Cerebral perfusion changes in chronic dizziness: A single-photon emission computed tomography study

Roussel, 2013, Central sensitization and altered central pain processing in chronic low back pain: fact or myth?, Clin. J. Pain, 29, 625, 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31826f9a71 Langguth, 2013, Tinnitus: causes and clinical management, Lancet Neurol., 12, 920, 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70160-1 Popkirov, 2018, Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): a common, characteristic and treatable cause of chronic dizziness, Pract. Neurol., 18, 5, 10.1136/practneurol-2017-001809 Deveze, 2014, Vestibular compensation and vestibular rehabilitation. Current concepts and new trends, Neurophysiol. Clin., 44, 49, 10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.138 Kitahara, 1997, Role of the flocculus in the development of vestibular compensation: immunohistochemical studies with retrograde tracing and flocculectomy using Fos expression as a marker in the rat brainstem, Neuroscience, 76, 571, 10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00374-0 Sacco, 1993, Wallenberg’s lateral medullary syndrome. Clinical-magnetic resonance imaging correlations, Arch. Neurol., 50, 609, 10.1001/archneur.1993.00540060049016 Kim, 2003, Pure lateral medullary infarction: clinical-radiological correlation of 130 acute, consecutive patients, Brain, 126, 1864, 10.1093/brain/awg169 Nelles, 1998, Recovery following lateral medullary infarction, Neurology, 50, 1418, 10.1212/WNL.50.5.1418 Amari, 2016, Spontaneous, headshaking, and positional nystagmus in post-lateral medullary infarction dizziness, J. Neurol. Sci., 368, 249, 10.1016/j.jns.2016.07.019 Johkura, 2018, Effects of cerebellar magnetic stimulation on chronic post-lateral medullary infarction dizziness: a proof-of-principle cohort study, J. Neurol. Sci., 392, 56, 10.1016/j.jns.2018.07.007 Choi, 2007, Head-shaking nystagmus in lateral medullary infarction: patterns and possible mechanisms, Neurology, 68, 1337, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000260224.60943.c2 Becker-Bense, 2013, Vestibular compensation in acute unilateral medullary infarction: FDG-PET study, Neurology, 80, 1103, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828868a6 Staab, 2017, Diagnostic criteria for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): consensus document of the committee for the classification of vestibular disorders of the Bárány society, J. Vestib. Res., 27, 191, 10.3233/VES-170622 Jacobson, 1990, The development of the dizziness handicap inventory, Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 116, 424, 10.1001/archotol.1990.01870040046011 Brandt, 1996, Phobic postural vertigo, Neurology, 46, 1515, 10.1212/WNL.46.6.1515 Bronstein, 1995, Visual vertigo syndrome: clinical and posturography findings, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 59, 472, 10.1136/jnnp.59.5.472 Staab, 2004, A prospective trial of sertraline for chronic subjective dizziness, Laryngoscope, 114, 1637, 10.1097/00005537-200409000-00025 Jacob, 2009, Space and motion discomfort and abnormal balance control in patients with anxiety disorders, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 80, 74, 10.1136/jnnp.2007.136432 Matsuda, 2007, Automated discrimination between very early Alzheimer disease and controls using an easy Z-score imaging system for multicenter brain perfusion single-photon emission tomography, AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., 28, 731 Mizumura, 2006, Stereotactic statistical imaging analysis of the brain using the easy Z-score imaging system for sharing a normal database, Radiat. Med., 24, 545, 10.1007/s11604-006-0056-8 Friston, 1997, Analyzing brain images: principles and overview, 25 Kanetaka, 2004, Effects of partial volume correction on discrimination between very early Alzheimer’s dementia and controls using brain perfusion SPECT, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 31, 975, 10.1007/s00259-004-1491-3 Bense, 2004, Metabolic changes in vestibular and visual cortices in acute vestibular neuritis, Ann. Neurol., 56, 624, 10.1002/ana.20244 Dieterich, 2003, Dominance for vestibular cortical function in the non-dominant hemisphere, Cereb. Cortex, 13, 994, 10.1093/cercor/13.9.994 Brandt, 1998, Reciprocal inhibitory visual-vestibular interaction. Visual motion stimulation deactivates the parieto-insular vestibular cortex, Brain, 121, 1749, 10.1093/brain/121.9.1749 Dieterich, 2008, Functional brain imaging of peripheral and central vestibular disorders, Brain, 131, 2538, 10.1093/brain/awn042 Lee, 2018, Altered brain function in persistent postural perceptual dizziness: a study on resting state functional connectivity, Hum. Brain Mapp., 39, 3340, 10.1002/hbm.24080 Na, 2019, Cerebral perfusion abnormalities in patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): a SPECT study, J. Neural Transm. (Vienna), 126, 123, 10.1007/s00702-018-1948-3 Epstein, 1998, A cortical representation of the local visual environment, Nature, 392, 598, 10.1038/33402 Bisdorff, 2009, Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders, J. Vestib. Res., 19, 1, 10.3233/VES-2009-0343 Kringelbach, 2005, The human orbitofrontal cortex: linking reward to hedonic experience, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 6, 691, 10.1038/nrn1747 Ongür, 2000, The organization of networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys and humans, Cereb. Cortex, 10, 206, 10.1093/cercor/10.3.206 Indovina, 2015, Role of the insula and vestibular system in patients with chronic subjective dizziness: an fMRI study using sound-evoked vestibular stimulation, Front. Behav. Neurosci., 9, 334, 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00334 Baxter, 1987, Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A comparison with rates in unipolar depression and in normal controls, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 44, 211, 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800150017003 Chavanne, 2021, The overlapping neurobiology of induced and pathological anxiety: a Meta-analysis of functional neural activation, Am. J. Psychiatry, 178, 156, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19111153 Jeon, 2020, Neural correlates of transient mal de Debarquement syndrome: activation of prefrontal and deactivation of cerebellar networks correlate with neuropsychological assessment, Front. Neurol., 11, 585, 10.3389/fneur.2020.00585