Prostanoids as pharmacological targets in COPD and asthma

Abramovitz, 1994, Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human prostanoid FP receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 2632, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41991-0

Aizawa, 1996, BAY u3405, a thromboxane A2 antagonist, reduces bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatics, Chest, 109, 338, 10.1378/chest.109.2.338

Arakida, 1998, Binding of YM158, a new dual antagonist for leukotriene D4 and thromboxane A2 receptors, to guinea pig lung membranes, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 362, 229, 10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00779-1

Arakida, 1998, In vitro pharmacologic profile of YM158, a new dual antagonist for LTD4 and TXA2 receptors, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 287, 633

Arakida, 2000, Effect of YM158, a dual lipid mediator antagonist, on immediate and late asthmatic responses, and on airway hyper-responsiveness in guinea pigs, Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 82, 287, 10.1254/jjp.82.287

Arakida, 2000, In vivo pharmacologic profile of YM158, a new dual antagonist for leukotriene D4 and thromboxane A2 receptors, Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 83, 63, 10.1254/jjp.83.63

Ashida, 1989, A novel anti-asthmatic quinone derivative, AA-2414 with a potent antagonistic activity against a variety of spasmogenic prostanoids, Prostaglandins, 38, 91, 10.1016/0090-6980(89)90019-1

Awad, 1993, Identification of non-cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoid (F2-isoprostane) metabolites in human urine and plasma, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 4161, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53593-6

Bachert, 2002, Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. In collaboration with the World Health Organization. Executive summary of the workshop report. 7–10 December 1999, Geneva, Switzerland, Allergy, 57, 841, 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.23625.x

Barnes, 2000, Mechanisms in COPD: differences from asthma, Chest, 117, 10S, 10.1378/chest.117.2_suppl.10S

Barnes, 2004, Mediators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Pharmacol. Rev., 56, 515, 10.1124/pr.56.4.2

Barnes, 1998, Inflammatory mediators of asthma: an update, Pharmacol. Rev., 50, 515

Boie, 1994, Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human prostanoid IP receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 12173, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32697-2

Boie, 1995, Molecular cloning and characterization of the human prostanoid DP receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 18910, 10.1074/jbc.270.32.18910

Bos, 2004, Prostanoids and prostanoid receptors in signal transduction, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 36, 1187, 10.1016/j.biocel.2003.08.006

Bousquet, 2000, Asthma. From bronchoconstriction to airways inflammation and remodeling, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 161, 1720, 10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9903102

Bousquet, 2004, European Union meets the challenge of the growing importance of allergy and asthma in Europe, Allergy, 59, 1, 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00425.x

Breyer, 2001, Prostanoid receptors: subtypes and signaling, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 41, 661, 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.661

Calhoun, 1992, Enhanced superoxide production by alveolar macrophages and air-space cells, airway inflammation, and alveolar macrophage density changes after segmental antigen bronchoprovocation in allergic subjects, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 145, 317, 10.1164/ajrccm/145.2_Pt_1.317

Capra, 2003, Thromboxane prostanoid receptor in human airway smooth muscle cells: a relevant role in proliferation, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 474, 149, 10.1016/S0014-2999(03)02014-4

Cardoso, 2002, Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]thieno[2,3-d]pyridine acid derivatives: a new class of anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet agents, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 9, 10.1016/S0960-894X(01)00651-5

Castellani, 1997, Increased renal formation of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha in heart failure, Am. Heart J., 133, 94, 10.1016/S0002-8703(97)70253-9

Chesnutt, 2002, Management of asthma exacerbations, Clin. Cornerstone, 4, 1, 10.1016/S1098-3597(02)90032-3

Coleman, 1989, Prostanoid-induced contraction of human bronchial smooth muscle is mediated by TP-receptors, Br. J. Pharmacol., 96, 688, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11869.x

Coleman, 1994, International Union of Pharmacology classification of prostanoid receptors: properties, distribution, and structure of the receptors and their subtypes, Pharmacol. Rev., 46, 205

Davi, 1997, Enhanced thromboxane biosynthesis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis and Haemostasis Study Group, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 156, 1794, 10.1164/ajrccm.156.6.9706026

Davis, 2004, EP4 prostanoid receptor-mediated vasodilatation of human middle cerebral arteries, Br. J. Pharmacol., 141, 580, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705645

Demoly, 1997, Prostaglandin H synthase 1 and 2 immunoreactivities in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatics, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 155, 670, 10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032211

Devillier, 1997, Thromboxane A2 and related prostaglandins in airways, Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol., 11, 2, 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1997.tb00163.x

Dogne, 2002, Thromboxane A2 inhibition: therapeutic potential in bronchial asthma, Am. J. Respir. Medicine, 1, 11, 10.1007/BF03257158

Dogne, 2002, Therapeutic potential of thromboxane inhibitors in asthma, Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 11, 275, 10.1517/13543784.11.2.275

Dogne, 2004, New developments on thromboxane and prostacyclin modulators part I: thromboxane modulators, Curr. Med. Chem., 11, 1223, 10.2174/0929867043365260

Dorn, 1993, Thromboxane A2 stimulated signal transduction in vascular smooth muscle, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 265, 447

Dubois, 1998, Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease, FASEB J., 12, 1063, 10.1096/fasebj.12.12.1063

Dworski, 1999, Allergen-induced synthesis of F(2)-isoprostanes in atopic asthmatics. Evidence for oxidant stress, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 160, 1947, 10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9903064

Dworski, 2001, Assessment of oxidant stress in allergic asthma by measurement of the major urinary metabolite of F2-isoprostane, 15-F2t-IsoP (8-iso-PGF2alpha), Clin. Exp. Allergy, 31, 387, 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01055.x

Emery, 1989, Prostaglandin D2 causes accumulation of eosinophils in the lumen of the dog trachea, J. Appl. Physiol., 67, 959, 10.1152/jappl.1989.67.3.959

Fish, 1984, Modulation of the bronchomotor effects of chemical mediators by prostaglandin F2 alpha in asthmatic subjects, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 130, 571

FitzGerald, 2001, The coxibs, selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2, N. Engl. J. Med., 345, 433, 10.1056/NEJM200108093450607

Francis, 1991, The thromboxane receptor antagonist BAY u3405 reverses prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)-induced bronchoconstriction in the anaesthetised guinea pig, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 629, 399, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37996.x

Fujimura, 1986, Effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) and a lipoxygenase inhibitor (AA-861) on bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine in asthmatic subjects, Thorax, 41, 955, 10.1136/thx.41.12.955

Fujimura, 1988, Secondary release of thromboxane A2 in aerosol leukotriene C4-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, Prostaglandins, 35, 427, 10.1016/0090-6980(88)90133-5

Fujimura, 1990, Effects of aerosol administration of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) on bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine in asthmatic subjects, Chest, 98, 276, 10.1378/chest.98.2.276

Fujimura, 1990, Attenuating effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) on bronchial responsiveness to methacholine is specific to bronchial asthma, Chest, 98, 656, 10.1378/chest.98.3.656

Fukunaga, 1993, Evidence for the existence of F2-isoprostane receptors on rat vascular smooth muscle cells, Am. J. Physiol., 264, C1619, 10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.6.C1619

Gardiner, 1986, Characterization of prostanoid relaxant/inhibitory receptors (psi) using a highly selective agonist, TR4979, Br. J. Pharmacol., 87, 45, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1986.tb10155.x

Gervais, 2005, Identification of a potent and selective synthetic agonist at the CRTH2 receptor, Mol. Pharmacol., 67, 1834, 10.1124/mol.104.009068

Hall, 2000, Second messengers, ion channels and pharmacology of airway smooth muscle, Eur. Respir. J., 15, 1120, 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.01523.x

Hamberg, 1975, Thromboxanes: a new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 72, 2994, 10.1073/pnas.72.8.2994

Hardy, 1984, The bronchoconstrictor effect of inhaled prostaglandin D2 in normal and asthmatic men, N. Engl. J. Med., 311, 209, 10.1056/NEJM198407263110401

Hata, 2004, Pharmacology and signaling of prostaglandin receptors: multiple roles in inflammation and immune modulation, Pharmacol. Ther., 103, 147, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.06.003

Hata, 2005, Structural determinants of arylacetic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs necessary for binding and activation of the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2, Mol. Pharmacol., 67, 640, 10.1124/mol.104.007971

Hebert, 1998, Prostanoid signaling, localization, and expression of IP receptors in rat thick ascending limb cells, Am. J. Physiol., 275, F904

Higgs, 1983, The source of thromboxane and prostaglandins in experimental inflammation, Br. J. Pharmacol., 79, 863, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb10530.x

Hirai, 2001, Prostaglandin D2 selectively induces chemotaxis in T helper type 2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils via seven-transmembrane receptor CRTH2, J. Exp. Med., 193, 255, 10.1084/jem.193.2.255

Hirai, 2002, Cutting edge: agonistic effect of indomethacin on a prostaglandin D2 receptor, CRTH2, J. Immunol., 168, 981, 10.4049/jimmunol.168.3.981

Hirata, 1991, Cloning and expression of cDNA for a human thromboxane A2 receptor, Nature, 349, 617, 10.1038/349617a0

Hirata, 1996, Two thromboxane A2 receptor isoforms in human platelets. Opposite coupling to adenylyl cyclase with different sensitivity to Arg60 to Leu mutation, J. Clin. Invest., 97, 949, 10.1172/JCI118518

Huang, 2004, Cell signalling through thromboxane A2 receptors, Cell. Signal., 16, 521, 10.1016/j.cellsig.2003.10.008

Imai, 1991, The effect of a specific thromboxane A2 antagonist, AA-2414 on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure in dogs, Arerugi, 40, 28

Ishitsuka, 2004, Involvement of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in the early stages of oleic acid-induced lung injury and the preventive effect of ozagrel, a TXA2 synthase inhibitor, in guinea-pigs, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 56, 513, 10.1211/0022357023150

Ishizuka, 2004, Ramatroban (BAY u 3405): a novel dual antagonist of TXA2 receptor and CRTh2, a newly identified prostaglandin D2 receptor, Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 22, 71, 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2004.tb00132.x

Itoh, 1998, Clinical effects of sodium ozagrel and urokinase in patients with acute cerebral infarction in the territory of the internal carotid artery, No To Shinkei, 50, 147

Iwamoto, 1995, Effect of a selective thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist BAY u3405 on antigen-, leukotriene C4- and leukotriene D4-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 108, 68, 10.1159/000237120

Jaffar, 2002, A key role for prostaglandin I2 in limiting lung mucosal Th2, but not Th1, responses to inhaled allergen, J. Immunol., 169, 5997, 10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5997

Janssen, 2001, Isoprostanes: an overview and putative roles in pulmonary pathophysiology, Am. J. Physiol., Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 280, L1067, 10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.6.L1067

Janssen, 2000, Excitatory and inhibitory actions of isoprostanes in human and canine airway smooth muscle, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 295, 506

Janssen, 2001, Vasoconstrictor actions of isoprostanes via tyrosine kinase and Rho kinase in human and canine pulmonary vascular smooth muscles, Br. J. Pharmacol., 132, 127, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703784

Janssen, 2005, The pulmonary biology of isoprostanes, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 7, 244, 10.1089/ars.2005.7.244

Jeffery, 1998, Structural and inflammatory changes in COPD: a comparison with asthma, Thorax, 53, 129, 10.1136/thx.53.2.129

Ji, 1998, G protein-coupled receptors. I. Diversity of receptor–ligand interactions, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 17299, 10.1074/jbc.273.28.17299

Jones, 1992, Effect of an inhaled thromboxane mimetic (U46619) on airway function in human subjects, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 145, 1270, 10.1164/ajrccm/145.6.1270

Kabashima, 2003, The DP receptor, allergic inflammation and asthma, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids, 69, 187, 10.1016/S0952-3278(03)00080-2

Kawikova, 1996, 8-Epi-PGF2 alpha, a novel noncyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandin, constricts airways in vitro, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 153, 590, 10.1164/ajrccm.153.2.8564103

Kinsella, 1997, The human thromboxane A2 receptor alpha isoform (TP alpha) functionally couples to the G proteins Gq and G11 in vivo and is activated by the isoprostane 8-epi prostaglandin F2 alpha, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 281, 957

Kobayashi, 2002, Function of prostanoid receptors: studies on knockout mice, Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 68–69, 557, 10.1016/S0090-6980(02)00055-2

Kochanek, 2004, Deaths: final data for 2002, Natl. Vital. Stat. Rep., 53, 1

Komatsu, 1995, Synthesis of a novel dual inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase and 5-lipoxygenase (E3040) via the direct coupling reaction of hydroquinone with 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 43, 1614, 10.1248/cpb.43.1614

Kumlin, 1992, Urinary excretion of leukotriene E4 and 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 in response to bronchial provocations with allergen, aspirin, leukotriene D4, and histamine in asthmatics, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 146, 96, 10.1164/ajrccm/146.1.96

Kurosawa, 1995, Role of thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitors in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma, Clin. Ther., 17, 2, 10.1016/0149-2918(95)80002-6

Lewis, 1982, Prostaglandin D2 generation after activation of rat and human mast cells with anti-IgE, J. Immunol., 129, 1627, 10.4049/jimmunol.129.4.1627

Magnussen, 1992, Effects of a thromboxane-receptor antagonist, BAY u 3405, on prostaglandin D2- and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 89, 1119, 10.1016/0091-6749(92)90295-D

Mathiesen, 2005, Identification of indole derivatives exclusively interfering with a G protein-independent signaling pathway of the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2, Mol. Pharmacol., 68, 393, 10.1124/mol.104.010520

Matsumoto, 1993, Inhibition of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness by a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist (AA-2414) in Ascaris suum-allergic dogs, Prostaglandins, 46, 301, 10.1016/0090-6980(93)90096-P

Matsumoto, 1994, Pharmacological modulation of immediate and late airway response and leukocyte infiltration in the guinea pig, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 269, 1236

Matsuoka, 2000, Prostaglandin D2 as a mediator of allergic asthma, Science, 287, 2013, 10.1126/science.287.5460.2013

McKenniff, 1991, BAY u3405, a potent and selective thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist on airway smooth muscle in vitro, Br. J. Pharmacol., 104, 585, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12473.x

Mimura, 2005, Inhibitory effect of the 4-aminotetrahydroquinoline derivatives, selective chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper 2 cell antagonists, on eosinophil migration induced by prostaglandin D2, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 314, 244, 10.1124/jpet.104.081539

Montuschi, 1998, 8-Isoprostane as a biomarker of oxidative stress in interstitial lung diseases, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 158, 1524, 10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9803102

Montuschi, 1999, Increased 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, in exhaled condensate of asthma patients, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 160, 216, 10.1164/ajrccm.160.1.9809140

Montuschi, 2000, Exhaled 8-isoprostane as an in vivo biomarker of lung oxidative stress in patients with COPD and healthy smokers, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 162, 1175, 10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.2001063

Morris, 1980, Radioimmunoassay of thromboxane B2 in plasma of normal and asthmatic subjects, Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res., 8, 1759

Morrow, 1996, The isoprostanes. Current knowledge and directions for future research, Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 1, 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02072-1

Morrow, 1997, The isoprostanes: unique bioactive products of lipid peroxidation, Prog. Lipid Res., 36, 1, 10.1016/S0163-7827(97)00001-5

Morrow, 1999, Mass spectrometric quantification of F2-isoprostanes in biological fluids and tissues as measure of oxidant stress, Methods Enzymol., 300, 3, 10.1016/S0076-6879(99)00106-8

Morrow, 2002, The isoprostanes: their role as an index of oxidant stress status in human pulmonary disease, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 166, S25, 10.1164/rccm.2206011

Morrow, 1990, A series of prostaglandin F2-like compounds are produced in vivo in humans by a non-cyclooxygenase, free radical-catalyzed mechanism, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 87, 9383, 10.1073/pnas.87.23.9383

Morrow, 1996, Nonenzymatic free radical-catalyzed generation of thromboxane-like compounds (isothromboxanes) in vivo, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 23185, 10.1074/jbc.271.38.23185

Murata, 1997, Altered pain perception and inflammatory response in mice lacking prostacyclin receptor, Nature, 388, 678, 10.1038/41780

Murray, 1986, Release of prostaglandin D2 into human airways during acute antigen challenge, N. Engl. J. Med., 315, 800, 10.1056/NEJM198609253151304

Nagata, 2003, The second PGD(2) receptor CRTH2: structure, properties, and functions in leukocytes, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids, 69, 169, 10.1016/S0952-3278(03)00078-4

Nagata, 1999, CRTH2, an orphan receptor of T-helper-2-cells, is expressed on basophils and eosinophils and responds to mast cell-derived factor(s), FEBS Lett., 459, 195, 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01251-X

Nakazawa, 1994, Research and development of ozagrel, a highly selective inhibitor of TXA2 synthase, Yakugaku Zasshi, 114, 911, 10.1248/yakushi1947.114.12_911

Namba, 1994, cDNA cloning of a mouse prostacyclin receptor. Multiple signaling pathways and expression in thymic medulla, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 9986, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)36979-X

Nambu, 1989, Effect of an oral thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukotriene Res., 19, 528

Nambu, 1991, Inhibition of endothelin-induced bronchoconstriction by OKY-046, a selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor, in guinea pigs, Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukotriene Res., 21A, 453

Narumiya, 1999, Prostanoid receptors: structures, properties, and functions, Physiol. Rev., 79, 1193, 10.1152/physrev.1999.79.4.1193

Newton, 1997, Evidence for involvement of NF-kappaB in the transcriptional control of COX-2 gene expression by IL-1beta, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 237, 28, 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7064

Norel, 1991, Prostanoid contractions in human isolated pulmonary muscle preparations: inhibition by BAY u3405, Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukotriene Res., 21A, 473

Norel, 1991, Inhibitory effects of BAY u3405 on prostanoid-induced contractions in human isolated bronchial and pulmonary arterial muscle preparations, Br. J. Pharmacol., 104, 591, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12474.x

Norman, 1991, BAY u3405 is a potent and competitive antagonist of U46619, PGD2 and 9 alpha, 11 beta PGF2 alpha-induced contractions of airway smooth muscle, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 629, 396, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37995.x

Nusing, 1990, Immunohistochemical localization of thromboxane synthase in human tissues, Eicosanoids, 3, 53

Oates, 1988, Clinical implications of prostaglandin and thromboxane A2 formation (1), N. Engl. J. Med., 319, 689, 10.1056/NEJM198809153191106

Oketani, 2001, Effect of E3040, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and thromboxane synthase, on rat bowel damage induced by lipopolysaccharide, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 427, 159, 10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01234-1

Oketani, 2001, In vitro effects of E3040, a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and thromboxane A(2) synthetase, on eicosanoid production, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 422, 209, 10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01022-6

Oliveira, 2000, Effects of some isoprostanes on the human umbilical artery in vitro, Br. J. Pharmacol., 129, 509, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703083

Oosterhoff, 1995, Inflammatory cell number and mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood in subjects with asthma with increased nocturnal airways narrowing, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 96, 219, 10.1016/S0091-6749(95)70011-0

Parent, 1999, Internalization of the TXA2 receptor alpha and beta isoforms. Role of the differentially spliced COOH terminus in agonist-promoted receptor internalization, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 8941, 10.1074/jbc.274.13.8941

Pierce, 1997, Cloning of a carboxyl-terminal isoform of the prostanoid FP receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 883, 10.1074/jbc.272.2.883

Pratico, 1998, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with an increase in urinary levels of isoprostane F2alpha-III, an index of oxidant stress, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 158, 1709, 10.1164/ajrccm.158.6.9709066

Rabe, 2001, Pharmacological treatment of asthma today, Eur. Respir. J. Suppl., 34, 34s, 10.1183/09031936.01.00252501

Rajakulasingam, 1996, Effect of thromboxane A2-receptor antagonist on bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma, J. Appl. Physiol., 80, 1973, 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.6.1973

Raychowdhury, 1994, Alternative splicing produces a divergent cytoplasmic tail in the human endothelial thromboxane A2 receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 19256, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32161-0

Roberts, 1980, Increased production of prostaglandin D2 in patients with systemic mastocytosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 303, 1400, 10.1056/NEJM198012113032405

Rokach, 1997, Nomenclature of isoprostanes: a proposal, Prostaglandins, 54, 853, 10.1016/S0090-6980(97)00184-6

Sakai, 2002, E3040 sulphate, a novel thromboxane synthase inhibitor, blocks the Cl-secretion induced by platelet-activating factor in isolated rat colon, Br. J. Pharmacol., 136, 383, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704723

Sakurai, 1994, Pharmacological studies of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced augmentation of response to histamine in guinea-pigs, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids, 51, 95, 10.1016/0952-3278(94)90084-1

Sanders, 1995, Spontaneous oxygen radical production at sites of antigen challenge in allergic subjects, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 151, 1725, 10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767513

Shenker, 1991, The G protein coupled to the thromboxane A2 receptor in human platelets is a member of the novel Gq family, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 9309, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)31586-2

Shiraishi, 1989, Quinones. 4. Novel eicosanoid antagonists: synthesis and pharmacological evaluation, J. Med. Chem., 32, 2214, 10.1021/jm00129a030

Shiraishi, 2005, Prostaglandin D2-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation is mediated by CRTH2 receptor, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 312, 954, 10.1124/jpet.104.078212

Smith, 1992, Prostanoid biosynthesis and mechanisms of action, Am. J. Physiol., 263, F181

Spik, 2005, Activation of the prostaglandin D2 receptor DP2/CRTH2 increases allergic inflammation in mouse, J. Immunol., 174, 3703, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3703

Sugimoto, 1997, Failure of parturition in mice lacking the prostaglandin F receptor, Science, 277, 681, 10.1126/science.277.5326.681

Sugimoto, 2003, An orally bioavailable small molecule antagonist of CRTH2, ramatroban (BAY u3405), inhibits prostaglandin D2-induced eosinophil migration in vitro, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305, 347, 10.1124/jpet.102.046748

Takahashi, 2002, Augmentation of allergic inflammation in prostanoid IP receptor deficient mice, Br. J. Pharmacol., 137, 315, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704872

Tamaoki, 2000, Effect of a thromboxane A(2) antagonist on sputum production and its physicochemical properties in patients with mild to moderate asthma, Chest, 118, 73, 10.1378/chest.118.1.73

Tanabe, 1995, Prostacyclin and thromboxane synthases, J. Lipid Mediators Cell Signal., 12, 243, 10.1016/0929-7855(95)00031-K

Terao, 1999, Thromboxane A2 antagonist—discovery of seratrodast, Yakugaku Zasshi, 119, 377, 10.1248/yakushi1947.119.5_377

Tilley, 2001, Mixed messages: modulation of inflammation and immune responses by prostaglandins and thromboxanes, J. Clin. Invest., 108, 15, 10.1172/JCI200113416

Tokiyoshi, 1991, Efficacy and toxicity of thromboxane synthetase inhibitor for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, Surg. Neurol., 36, 112, 10.1016/0090-3019(91)90228-2

Ueno, 1982, Possible involvement of thromboxane in bronchoconstrictive and hypertensive effects of LTC4 and LTD4 in guinea pigs, Prostaglandins, 23, 865, 10.1016/0090-6980(82)90130-7

Urade, 1995, Prostaglandin D, E, and F synthases, J. Lipid Mediators Cell Signal., 12, 257, 10.1016/0929-7855(95)00032-L

van den Toorn, L.M., 2004. Clinical implications of airway inflammation in mild intermittent asthma. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 92, 589–594; quiz 595–587, 658.

Vielhauer, 2004, Cloning and localization of hFP(S): a six-transmembrane mRNA splice variant of the human FP prostanoid receptor, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 421, 175, 10.1016/j.abb.2003.10.021

Vignola, 2003, Airway remodeling in asthma, Chest, 123, 417S, 10.1378/chest.123.3_suppl.417S-a

Walch, 2001, Prostanoid EP(1)- and TP-receptors involved in the contraction of human pulmonary veins, Br. J. Pharmacol., 134, 1671, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704423

Watanabe, 2002, Prostaglandin F synthase, Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 68–69, 401, 10.1016/S0090-6980(02)00044-8

Wenzel, 1997, Arachidonic acid metabolites: mediators of inflammation in asthma, Pharmacotherapy, 17, 3S

Wenzel, 1989, Spectrum of prostanoid release after bronchoalveolar allergen challenge in atopic asthmatics and in control groups. An alteration in the ratio of bronchoconstrictive to bronchoprotective mediators, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 139, 450, 10.1164/ajrccm/139.2.450

Wenzel, 1991, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mediator levels 5 minutes after allergen challenge in atopic subjects with asthma: relationship to the development of late asthmatic responses, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 87, 540, 10.1016/0091-6749(91)90013-E

Widdicombe, 1989, Release of cyclooxygenase products from primary cultures of tracheal epithelia of dog and human, Am. J. Physiol., 257, L361

Wood, 2000, Lipid peroxidation as determined by plasma isoprostanes is related to disease severity in mild asthma, Lipids, 35, 967, 10.1007/s11745-000-0607-x

Xiang, 2002, Involvement of thromboxane A(2) in airway mucous cells in asthma-related cough, J. Appl. Physiol., 92, 763, 10.1152/jappl.2002.92.2.763

Yamada, 1999, Mechanism of the uricosuric action of E3040, a drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease II: study using DBA/2N mice, Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 20, 271, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-081X(199907)20:5<271::AID-BDD185>3.0.CO;2-I

Zheng, L., Duan, S.F., Zhang, Z.X., 1991. Changes of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) in COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 30, 91-93, 126