Measurement of Urinary Methoxyphenols and Their Use for Biological Monitoring of Wood Smoke Exposure

Araki, 1980, Effects of urinary volume on urinary concentrations of lead aminolaevulinic acid, coproporphyrin, creatinine, and total solutes, Br. J. Ind. Med., 37, 50

Arnarp, 1989, Tobacco smoke chemistry. 2. Alkyl and alkenyl substituted guaiacols found in cigarette smoke condensate, Acta Chem. Scand., 43, 40

Arrendale, 1982, Analyses of mono- and dihydroxybenzenes in tobacco smoke and pyrolyzates by glass capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatog. Sci., 20, 136, 10.1093/chromsci/20.3.136-a

Boeniger, 1993, Interpretation of urine results used to assess chemical exposure with emphasis on creatinine adjustments: A review, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 54, 615, 10.1080/15298669391355134

Brauer, 1996, Assessment of particulate concentrations from domestic biomass combustion in rural Mexico, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 104, 10.1021/es9501272

Burkhardt, 1926, Arylsulphuric acids, J. Chem. Soc., 684, 10.1039/JR9262900684

Dasch, 1982, Particulate and gaseous emissions from wood-burning fireplaces, Environ. Sci. Technol., 16, 639, 10.1021/es00104a003

Davis, 1970, Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of glyceryl guaiacolate in ponies, Am. J. Vet. Res., 31, 469

Duffy, 1993

Edye, 1991, Analysis of condensates from wood smoke: Components derived from polysaccharides and lignins, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 1133, 10.1021/es00018a018

Fischer, 1990, The metabolism of eugenol in man, Xenobiotica, 20, 209, 10.3109/00498259009047156

Hawthorne, 1989, Collection and quantitation of methoxylated phenol tracers for atmospheric pollution from residential wood stoves, Environ. Sci. Technol., 23, 470, 10.1021/es00181a013

Hawthorne, 1989, Preparation of deuterated aromatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom-containing aromatics, and polychlorinated biphenyls as internal standards for GC/MS analysis, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 334, 421, 10.1007/BF00469464

Hawthorne, 1988, Identification of methoxylated phenols as candidate tracers for atmospheric wood smoke pollution, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 1191, 10.1021/es00175a011

Hawthorne, 1992, PM-10 high-volume collection and quantitation of semi- and nonvolatile phenols, methoxylated phenols, alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons form winter urban air and their relationship to wood smoke emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, 2251, 10.1021/es00035a026

Hruza, 1974, Isolation and identification of the components of the tar of hickory wood smoke, J. Agric. Food Chem., 22, 123, 10.1021/jf60191a010

Kamens, 1984, Mutagenic changes in dilute wood smoke as it ages and reacts with ozone and nitrogen dioxide: An outdoor chamber study, Environ. Sci. Technol., 18, 523, 10.1021/es00125a008

Kornreich, 1972, Determination of phenolic wood smoke components as trimethylsilyl ethers, J. Agric. Food Chem., 20, 1109, 10.1021/jf60184a008

Larson, 1994, Wood smoke: Emissions and noncancer respiratory effects, Annu. Rev. Public Health, 15, 133, 10.1146/annurev.pu.15.050194.001025

Little, 1992

Lustre, 1969, Volatile components of hardwood sawdust smoke, J. Agric. Food Chem., 17, 1387, 10.1021/jf60166a055

McKenzie, 1994, Quantification of major components emitted from smoldering combustion of wood, Atmos. Environ., 28, 3285, 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00158-H

Miller, 1974, The fate of 2,6-dimethoxy[U-14C]phenol in the rat, Xenobiotica, 5, 285, 10.3109/00498257409052056

Miller, 1976, The toxicity of dimethoxyphenol and related compounds in the cat, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 38, 47, 10.1016/0041-008X(76)90159-9

Naito, 1969, Biopharmaceutical studies on guaiacol glycerol ether and related compounds. III. Metabolites of guaiacol glycerol ether and its mononicotinate, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 17, 1794, 10.1248/cpb.17.1794

1998

Ogata, 1995, Pharmacokinetics of wood creosote: glucuronic acid and sulfate conjugation of phenolic compounds, Pharmacology, 51, 195, 10.1159/000139335

Pérez-Padilla, 1996, Exposure to biomass smoke and chronic airway disease in Mexican women, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 154, 701, 10.1164/ajrccm.154.3.8810608

Piotrowski, 1971, Evaluation of exposure to phenol: absorption of phenol vapor in the lungs through the skin and excretion of phenol in urine, Br. J. Ind. Med., 28, 172

Pope, 1991, Respiratory health and PM10 pollution: A daily time series analysis, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 144, 668, 10.1164/ajrccm/144.3_Pt_1.668

Pope, 1995, Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of U.S. adults, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 151, 669, 10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_Pt_1.669

Ralph, 1991, Pyrolysis-GC-MS characterization of forage materials, J. Agric. Food Chem., 39, 1426, 10.1021/jf00008a014

Reinhardt, 1995

Reinhardt, 1994

Sammons, 1941, Studies in detoxication 12. The metabolism of vanillin and vanillic acid in the rabbit. The identification of glucurovanillin and the structure of glucurovanillic acid, Biochem. J., 35, 1175, 10.1042/bj0351175

Sarkanen, 1971, Classification and distribution of lignins, 74

Schauer, 1996, Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3837, 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00085-4

Schwartz, 1996, Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles?, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 46, 927, 10.1080/10473289.1996.10467528

Schwartz, 1993, Particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for asthma in Seattle, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 147, 826, 10.1164/ajrccm/147.4.826

Sheffield, 1994, Organic, elemental, and isotopic tracers of air pollution sources in Albuquerque, NM, Atmos. Environ., 28, 1371, 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90200-3

Saiz-Jimenez, 1985, Lignin pyrolysis products: Their structures and their significance as biomarkers, Adv. Org. Geochem., 10, 869, 10.1016/S0146-6380(86)80024-9

Simonelt, 1993, Lignin pyrolysis products, lignins, and resin acids as specific tracers of plant classes in emissions from biomass combustion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2533, 10.1021/es00048a034

Strand, 1975, The metabolism of vanillin and isovanillin in the rat, Xenobiotica, 5, 49, 10.3109/00498257509056093

1989

vandenHeuvel, 1972, β-(2- Methoxyphenoxy)lactic acid, the major urinary meta- bolite of glyceryl guaiacolate in man, J. Pharm. Sci., 61, 1997, 10.1002/jps.2600611226

Veltkamp, P. R, Hansen, K. J, Barkley, R. M, and, Sievers, R. E. 1996, Chromatographic measurement of molecular markers of sources of atmospheric aerosol particles, Environ. Geochem. Health, 18, 77, – 80, 1996.