Organic mulch and fertilization affect soil carbon pools and forms under intensively managed bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) forests in southeast China
Tóm tắt
Phyllostachys praecox is one of the bamboo species used for the production of fine edible bamboo shoots and is widely distributed in Southern China. To maintain or increase the productivity of bamboo shoots, P. praecox forests are intensively managed through heavy fertilization and surface mulch of organic residues such as rice husk to increase soil temperature in the winter. Such management techniques can markedly influence soil quality and the dynamics of soil carbon (C). The objectives of this study were to investigate the long-term impact of intensive management practices on carbon pools and forms in the soil of bamboo forests and explore relationships between different soil organic C fractions, as little such information is currently available. In this study we use a chronosequence (consisting of bamboo forests 1, 5, 10, and 15 years under intensive management) approach to investigate the long-term impact of intensive bamboo forest management on water-soluble organic C (WSOC), hot water-soluble organic C (HWSOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and readily oxidizable C (ROC) as well as soil organic C chemistry using the 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. Total soil organic C, WSOC, HWSOC, and ROC increased with time under intensive management, while MBC initially increased then decreased. Solid state NMR spectroscopy of soil samples showed that alkyl C and O-alkyl C dominated soil organic C in the intensively managed bamboo forests, alkyl C content and alkyl C to O-alkyl C ratio increased, aromatic C content, and aromaticity of organic matter decreased, while O-alkyl C did not change as duration under intensive management increased. The WSOC and total soil O-alkyl C contents were positively correlated, indicating that O-alkyl C may be the main component of WSOC, consistent with solution 13C-NMR spectroscopy for WSOC in which O-alkyl C dominated the WSOC fraction regardless of the treatment. Organic matter aromaticity was negatively correlated with HWSOC, indicating that aromaticity was a good indicator of soil organic C stability. We conclude that long-term application of organic mulch over winter increased total soil organic C content but decreased its stability. Mulching of organic residues in intensively managed bamboo forests is beneficial in increasing the sequestration of organic C in those forest ecosystems. Future research should address the impact of intensive management practices on water quality since the decreased stability of organic C increases the risk of its movement.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_journal_title=Plant Soil; citation_title=Cultivation effects in the nature of organic matter in soils and water extracts using CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy; citation_author=SNL Armando, WA Darwin, C Brock; citation_volume=184; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=207-217; citation_doi=10.1007/BF00010450; citation_id=CR1
citation_title=Chemistry of carbon decomposition processes in forest as revealed by solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance; citation_inbook_title=Carbon Forms and Functions in Forest Soils; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=89-117; citation_id=CR2; citation_author=JA Baldock; citation_author=CM Preston; citation_publisher=Soil Science Society of America
citation_journal_title=Aust J Soil Res; citation_title=Assessing the extent of decomposition of natural organic materials using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy; citation_author=JA Baldock, JM Oades, PN Nelson, TM Skene, A Golchin, P Clarke; citation_volume=35; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=1061-1083; citation_doi=10.1071/S97004; citation_id=CR3
citation_journal_title=Aust J Agric Res; citation_title=Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems; citation_author=GJ Blair, RDB Lefroy, L Lisle; citation_volume=46; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=1459-1466; citation_id=CR4
citation_journal_title=Environ Geochem Health; citation_title=Soil quality evolution after land use change from paddy soil to vegetable land; citation_author=ZH Cao, JF Huang, CS Zhang, AF Li; citation_volume=26; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=97-103; citation_doi=10.1023/B:EGAH.0000039572.11564.27; citation_id=CR5
citation_journal_title=Soil Sci Soc Am J; citation_title=Soil carbon pools in adjacent natural and plantation forests of subtropical Australia; citation_author=CR Chen, ZH Xu, NJ Mathers; citation_volume=68; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=282-291; citation_id=CR6
citation_journal_title=Biogeochemistry; citation_title=Organic matter chemistry and dynamic in clear-cut and unmanaged hardwood forest ecosystems; citation_author=KOH Dai, CE Johnson, CT Driscoll; citation_volume=54; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=51-83; citation_doi=10.1023/A:1010697518227; citation_id=CR7
citation_journal_title=J Zhejiang For Coll; citation_title=Cultivation techniques of early shooting and high yield for Phyllostachys praecox
; citation_author=W Fang, JC He, XK Lu; citation_volume=11; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=121-128; citation_id=CR8
citation_journal_title=Bamboo: The Magazine of the American Bamboo Society; citation_title=Chinese Moso bamboo: its importance; citation_author=JH Fu; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=5-7; citation_id=CR9
citation_journal_title=Soil Biol Biochem; citation_title=Hot-water extractable carbon in soils: a sensitive measurement for determining impacts of fertilisation, grazing and cultivation; citation_author=A Ghani, M Dexter, KW Perrott; citation_volume=35; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=1231-1243; citation_doi=10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00186-X; citation_id=CR10
citation_journal_title=For Ecol Manage; citation_title=Changes in soil carbon during the establishment of a hardwood plantation in subtropical Australia; citation_author=ZQ Huang, ZH Xu, CR Chen, S Boyd; citation_volume=254; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=46-55; citation_doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.021; citation_id=CR11
citation_journal_title=Appl Soil Ecol; citation_title=Effect of mulching on labile soil organic matter pools, microbial community functional diversity and nitrogen transformations in two hardwood plantations of subtropical Australia; citation_author=ZQ Huang, ZH Xu, CR Chen; citation_volume=40; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=229-239; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.04.009; citation_id=CR12
citation_journal_title=Soil Biol Biochem; citation_title=Temporal variation of C and N mineralization, microbial biomass and extractable organic pools in soil after oilseed rape straw incorporation in the field; citation_author=LS Jensen, T Mueller, J Magid, NE Nielsen; citation_volume=29; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=1043-1055; citation_doi=10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00014-X; citation_id=CR13
citation_journal_title=J Zhejiang For Coll; citation_title=Changes in nitrate content of bamboo shoots responsive to nitrogen fertilizer rate; citation_author=PK Jiang, QF Xu; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=10-14; citation_id=CR14
citation_journal_title=J Zhejiang For Coll; citation_title=Study on enzyme activities of soil under Phyllostachys praecox forest; citation_author=PK Jiang, YW Yu, LQ Zhang, XW Xu; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=132-136; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=For Ecol Manage; citation_title=Seasonal changes in soil labile organic cabon pool within a phyllostachy praecox stand under high rate fertilization and winter mulch in subtropical China; citation_author=PK Jiang, QF Xu, ZH Xu, ZH Cao; citation_volume=236; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=30-36; citation_doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.010; citation_id=CR16
citation_journal_title=J Fujian Coll For; citation_title=A preliminary study on degenerative mechanism of Phyllostachys praecox stand planted in a protected site; citation_author=AW Jin, GM Zhou, BS Zheng, XW Zhao; citation_volume=19; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=94-96; citation_id=CR17
citation_title=Analytical methods for soil agrochemistry; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_id=CR18; citation_author=LK Lu; citation_publisher=Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Publishing House (in Chinese)
citation_journal_title=Geoderma; citation_title=Solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy, characterization of soil organic matter under two contrasting residue management regimes in a 2-year-old pine plantation of subtropical Australia; citation_author=NJ Mathers, ZH Xu; citation_volume=114; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=19-31; citation_doi=10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00339-7; citation_id=CR19
citation_journal_title=Aust J Soil Res; citation_title=Recent advances in the application of 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy to soil organic matter studies; citation_author=NJ Mathers, XA Mao, ZH Xu, PG Saffigna, SJ Berners-Price, MCS Perera; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=769-787; citation_doi=10.1071/SR99074; citation_id=CR20
citation_journal_title=Aust J Soil Res; citation_title=Hydrofluoric acid pre-treatment for improving 13C CPMAS NMR spectral quality of forest soils in Southeast Queensland, Australia; citation_author=NJ Mathers, ZH Xu, SJ Berners-Price, MCS Perera, PG Saffigna; citation_volume=40; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=655-674; citation_doi=10.1071/SR01073; citation_id=CR21
citation_journal_title=For Ecol Manage; citation_title=How dose residue management impact soil organic matter composition and quality under Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Southwestern Australia?; citation_author=NJ Mathers, DS Mendham, AM O’Connell, TS Grove, ZH Xu, PG Saffigna; citation_volume=179; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=253-267; citation_doi=10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00527-3; citation_id=CR22
citation_title=SAS/STAT user’s guide. Version 6; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_id=CR23; citation_publisher=Cary
citation_journal_title=Soil Biol Biochem; citation_title=Hot water-soluble C as a simple measure of labile soil organic matter: the relationship with microbial biomass C; citation_author=G Sparling, M Vojvodic-Vukovic, LA Schipper; citation_volume=30; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=1469-1472; citation_doi=10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00040-6; citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=Soil Biol Biochem; citation_title=An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C; citation_author=ED Vance, PC Brookes, DC Jenkinson; citation_volume=19; citation_publication_date=1987; citation_pages=703-707; citation_doi=10.1016/0038-0717(87)90052-6; citation_id=CR25
citation_journal_title=J Soil Sci; citation_title=Studies of litter and acid insoluble soil organic matter fraction using 13C cross-polarization nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with magic angle scanning; citation_author=MA Wilson, S Heng, KM Goh, RJ Pugmire, DM Grant; citation_volume=34; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_pages=83-97; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2389.1983.tb00815.x; citation_id=CR26
citation_journal_title=Sci Silvae Sinicae; citation_title=Effect of bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox f. prevernalis) intensive cultivation on water quality in water systems; citation_author=JS Wu, PK Jiang, WX Sheng, BL Xie; citation_volume=45; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=76-81; citation_id=CR27
citation_title=Bamboo resources and their utilization in China; citation_inbook_title=Bamboo-conservation, diversity, ecogeography, germplasm, resource utilization and taxonomy. Proceedings of Training Course cum Workshop 10–17 May 1998; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_id=CR28; citation_author=YM Yang; citation_author=JR Xue; citation_publisher=Kunming and Xishuanbanna
citation_journal_title=Eur J Soil Sci; citation_title=Effect of long-term combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application on 13C CPMAS NMR spectra of humin in a Typic Hapludoll of Northeast China; citation_author=JJ Zhang, S Dou, XY Song; citation_volume=60; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=966-973; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2389.2009.01191.x; citation_id=CR29
citation_journal_title=J South Central For Univ; citation_title=The influence of cultivation techniques used in covered protected plots on the high-yield property of Lei bamboo plantation for edible shoots; citation_author=GM Zhou, AW Jin, JC He, AG Wang; citation_volume=19; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=52-54; citation_id=CR30
citation_journal_title=Adv Earth Sci; citation_title=Advances in controlling factors of soil organic carbon; citation_author=L Zhou, BG Li, GS Zhou; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=99-105; citation_id=CR31