The Effect of Microbiota and the Immune System on the Development and Organization of the Enteric Nervous System

Furness, 2007, The enteric nervous system, 10.1002/9780470988756 Lomax, 2000, Neurochemical classification of enteric neurons in the guinea-pig distal colon, Cell Tissue Res, 302, 59, 10.1007/s004410000260 Qu, 2008, Immunohistochemical analysis of neuron types in the mouse small intestine, Cell Tissue Res, 334, 147, 10.1007/s00441-008-0684-7 Boesmans, 2014, Heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity of glial cells in the mammalian enteric nervous system, Glia, 63, 229, 10.1002/glia.22746 Gulbransen, 2012, Novel functional roles for enteric glia in the gastrointestinal tract, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 9, 625, 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.138 Williams, 2016, Sensory neurons that detect stretch and nutrients in the digestive system, Cell, 166, 209, 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.011 Cryan, 2012, Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour, Nat Rev Neurosci, 13, 701, 10.1038/nrn3346 Collins, 2012, The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the brain, Nat Rev Microbiol, 10, 735, 10.1038/nrmicro2876 Diaz Heijtz, 2011, Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108, 3047, 10.1073/pnas.1010529108 Laranjeira, 2011, Glial cells in the mouse enteric nervous system can undergo neurogenesis in response to injury, J Clin Invest, 121, 3412, 10.1172/JCI58200 Roberts, 2006, Development of colonic motility in the neonatal mouse-studies using spatiotemporal maps, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 292, G930, 10.1152/ajpgi.00444.2006 Southard-Smith, 1998, SOX10 mutation disrupts neural crest development in Dom Hirschsprung mouse model, Nat Genet, 18, 60, 10.1038/ng0198-60 Mundell, 2012, Enteric nervous system specific deletion of Foxd3 disrupts glial cell differentiation and activates compensatory enteric progenitors, Dev Biol, 363, 373, 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.01.003 D'Autréaux, 2007, Hand2 is necessary for terminal differentiation of enteric neurons from crest-derived precursors but not for their migration into the gut or for formation of glia, Development, 134, 2237, 10.1242/dev.003814 Hendershot, 2007, Expression of Hand2 is sufficient for neurogenesis and cell type-specific gene expression in the enteric nervous system, Dev Dyn, 236, 93, 10.1002/dvdy.20989 Lake, 2013, Enteric nervous system development: migration, differentiation, and disease, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 305, G1, 10.1152/ajpgi.00452.2012 Tremaroli, 2012, Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism, Nature, 489, 242, 10.1038/nature11552 Leone, 2015, Effects of diurnal variation of gut microbes and high-fat feeding on host circadian clock function and metabolism, Cell Host Microbe, 17, 681, 10.1016/j.chom.2015.03.006 Lee, 2014, Gut microbiota–generated metabolites in animal health and disease, Nat Chem Biol, 10, 416, 10.1038/nchembio.1535 Abrams, 1967, Effect of the normal microbial flora on gastrointestinal motility, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 126, 301, 10.3181/00379727-126-32430 Gustafsson, 1970, Effects of microbial contamination on the cecum enlargement of germfree rats, Scand J Gastroenterol, 5, 309, 10.1080/00365521.1970.12096595 Anitha, 2012, Gut microbial products regulate murine gastrointestinal motility via Toll-like receptor 4 signaling, Gastroenterology, 143, 1006, 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.034 McVey Neufeld, 2012, The microbiome is essential for normal gut intrinsic primary afferent neuron excitability in the mouse, Neurogastroenterol Motil, 25 Perez-Burgos, 2014, The gut-brain axis rewired: adding a functional vagal nicotinic “sensory synapse”, FASEB J, 28, 3064, 10.1096/fj.13-245282 Kabouridis, 2015, Microbiota controls the homeostasis of glial cells in the gut lamina propria, Neuron, 85, 289, 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.037 Kashyap, 2013, Complex interactions among diet, gastrointestinal transit, and gut microbiota in humanized mice, Gastroenterology, 144, 967, 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.047 Collins, 2013, Intestinal microbiota influence the early postnatal development of the enteric nervous system, Neurogastroenterol Motil, 26, 98, 10.1111/nmo.12236 Deshmukh, 2014, The microbiota regulates neutrophil homeostasis and host resistance to Escherichia coli K1 sepsis in neonatal mice, Nat Med, 20, 524, 10.1038/nm.3542 Ardissone, 2014, Meconium microbiome analysis identifies bacteria correlated with premature birth, PLoS One, 9, e90784, 10.1371/journal.pone.0090784 Jiménez, 2008, Is meconium from healthy newborns actually sterile?, Res Microbiol, 159, 187, 10.1016/j.resmic.2007.12.007 Thorburn, 2015, Evidence that asthma is a developmental origin disease influenced by maternal diet and bacterial metabolites, Nat Commun, 6, 7320, 10.1038/ncomms8320 Hsiao, 2013, Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, Cell, 155, 1451, 10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.024 Choi, 2016, The maternal interleukin-17a pathway in mice promotes autism-like phenotypes in offspring, Science, 351, 933, 10.1126/science.aad0314 Gomez de Agüero, 2016, The maternal microbiota drives early postnatal innate immune development, Science, 351, 1296, 10.1126/science.aad2571 Brun, 2013, Toll-like receptor 2 regulates intestinal inflammation by controlling integrity of the enteric nervous system, Gastroenterology, 145, 1323, 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.047 Turco, 2013, Enteroglial-derived S100B protein integrates bacteria-induced Toll-like receptor signalling in human enteric glial cells, Gut, 63, 105, 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302090 Walters, 2015, Prior infection with type A Francisella tularensis antagonizes the pulmonary transcriptional response to an aerosolized Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, BMC Genomics, 16, 874, 10.1186/s12864-015-2022-2 Wu, 2013, Knockout of TLR4 and TLR2 impair the nerve regeneration by delayed demyelination but not remyelination, J Biomed Sci, 20, 62, 10.1186/1423-0127-20-62 Furusawa, 2013, Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells, Nature, 504, 446, 10.1038/nature12721 Trompette, 2014, Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis, Nat Med, 20, 159, 10.1038/nm.3444 Erny, 2015, Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS, Nat Neurosci, 18, 965, 10.1038/nn.4030 Braniste, 2014, The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice, Sci Transl Med, 6, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009759 Yano, 2015, Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis, Cell, 161, 264, 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.047 Reigstad, 2015, Gut microbes promote colonic serotonin production through an effect of short-chain fatty acids on enterochromaffin cells, FASEB J, 29, 1395, 10.1096/fj.14-259598 Gershon, 2007, The serotonin signaling system: from basic understanding to drug development for functional GI disorders, Gastroenterology, 132, 397, 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.002 Mercado, 2013, A serotonin-induced N-glycan switch regulates platelet aggregation, Sci Rep, 3, 2795, 10.1038/srep02795 Atarashi, 2013, Treg induction by a rationally selected mixture of Clostridia strains from the human microbiota, Nature, 500, 232, 10.1038/nature12331 Bian, 2007, High mucosal serotonin availability in neonatal guinea pig ileum is associated with low serotonin transporter expression, Gastroenterology, 132, 2438, 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.103 Liu, 2009, 5-HT4 receptor-mediated neuroprotection and neurogenesis in the enteric nervous system of adult mice, J Neurosci, 29, 9683, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1145-09.2009 Mendoza, 2009, Lipopolysaccharide induces alteration of serotonin transporter in human intestinal epithelial cells, Innate Immun, 15, 243, 10.1177/1753425909104781 Soret, 2010, Short-chain fatty acids regulate the enteric neurons and control gastrointestinal motility in rats, Gastroenterology, 138, 1772, 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.053 Moreau, 2004, Resistant starch modulates in vivo colonic butyrate uptake and its oxidation in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, J Nutr, 134, 493 Cossais, 2016, Postnatal development of the myenteric glial network and its modulation by butyrate, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 310, G941, 10.1152/ajpgi.00232.2015 Tang, 2015, Loss of FFA2 and FFA3 increases insulin secretion and improves glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes, Nat Med, 21, 173, 10.1038/nm.3779 Nøhr, 2013, GPR41/FFAR3 and GPR43/FFAR2 as cosensors for short-chain fatty acids in enteroendocrine cells vs FFAR3 in enteric neurons and FFAR2 in enteric leukocytes, Endocrinology, 154, 3552, 10.1210/en.2013-1142 Tolhurst, 2012, Short-chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via the g-protein-coupled receptor FFAR2, Diabetes, 61, 364, 10.2337/db11-1019 Marathe, 2011, Effects of GLP-1 and incretin-based therapies on gastrointestinal motor function, Exp Diabetes Res, 2011, 1, 10.1155/2011/279530 Zhou, 2008, Dietary resistant starch upregulates total GLP-1 and PYY in a sustained day-long manner through fermentation in rodents, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 295, E1160, 10.1152/ajpendo.90637.2008 Breton, 2016, Gut commensal E. coli proteins activate host satiety pathways following nutrient-induced bacterial growth, Cell Metab, 23, 324, 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.10.017 Panaro, 2014, The melanocortin-4 receptor is expressed in enteroendocrine L cells and regulates the release of peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide 1 in vivo, Cell Metab, 20, 1018, 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.10.004 Wichmann, 2013, Microbial modulation of energy availability in the colon regulates intestinal transit, Cell Host Microbe, 14, 582, 10.1016/j.chom.2013.09.012 Candido, 1978, Sodium butyrate inhibits histone deacetylation in cultured cells, Cell, 14, 105, 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90305-7 Davie, 2003, Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by butyrate, J Nutr, 133, 2485S Falkenberg, 2014, Histone deacetylases and their inhibitors in cancer, neurological diseases and immune disorders, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 13, 673, 10.1038/nrd4360 Arpaia, 2013, Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation, Nature, 504, 451, 10.1038/nature12726 Chang, 2014, The microbial metabolite butyrate regulates intestinal macrophage function via histone deacetylase inhibition, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111, 2247, 10.1073/pnas.1322269111 Poole, 2010, Expression and function of the bile acid receptor GpBAR1 (TGR5) in the murine enteric nervous system, Neurogastroenterol Motil, 22, 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01487.x Alemi, 2013, The receptor TGR5 mediates the prokinetic actions of intestinal bile acids and is required for normal defecation in mice, Gastroenterology, 144, 145, 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.09.055 Dey, 2015, Regulators of gut motility revealed by a gnotobiotic model of diet-microbiome interactions related to travel, Cell, 163, 95, 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.059 Mikkelsen, 1992, Characterization of macrophage-like cells in the external layers of human small and large intestine, Cell Tissue Res, 270, 273, 10.1007/BF00328013 Muller, 2014, Crosstalk between muscularis macrophages and enteric neurons regulates gastrointestinal motility, Cell, 158, 300, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.050 Chalazonitis, 2004, Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -4 limit the number of enteric neurons but promote development of a TrkC-expressing neurotrophin-3-dependent subset, J Neurosci, 24, 4266, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3688-03.2004 Chalazonitis, 2008, Bone morphogenetic protein regulation of enteric neuronal phenotypic diversity: relationship to timing of cell cycle exit, J Comp Neurol, 509, 474, 10.1002/cne.21770 Gabanyi, 2016, Neuro-immune interactions drive tissue programming in intestinal macrophages, Cell, 164, 378, 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.023 de Jonge, 2013, The gut’s little brain in control of intestinal immunity, ISRN Gastroenterol, 2013, 1, 10.1155/2013/630159 Heanue, 2007, Enteric nervous system development and Hirschsprung's disease: advances in genetic and stem cell studies, Nat Rev Neurosci, 8, 466, 10.1038/nrn2137 Enck, 2016, Irritable bowel syndrome, Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2, 16014, 10.1038/nrdp.2016.14 Kennedy, 2014, Irritable bowel syndrome: a microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 14105, 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14105 Collins, 2014, A role for the gut microbiota in IBS, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 11, 497, 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.40 Klingelhoefer, 2015, Pathogenesis of Parkinson disease—the gut–brain axis and environmental factors, Nat Rev Neurol, 11, 625, 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.197 Michel, 2016, Understanding dopaminergic cell death pathways in Parkinson disease, Neuron, 90, 675, 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.03.038 Fasano, 2015, Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, Lancet Neurol, 14, 625, 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00007-1 Shannon, 2012, Is alpha-synuclein in the colon a biomarker for premotor Parkinson's disease? Evidence from 3 cases, Mov Disord, 27, 716, 10.1002/mds.25020 Svensson, 2015, Vagotomy and subsequent risk of Parkinson's disease, Ann Neurol, 78, 522, 10.1002/ana.24448 Holmqvist, 2014, Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats, Acta Neuropathol, 128, 805, 10.1007/s00401-014-1343-6 Scheperjans, 2014, Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson's disease and clinical phenotype, Mov Disord, 30, 350, 10.1002/mds.26069 Devos, 2013, Colonic inflammation in Parkinson's disease, Neurobiol Dis, 50, 42, 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.09.007 Clairembault, 2014, Enteric GFAP expression and phosphorylation in Parkinson's disease, J Neurochem, 130, 805, 10.1111/jnc.12742 Brimberg, 2015, Antibodies as mediators of brain pathology, Trends Immunol, 36, 709, 10.1016/j.it.2015.09.008 Perry, 2016, Acetate mediates a microbiome–brain–β-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome, Nature, 534, 213, 10.1038/nature18309 Frost, 2014, The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism, Nat Commun, 5, 3611, 10.1038/ncomms4611 Buffington, 2016, Microbial reconstitution reverses maternal diet-induced social and synaptic deficits in offspring, Cell, 165, 1762, 10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.001 Benakis, 2016, Commensal microbiota affects ischemic stroke outcome by regulating intestinal γδ T cells, Nat Med, 22, 516, 10.1038/nm.4068 Bercik, 2011, The anxiolytic effect of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 involves vagal pathways for gut-brain communication, Neurogastroenterol Motil, 23, 1132, 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01796.x Bravo, 2011, Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108, 16050, 10.1073/pnas.1102999108