The determinants of jail use across large US cities: an assessment of racial, ethnic, and economic threat explanations

Social Science Research - Tập 34 - Trang 538-569 - 2005
Jason T. Carmichael1
1Department of Sociology, 300 Bricker Hall, 190 N. Oval Mall, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Alwin, 1985, Living arrangements and social integration, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 319, 10.2307/352132 D., 1995 Arvanites, 1993, Increasing imprisonment: a function of crime or socioeconomic factors, American Journal of Criminal Justice, 17, 19, 10.1007/BF02887627 Blalock, H., 1967. Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations. Capricorn Books. Blau, 1977, A macrosociological theory of social structure, American Journal of Sociology, 83, 26, 10.1086/226505 Blau, 1982, Metropolitan structure and violent crime, American Sociological Review, 47, 114, 10.2307/2095046 Blauner, R., 1972. Marxian theory and race relations. American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Blumer, 1958, Race prejudice as a sense of group position, Pacific Sociological Review, 1, 3, 10.2307/1388607 Blumstein, 1988, Prison populations: a system out of control, vol. 10, 231 Bobo, 1996, Perceptions of racial group competition: extending Blumer’s theory of group position in a multiracial social context, American Sociological Review, 61, 951, 10.2307/2096302 Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1983. Census of Local Jails. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1985. Bursik, 1988, Social disorganization and theories of crime and delinquency: problems and prospects, Criminology, 26, 519, 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1988.tb00854.x Bursik, 1993 Carroll, 1985, Racial composition, sentencing reforms, and rates of incarceration, 1970–1980, Justice Quarterly, 2, 475, 10.1080/07418828500088691 Carroll, 1982, Minority composition, inequality and the growth of municipal police forces, 1960–1971, Sociological Focus, 15, 327, 10.1080/00380237.1982.10570425 Chambliss, 1980 Chatterjee, 1988 Chiricos, 1995, Race and imprisonment: a contextual assessment of the evidence, 281 Chiricos, 1992, Labor surplus and punishment: a review and assessment of theory and evidence, Social Problems, 39, 421, 10.1525/sp.1992.39.4.03x0047u Colvin, 1990, Labor-markets, monopolization, welfare and imprisonment: evidence from a cross section of United States counties, Sociological Quarterly, 31, 441, 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1990.tb00338.x Cohen, 1991, Punitive attitudes toward criminals: racial consensus or racial conflict?, Social Problems, 38, 287, 10.1525/sp.1991.38.2.03a00110 Cox, 1959 D’Alessio, 1995, The impact of sentencing guidelines on jail incarceration in Minnesota, Criminology, 33, 283, 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1995.tb01179.x Ellison, 1994, The contact hypothesis and racial attitudes among black Americans, Social Science Quarterly, 75, 385 Fisher, J.E., Mason, R.L., 1981. The Analysis of multicollinear data in criminology. In: Fox, J.A. (Ed.), Methods of Quantitative Criminology. pp. 99–125. Flemming, 1982 Ford, 1973, Interracial public housing in a border city: another look at the contact hypothesis, American Journal of Sociology, 78, 1426, 10.1086/225472 Fossett, 1983, The measurement of intergroup income inequality: a conceptual review, Social Forces, 61, 855, 10.1093/sf/61.3.855 Fox, 1991 Galster, 1985, The US criminal justice system: unemployment and the severity of imprisonment, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 22, 163, 10.1177/0022427885022002004 Garland, 1990 Greenburg, 1977, The dynamics of oscillatory punishment processes, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 68, 643, 10.2307/1142425 Greene, 1997 Hirschi, 1983, Age and the explanation of crime, American Journal of Sociology, 89, 552, 10.1086/227905 Inverarity, 1988, Punishment and social structure revisited: unemployment and imprisonment in the US: 1948–1984, The Sociological Quarterly, 29, 263, 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1988.tb01254.x Irwin, 1985 Jackson, 1989 Jacobs, 1979, Inequality and police strength: conflict theory and coercive control in metropolitan areas, American Sociological Review, 44, 913, 10.2307/2094716 Jacobs, 2001, The politics of punishment across time and space: a pooled time-series analysis of imprisonment rates, Social Forces, 80, 61, 10.1353/sof.2001.0070 Jacobs, 1996, Toward a political model of incarceration: a time-series examination of multiple explanations for prison admission rates, American Journal of Sociology, 102, 323, 10.1086/230949 Jacobs, 1999, Collective outbursts, politics, and punitive resources: toward a political sociology of spending on social control, Social Forces, 77, 1497, 10.1093/sf/77.4.1497 Jacobs, 1998, The determinants of deadly force: a structural analysis of police violence, American Journal of Sociology, 103, 837, 10.1086/231291 Jankovic, 1977, Labor market and imprisonment, Crime and Social Justice, 8, 17 Johnston, 1984 Kellam, 1982, The long-term evolution of the family structure of teenage and older mothers, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44, 539, 10.2307/351578 Klofas, 1990, Measuring jail use: a comparative analysis of local corrections, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 27, 295, 10.1177/0022427890027003005 Krivo, 1998, Race, Segregation, and the Concentration of Disadvantage 1980-1990, Social Problems, 45, 61, 10.1525/sp.1998.45.1.03x0157a Land, 1976, A general framework for building dynamic macro social indicator models: including an analysis of changes in crime rates and police expenditures, American Journal of Sociology, 82, 565, 10.1086/226354 Liska, 1981, Perspectives on the legal order: the capacity for social control, American Journal of Sociology, 87, 413, 10.1086/227465 Liska, 1982, Fear of crime as a social fact, Social Forces, 60, 760, 10.1093/sf/60.3.760 Liska, 1999, Modeling the relationship between the criminal justice system and mental health systems, American Journal of Sociology, 104, 1744, 10.1086/210222 Liska, 1984, Social structure and crime control among macrosocial units, American Journal of Sociology, 90, 383, 10.1086/228084 Lockwood, 1986, Class, status, and gender Loeber, 1986, The prediction of delinquency, Criminologie, 19, 49, 10.7202/017240ar Lofland, 1973 Long, 2000, Using heteroscedasticity consistent standard errors in the linear regression model, The American Statistician, 54, 217, 10.2307/2685594 Longshore, 1985, The impact of school desegregation: a situational analysis, Annual Review of Sociology, 11, 75, 10.1146/annurev.so.11.080185.000451 Marvell, 1996, Determinant sentencing and abolishing parole: the long-term impacts on prisons and crime, Criminology, 34, 257, 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1996.tb01197.x Massey, 1987, Trends in the Residential Segregation of Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians: 1970–1980, American Sociological Review, 52, 802, 10.2307/2095836 Merton, 1938, Social Structure and Anomie, American Sociological Review, 3, 672, 10.2307/2084686 Messner, 1986, Economic Deprivation, Opportunity Structure, and Robbery Victimization: Intra-and Interracial Patterns, Social Forces, 64, 975 Messner, 1992, Racial-inequality and racially disaggregated homicide rates: an assessment of alternative theoretical explanations, Criminology, 30, 421, 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01111.x Meyers, G., Inverarity, J., 1992. Strategies of desegregation in imprisonment rate research. Presented at the American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. Meyers, 1990, Economic threat and racial disparities in incarceration: the case of postbellum Georgia, Criminology, 28, 627, 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1990.tb01341.x Michalowski, 1990, Punishment and social structure at the state level: a cross-sectional caparison of 1970 and 1980, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 27, 52, 10.1177/0022427890027001004 Parker, 1986, Unemployment, crime and imprisonment: a panel approach, Criminology, 24, 751, 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1986.tb01510.x Peterson, 1993, Racial Segregation and Black Urban Homicide, Social Forces, 71, 1001, 10.1093/sf/71.4.1001 Quetelet, A., 1984. Research on the propensity for crime at different ages. Translated by Sawyer F. Sylvester, Anderson, Cincinnati. Quillian, 2001, Black neighborhoods, high crime? The role of racial stereotypes in evaluation of neighborhood crime, American Journal of Sociology, 107, 717, 10.1086/338938 Quinney, 1977 Reiss, 1994 Rubenstein, J., 1973. City police. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. Rusche, 1939 Sampson, 1987, Urban black violence: the effect of male joblessness and family disruption, American Journal of Sociology, 93, 348, 10.1086/228748 Sigelman, 1993, The contact hypothesis revisited: black–white interaction and positive racial attitudes, Social Forces, 73, 781, 10.1093/sf/71.3.781 Skyes, 1987, Jail populations and crime rates: an explanatory analysis, Journal of Police Sciences and Administration, 15, 72 Sutton, 2000, Imprisonment and social classification in five common-law democracies, 1955–1985, American Journal of Sociology, 106, 350, 10.1086/316961 Spitzer, 1975, Toward a marxian theory of deviance, Social Problems, 22, 638, 10.1525/sp.1975.22.5.03a00080 Spohn, 2000, The Imprisonment Penalty Paid by Young, Unemployed Black and Hispanic Male Offenders, Criminology, 38, 281, 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00891.x Stone, 1987 Swigert, 1976 Tittle, 1988, Contingencies for dispositional disparities in juvenile justice, Social Forces, 67, 23, 10.1093/sf/67.1.23 Tolnay, 1996, Vicarious Violence: Spatial Effects on Southern Lynhcings, 1890–1919, American Journal of Sociology, 102, 788, 10.1086/230997 Tsukashima, 1976, The contact hypothesis: social and economic contact and generational changes in the study of black anti-semitism, Social Forces, 55, 149, 10.1093/sf/55.1.149 Turk, 1969 Vold, 2002 Walker, 2002 White, 1980, A heteroscedasticity-consistent covariance matrix and a direct test for heteroscedasticity, Econometrica, 48, 817, 10.2307/1912934 Wilson, 1978 Wilson, 1987 Work, 1961, The prejudice interaction hypothesis from the point of view of the negro minority group, American Journal of Sociology, 67, 47, 10.1086/223049 Yeager, 1979, Unemployment and imprisonment, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 70, 586, 10.2307/1142643