Environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene microplastics negatively impact the survival, growth and emergence of sediment-dwelling invertebrates

Au, 2015, Responses of Hyalella azteca to acute and chronic microplastic exposures, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 34, 2564, 10.1002/etc.3093 Ballent, 2016, Sources and sinks of microplastics in Canadian Lake Ontario nearshore, tributary and beach sediments, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 110, 383, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.037 Bervotes, 2002, Accumulation of 137Cs by larvae of the midge Chironomus Riparius from sediment: effect of potassium, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 1589, 10.1002/etc.5620220723 Besseling, 2014, Nanoplastic affects growth of S. obliquus and reproduction of D. magna, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 12336, 10.1021/es503001d Bowman, 2002, Particle size analysis, 224 Castañeda, 2014, Microplastic pollution in St. Lawrence river sediments, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 71, 1767, 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0281 Chua, 2014, Assimilation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from microplastics by the marine amphipod, Allorchestes compressa, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8127, 10.1021/es405717z Cole, 2013, Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 6646, 10.1021/es400663f Galloway, 2017, Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem, Nat. Ecol. Evol., 1, 116, 10.1038/s41559-017-0116 Huvet, 2016, Reply to Lenz et al.: quantifying the smallest microplastics is the challenge for a comprehensive view of their environmental impacts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, E4123, 10.1073/pnas.1607221113 Jambeck, 2015, Marine pollution. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Science, 347, 768, 10.1126/science.1260352 Jeong, 2016, Microplastic size-dependent toxicity, oxidative stress induction, and p-JNK and p-p38 activation in the monogonont rotifer (Brachionus koreanus), Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 8849, 10.1021/acs.est.6b01441 Lagarde, 2016, Microplastic interactions with freshwater microalgae: hetero-aggregation and changes in plastic density appear strongly dependent on polymer type, Environ. Pollut., 215, 331, 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.006 Lee, 2013, Size-dependent effects of micro polystyrene particles in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 11278, 10.1021/es401932b Martínez-Garduño, 2011 Mason, 2016, Microplastic pollution is widely detected in US municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent, Environ. Pollut., 218, 1045, 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.056 Mintenig, 2017, Identification of microplastic in effluents of waste water treatment plants using focal plane array-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging, Water Res., 108, 365, 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.015 Nybom, 2016, Effects of activated carbon on PCB bioaccumulation and biological responses of chironomus riparius in full life cycle test, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 5252, 10.1021/acs.est.6b00991 OECD, 2004 OECD, 2004 Ogonowski, 2016, The effects of natural and anthropogenic microparticles on individual fitness in daphnia magna, PLoS One, 11, 10.1371/journal.pone.0155063 Oliveira, 2013, Single and combined effects of microplastics and pyrene on juveniles (0+ group) of the common goby Pomatoschistus microps (Teleostei, Gobiidae), Ecol. Indic, 34, 641, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.06.019 Plastic Europe Ristola, 1999, Effects of sediment type, feeding level, and larval density on growth and development of a midge (chironomus riparius), Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 756, 10.1002/etc.5620180423 Scherer, 2017, Feeding type and development drive the ingestion of microplastics by freshwater invertebrates, Sci. Rep., 7, 17006, 10.1038/s41598-017-17191-7 Simpson, 2016, Sediment ecotoxicology Stevens, 1993, Larval development in chironomus tepperi (Diptera: Chironomidae) under laboratory conditions, Environ. Entomol., 22, 776, 10.1093/ee/22.4.776 Townsend, 2012, Food limitation in Chironomus tepperi: effects on survival, sex ratios and development across two generations, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 84, 1, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.04.027 USEPA, 1996 USEPA, 2002 Van Cauwenberghe, 2015, Microplastics are taken up by mussels (Mytilus edulis) and lugworms (Arenicola marina) living in natural habitats, Environ. Pollut., 199, 10, 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.008 Vaughan, 2017, Microplastics in the sediments of a UK urban lake, Environ. Pollut., 229, 10, 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.057 Wright, 2013, Microplastic ingestion decreases energy reserves in marine worms, Curr. Biol., 23, R1031, 10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.068 Ziajahromi, 2017, Wastewater treatment plants as a pathway for microplastics: development of a new approach to sample wastewater-based microplastics, Water Res., 112, 93, 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.042