Bone Mineral Content and Density in Overweight and Control Adolescent Boys

Ogden, 2006, Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004, JAMA, 295, 1549, 10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 Sibai, 2003, Prevalence and covariates of obesity in Lebanon: findings from the first epidemiological study, Obes Res, 11, 1353, 10.1038/oby.2003.183 Fazah, 2010, Activity, inactivity and quality of life among Lebanese adolescents, Pediatr Int, 52, 573, 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2009.03021.x Elks, 2010, Genetic markers of adult obesity risk are associated with greater early infancy weight gain and growth, PLoS Med, 7, e1000284, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000284 Druet, 2008, Early childhood predictors of adult body composition, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 22, 489, 10.1016/j.beem.2008.02.002 Novotny, 2007, Breastfeeding is associated with lower body mass index among children of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, J Am Diet Assoc, 107, 1743, 10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.018 James, 2009, Position of the American Dietetic Association: promoting and supporting breastfeeding, J Am Diet Assoc, 109, 1926, 10.1016/j.jada.2009.09.018 Barba, 2006, Dairy foods, dietary calcium and obesity: a short review of the evidence, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 16, 445, 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.04.004 Goulding, 2001, Bone mineral density and body composition in boys with distal forearm fractures: a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry study, J Pediatr, 139, 509, 10.1067/mpd.2001.116297 Skaggs, 2001, Increased body weight and decreased radial cross-sectional dimensions in girls with forearm fractures, J Bone Miner Res, 16, 1337, 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.7.1337 Goulding, 2000, Overweight and obese children have low bone mass and area for their weight, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, 627, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801207 Ellis, 2003, Bone mineral mass in overweight and obese children: diminished or enhanced?, Acta Diabetol, 40, S274, 10.1007/s00592-003-0085-z Leonard, 2004, Obesity during childhood and adolescence augments bone mass and bone dimensions, Am J Clin Nutr, 80, 514, 10.1093/ajcn/80.2.514 El Hage, 2010, Bone mineral content and density in obese, overweight, and normal-weighted sedentary adolescent girls, J Adolesc Health, 47, 591, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.04.018 Janicka, 2007, Fat mass is not beneficial to bone in adolescents and young adults, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, 143, 10.1210/jc.2006-0794 Pollock, 2007, Is adiposity advantageous for bone strength? A peripheral quantitative computed tomography study in late adolescent females, Am J Clin Nutr, 86, 1530, 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1530 Petit, 2005, Proximal femur bone geometry is appropriately adapted to lean mass in overweight children and adolescents, Bone, 36, 568, 10.1016/j.bone.2004.12.003 Rocher, 2008, Bone mineral density in prepubertal obese and control children: relation to body weight, lean mass, and fat mass, J Bone Miner Metab, 26, 73, 10.1007/s00774-007-0786-4 Ducher, 2009, Overweight children have a greater proportion of fat mass relative to muscle mass in the upper limbs than in the lower limbs: implications for bone strength at the distal forearm, Am J Clin Nutr, 90, 1104, 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28025 El Hage, 2009, Relative importance of lean and fat mass on bone mineral density in a group of adolescent girls and boys, Eur J Appl Physiol, 105, 759, 10.1007/s00421-008-0959-4 Arabi, 2004, Sex differences in the effect of body-composition variables on bone mass in healthy children and adolescents, Am J Clin Nutr, 80, 1428, 10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1428 Ackerman, 2006, Sex difference in the effect of puberty on the relationship between fat mass and bone mass in 926 healthy subjects, 6 to 18 years old, Obesity (Silver Spring), 14, 819, 10.1038/oby.2006.95 Katzman, 1991, Clinical and anthropometric correlates of bone mineral acquisition in healthy adolescent girls, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 73, 1332, 10.1210/jcem-73-6-1332 Reid, 1992, Fat mass is an important determinant of whole body bone density in premenopausal women but not in men, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 75, 779, 10.1210/jc.75.3.779 Duke, 1980, Adolescents’ self assessment of sexual maturation, Pediatrics, 66, 918, 10.1542/peds.66.6.918 Fardellone, 1991, Evaluation of the calcium content of diet by frequential self-questionnaire, Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic, 58, 99 Farr, 2010, Relationship of total body fat mass to weight-bearing bone volumetric density, geometry, and strength in young girls, Bone, 46, 977, 10.1016/j.bone.2009.12.033 Boot, 1997, Bone mineral density in children and adolescents: relation to puberty, calcium intake, and physical activity, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 57, 10.1210/jc.82.1.57 Reid, 2008, Relationships between fat and bone, Osteoporos Int, 19, 595, 10.1007/s00198-007-0492-z Wetzsteon, 2008, Bone structure and volumetric BMD in overweight children: a longitudinal study, J Bone Miner Res, 23, 1946, 10.1359/jbmr.080810 Sayers, 2010, Fat mass exerts a greater effect on cortical bone mass in girls than boys, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 95, 699, 10.1210/jc.2009-1907 Bonjour, 2007, Gene-environment interactions in the skeletal response to nutrition and exercise during growth, Med Sport Sci, 51, 64, 10.1159/000103005 Vicente-Rodriguez, 2003, Enhanced bone mass and physical fitness in prepubescent footballers, Bone, 33, 853, 10.1016/j.bone.2003.08.003 El Hage, 2010, Birth weight is an independent determinant of whole body bone mineral content and bone mineral density in a group of Lebanese adolescent girls, J Bone Miner Metab, 28, 360, 10.1007/s00774-010-0165-4 1997 El Hage, 2010, Daily calcium intake and body mass index in a group of Lebanese adolescents, J Med Liban, 57, 253 Salamoun, 2005, Low calcium and vitamin D in healthy children and adolescents and their correlates, Eur J Clin Nutr, 59, 177, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602056 Arabi, 2004, Bone mineral density by age, gender, pubertal stages, and socioeconomic status in healthy Lebanese children and adolescents, Bone, 35, 1169, 10.1016/j.bone.2004.06.015 Raman, 2009, Accuracy of self-assessed Tanner staging against hormonal assessment of sexual maturation in overweight African-American children, J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 22, 609, 10.1515/JPEM.2009.22.7.609 Schaefer, 2000, Lack of efficacy of a food-frequency questionnaire in assessing dietary macronutrient intakes in subjects consuming diets of known composition, Am J Clin Nutr, 71, 746, 10.1093/ajcn/71.3.746 Ammann, 2003, Bone strength and its determinants, Osteoporos Int, 14, S13, 10.1007/s00198-002-1345-4 Bolotin, 2001, Inaccuracies inherent in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in vivo bone mineral density can seriously mislead diagnostic/prognostic interpretations of patient-specific bone fragility, J Bone Miner Res, 16, 799, 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.5.799