Review on phase change materials (PCMs) for cold thermal energy storage applications

Zalba, 2003, Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications, Appl Therm Eng, 23, 251, 10.1016/S1359-4311(02)00192-8 Farid, 2004, A review on phase change energy storage: materials and applications, Energy Convers Manage, 45, 1597, 10.1016/j.enconman.2003.09.015 Mehling H, Cabeza, LF. Heat and cold storage with PCM. An up to date introduction into basics and applications. Springers-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2008. Cabeza, 2002, Heat transfer enhancement in water when used as PCM in thermal energy storage, Appl Therm Eng, 22, 1141, 10.1016/S1359-4311(02)00035-2 Cabeza, 2006, Experimentation with a water tank including a PCM module, Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 90, 1273, 10.1016/j.solmat.2005.08.002 de Gracia, 2011, Thermal analysis of including phase change material in a domestic hot water cylinder, Appl Therm Eng, 31, 3938, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.07.043 Castell, 2010, Experimental study of using PCM in brick constructive solutions for passive cooling, Energy Build, 42, 534, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.10.022 Qureshi, 2011, Impact of energy storage in buildings on electricity demand side management, Energy Convers Manage, 52, 2110, 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.12.008 Farid, 1994, Performance of direct contact latent heat storage units with two hydrated salts, Sol Energy, 52, 179, 10.1016/0038-092X(94)90067-1 Abhat, 1983, Low temperature latent heat thermal energy storage: heat storage materials, Sol Energy, 30, 313, 10.1016/0038-092X(83)90186-X Cabeza, 2001, Materials used as PCM in thermal energy storage in buildings: a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 12, 1675 Sharma, 2009, Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 13, 318, 10.1016/j.rser.2007.10.005 Regin, 2008, Heat transfer characteristics of thermal energy storage systems using PCM capsules: a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 12, 2438, 10.1016/j.rser.2007.06.009 Verma, 2008, Review of mathematical modelling on latent heat thermal energy storage systems using phase-change material, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 12, 999, 10.1016/j.rser.2006.11.002 Gil, 2010, State of the art on high temperature thermal energy storage for power generation. Part 1—concepts, materials and modellization, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, 31, 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.035 Medrano, 2010, State of the art on high-temperature thermal energy storage for power generation. Part 2—case studies, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, 56, 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.036 Kenisarin, 2010, High-temperature phase change materials for thermal energy storage, Renew. Sustain. Energy, 14, 955, 10.1016/j.rser.2009.11.011 Saito, 2002, Recent advances in research on cold thermal energy storage, Int J Refrig, 25, 177, 10.1016/S0140-7007(01)00078-0 Zief M, Wilcox WR. Fractional solidification, vol. 1. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1967. Yatseko, 2002, Ice melting and crystallization in binary water–salt systems, Inorg Mater, 38, 907, 10.1023/A:1020090124716 http://webserver.dmt.upm.es/~isidoro/bk3/c07sol/Solution%20properties.htm. Cabeza, 2001, Corrosion experiments on salt hydrates used as phase change materials in cold storage, Appl Therm Eng, 30, 2652 Alvarado, 2007, Thermal performance of microencapsulated phase change material slurry in turbulent flow under constant heat flux, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 50, 1938, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.09.026 http://www.teappcm.com. http://www.microteklabs.com. http://www.climator.com. http://www.rubitherm.com. Peng, 2004, Polymeric phase change composites for thermal energy storage, J Appl Polym Sci, 98, 1240, 10.1002/app.20578 Huang, 2010, Experimental study on heat capacity of paraffin/water phase change emulsion, Energy Convers Manage, 51, 1264, 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.12.038 Yamagishi Y, Sugeno T, Ishige T. An evaluation of microencapsulated PCM for use in cold energy transportation medium. In: Energy conversion engineering conference. IECEC 96. Proceedings of the 31st intersociety, vol. 3; 1996. p. 2077–83. Han, 2006, A quantitative analysis on latent heat of an aqueous binary mixture, Cryobiology, 52, 146, 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.09.007 Liesebach, 2004, Determination of unfrozen matrix concentrations at low temperatures using stepwise DSC, Thermochim Acta, 411, 43, 10.1016/j.tca.2003.07.005 Kamsa, 2007, DSC approach for the investigation of mobile water fractions in aqueous solutions of NaCl and Tris buffer, Thermochina Acta, 464, 29, 10.1016/j.tca.2007.08.001 Chen, 1991, Experimental study of directional solidification of aqueous ammonium chloride solution, J Fluid Mech, 22, 7567 Devireddy, 2002, Measurements and numerical analysis of freezing in solutions enclosed in a small container, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 45, 1915, 10.1016/S0017-9310(01)00290-3 Jochem, 1987, Extended phase diagrams for the ternary solutions H2O–NaCl–glycerol and H2O–NaCl–hydroxyethylstarch (HES) determined by DSC, Cryobiology, 24, 513, 10.1016/0011-2240(87)90055-1 Bourton, 1979, Maximum in the stability of the amorphous state in the system water–glycerol–ethanol, Cryobiology, 16, 372, 10.1016/0011-2240(79)90050-6 Gucker, 1946, Refrigerating capacity of two-component systems. Glycerol–water and propylene glycol–water, Ind Eng Chem, 40, 908, 10.1021/ie50461a027 Kumano, 2009, Formulation of the latent heat of fusion of ice in aqueous solution, Int J Refrig, 32, 175, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2008.07.010 Kumano, 2007, Study on latent heat of fusion of ice in aqueous solutions, Int J Refrig, 30, 267, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2006.07.008 Kumano, 2010, Study on specific enthalpy of ice including solute in aqueous solution, Int J Refrig, 33, 480, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.12.003 Asaoka, 2010, Effect of temperature on the effective latent heat of fusion of ice in aqueous solutions, Int J Refrig, 33, 1533, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2010.02.009 He, 1999, Tetradecane and hexadecane binary mixtures as phase change materials (PCM) for cool storage in district cooling systems, Energy, 24, 1015, 10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00055-9 Dimaano, 2002, Performance investigation of the capric and lauric acid mixture as latent heat energy storage for a cooling system, Sol Energy, 72, 205, 10.1016/S0038-092X(01)00101-3 Dimaano, 2002, The capric–lauric acid pentadecane combination as phase change material for cooling applications, Appl Therm Eng, 22, 365, 10.1016/S1359-4311(01)00095-3 Matsui, 2007, Thermal properties of multicomponent fatty acids as solid–liquid phase change materials for cooling applications, Chem Eng Commun, 194, 129, 10.1080/00986440600715920 Inaba, 1995, Flow and cold heat storage characteristics of phase change emulsion in a coiled double tube heat exchanger, J Heat Transfer, 117, 440, 10.1115/1.2822541 Lu SS, Inada T, Yabe A, Zhanng X, Grandum S. Effective additives for preventing recrystallization in ice-slurry systems. In: Proceedings of symp on energy engineering in the 21st century; 2000. p. 860–5. He, 2004, Phase transition temperature ranges and storage density of paraffin wax phase change materials, Energy, 29, 1785, 10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.002 Mehling, 2010, New method to evaluate the heat storage density in latent heat storage for arbitrary temperature ranges, Appl Therm Eng, 30, 1652, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.07.012 Elsayed, 2007, Numerical study of ice melting inside rectangular capsule under cyclic temperature of heat transfer fluid, Energy Convers Manage, 48, 124, 10.1016/j.enconman.2006.05.006 Kumano, 2009, Effects of poly-vinyl alcohol on supercooling phenomena of water, Int J Refrig, 32, 454, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2008.08.010 Yilmaz S, Sheth F, Martorell I, Paksoy HO, Cabeza LF. Salt-water solutions as PCM for cooling applications. In: Proceedings of EuroSun 2010, international conference on solar heating, cooling and, buildings; 2010. Bi, 2006, Influences of additives on the gas hydrate cool storage process in a new gas hydrate cool storage system, Energy Convers Manage, 47, 2974, 10.1016/j.enconman.2006.03.027 Inaba, 2005, Preventing agglomeration and growth of ice particles in water with suitable additives, Int J Refrig, 28, 20, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.07.012 Kakiuchi H, Yamazaki M, Yabe M, Chihara S. A study of new phase change material; trimethylolethane hydrate and its mixtures having phase change temperature between 13°C and 30°C. Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Tsukaba Research Centre; 2002. Roy, 1997, Laminar forced convection heat transfer with phase change material emulsions, Int Commit Heat Mass Transf, 24, 653, 10.1016/S0735-1933(97)00051-1 Castell, 2011, Maximisation of heat transfer in a coil in tank PCM cold storage system, Appl Energy, 88, 4120, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.03.046 Adref, 2002, Experiments on charging and discharging of spherical thermal (ice) storage elements, Int J Energy Res, 26, 949, 10.1002/er.816 Eames, 2002, Freezing and melting of water in spherical enclosures of the type used in thermal (ice) storage systems, Appl Therm Eng, 22, 733, 10.1016/S1359-4311(02)00026-1 Bédécarrats, 2009, Study of a phase change energy storage using spherical capsules. Part I: experimental results, Energy Convers Manage, 50, 2527, 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.06.004 Bédécarrats, 1996, Phase-change thermal energy storage using spherical capsules: performance of a test plant, Int J Refrig, 19, 187, 10.1016/0140-7007(95)00080-1 Ismail, 2002, Numerical and experimental study of spherical capsules packed bed latent heat storage system, Appl Therm Eng, 22, 1705, 10.1016/S1359-4311(02)00080-7 Ismail, 2003, A parametric study on ice formation inside a spherical capsule, Int J Therm Sci, 42, 881, 10.1016/S1290-0729(03)00060-7 Ismail, 2000, Solidification of PCM inside a spherical capsule, Energy Convers Manage, 41, 173, 10.1016/S0196-8904(99)00101-6 Cho, 2000, Thermal characteristics of paraffin in a spherical capsule during freezing and melting process, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 43, 3183, 10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00329-4 Chan, 2006, Solidification inside a sphere – and experimental study, Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer, 33, 335, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2005.10.010 Bilir, 2005, Total solidification time of a liquid phase change material enclosed in cylindrical/spherical containers, Appl Therm Eng, 25, 1488, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.10.005 MacPhee, 2009, Thermal modelling of a packed bed thermal energy storage system during charging, Appl Therm Eng, 29, 695, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.03.041 Tay, 2012, Experimental investigation of tubes in a phase change thermal energy storage system, Appl Energy, 90, 288, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.026 Amin, 2012, Effectiveness-NTU correlation for low temperature PCM encapsulated in spheres, Appl Energy, 93, 549, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.12.006 Chen, 2000, An experimental investigation of cold storage in an encapsulated thermal storage tank, Exp Thermal Fluid Sci, 23, 133, 10.1016/S0894-1777(00)00045-5 Kousksou, 2005, Dynamic modelling of the storage of an encapsulated ice tank, Appl Therm Eng, 25, 1534, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.09.010 Simard, 2003, Study of the thermal behaviour of a latent heat cold storage unit operating under frosting conditions, Energy Convers Manage, 44, 1605, 10.1016/S0196-8904(02)00183-8 Martin, 2010, Direct contact PCM-water cold storage, Appl Energy, 87, 1652, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.01.005 http://www.calmac.com. http://www.cristopia.com. http://www.aximaref.com. http://www.evapco.com. http://www.ice-energy.com. http://www.epsltd.co.uk. Fukasako, 1999, Melting heat transfer inside ducts and over external bodies, Exp Thermal Fluid Sci, 9, 93, 10.1016/S0894-1777(99)00011-4 Fan, 2011, Thermal conductivity enhancement of phase change materials for thermal energy storage: a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, 24, 10.1016/j.rser.2010.08.007 Wilson, 1981, Melting of a vertical ice wall by free convection into fresh water, J Heat Transf, 103, 13, 10.1115/1.3244408 Ho, 1993, The melting process of ice forms a vertical wall with time-periodic temperature perturbation inside angular enclosure, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 36, 3171, 10.1016/0017-9310(93)90002-N Zhu, 2001, Modelling of thermal processes for internal melt ice-on-coil tank including ice-water density difference, Energy Build, 33, 363, 10.1016/S0378-7788(00)00118-3 Ismail, 1997, Analysis of a latent heat cold storage unit, Int J Energy Res, 21, 1223, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-114X(19971025)21:13<1223::AID-ER318>3.0.CO;2-D Ismail, 1999, Thermal performance of a PCM storage unit, Energy Convers Manage, 40, 115, 10.1016/S0196-8904(98)00042-9 Inaba, 1998, Study on the critical conditions of ice formation for a continuous ice making system in a cooling pipe, Heat Transf—Asian Res, 27, 74, 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6556(1998)27:1<74::AID-HTJ6>3.0.CO;2-U Farid, 1998, Phase change cool storage using dimethyl-sulfoxide, Energy Convers Manage, 39, 819 Cheralathan, 2007, Effect of porosity and the inlet heat transfer fluid temperature variation on the performance of cool thermal energy storage system, Heat Mass Transf, 43, 833, 10.1007/s00231-006-0163-1 Ho, 2008, Evaluation of a recirculation scheme for ice storage melting with air as the working fluid, Heat Transfer Eng, 29, 295, 10.1080/01457630701758088 Fukai, 2002, Effect of carbon-fiber brushes on conductive heat transfer in phase change materials, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 45, 4781, 10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00179-5 Sasaguchi, 1997, A numerical analysis of solid–liquid phase change heat transfer around a single and two horizontal, vertically spaced cylinders in a rectangular cavity, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 40, 1343, 10.1016/S0017-9310(96)00210-4 Hirata, 1992, Freezing and thawing heat transfer with water flow around isothermally cooled cylinders in staggered and aligned arrangement, J Heat Transfer, 114, 681, 10.1115/1.2911334 Hirata, 1993, Analysis of natural convection melting inside isothermally heated horizontal rectangular capsule, Wärme- und Stoffübertag, 28, 1, 10.1007/BF01579615 Calvet N. Stockages thermiques performants et durables pour procedes solaires: des basses aux hautes temperatures. Pdh Thesis, Université de Perpignan, France; 2010. Py, 2001, Paraffin/porous-graphite-matrix composite as a high and constant power thermal storage material, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 44, 2727, 10.1016/S0017-9310(00)00309-4 Vargas, 1994, The melting of an ice shell on a heated horizontal cylinder, J Heat Transf, 116, 702, 10.1115/1.2910925 White, 1986, Heat transfer during the melting of ice around a horizontal isothermal cylinder, Exp Fluids, 4, 171, 10.1007/BF00280268 Torikoshi, 1991, An experimental study of melting of ice about horizontal cylinders, Proc ASME/JSME Thermal Eng, 1, 269 Sasaguchi, 1995, Solid/liquid phase change heat transfer around two horizontal, vertically spaced cylinders (an experimental study on the effect of density inversion of water), Trans Jpn Soc Mech Eng, 61, 208, 10.1299/kikaib.61.208 Mohamed, 2005, Solidification of phase change material on vertical cylindrical surface in holdup air bubbles, Int J Refrig, 28, 403, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.07.026 Lee, 2006, Heat transfer characteristics of the ice slurry at melting process in a tube flow, Int J Refrig, 29, 451, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.10.003 Saito, 1992, Heat transfer enhancement in the direct contact melting process, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 36, 295, 10.1016/0017-9310(92)90268-W Erek, 2005, Experimental and numerical investigation of thermal energy storage with a finned tube, Int J Energy Res, 29, 283, 10.1002/er.1057 Hirasawa, 1990, Phase change characteristics of test materials with heterogeneous composite materials: experimental discussion on meeting process, Trans JAR, 7, 77 Hirasawa Y, Takegoshi E. A study on melting process of ice containing conductive solids. in: Proceedings of the second JSME/KSME thermodynamics engineering conference, vol. 2; 1992. p. 393–6. Tong, 1996, Enhancement of heat transfer by inserting a metal matrix into phase change material, Numer Heat Transf, Part A, 30, 125, 10.1080/10407789608913832 Hirasawa, 1991, Study on phase change of heterogeneous composite materials: effects of parameters on solidification process, ASME/JSME Thermal Eng Proc, 1, 225 Hirasawa Y, Takegoshi E, Saito A, Okui K, Tokisawa M. An experimental study on melting process of ice containing cooper solids. In: Proceedings of the 4th symposium on thermal engineering and science for cold regions; 1993. p. 319–25. Shiina, 2005, Study on the efficiency of effective thermal conductivities on melting characteristics of latent heat storage capsules, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 48, 373, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.07.043 Zhang, 1996, Heat transfer enhancement in latent heat thermal energy storage system by using the internally finned tube, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 15, 3165, 10.1016/0017-9310(95)00402-5 Kazmierczak, 2006, Heat transfer augmentation for external ice-on-tube TES system using porous cooper mesh to increase volumetric ice production, Int J Refrig, 29, 1020, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.09.020 He, 2002, Technical grade paraffin waxes as phase change materials for cool thermal storage systems capital cost estimation, Energy Convers Manage, 43, 1709, 10.1016/S0196-8904(01)00005-X Dincer, 2001, Energetic, environmental and economic aspects of thermal energy storage systems for cooling capacity, Appl Therm Eng, 21, 1105, 10.1016/S1359-4311(00)00102-2 Arce, 2011, Overview of thermal energy storage (TES) potential energy savings and climate change mitigation in Spain and Europe, Appl Energy, 88, 2764, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.01.067 http://www.sofrigam.com. http://www.tcpreliable.com. http://www.pcm-solutions.com. http://www.pcmproducts.net. Melone, 2012, Phase change material cellulosic composites for the cold storage of perishable products: from material preparation to computational evaluation, Appl Energy, 89, 339, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.07.039 Hasnain, 1998, Review on sustainable thermal energy storage technologies. Part II: cool thermal storage, Energy Convers Manage, 39, 1139, 10.1016/S0196-8904(98)00024-7 Onyejekwe, 1989, Cold storage using eutectic mixture of NaCl/H2O: an application to photovoltaic compressor vapours freezers, Solar Wind Technol, 6, 11, 10.1016/0741-983X(89)90033-7 Azzouz, 2009, Enhancing the performance of household refrigerators with latent heat storage: an experimental investigation, Int J Refrig, 32, 1634, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.03.012 Azzouz, 2008, Performance enhancement of a household refrigerator by addition of latent heat storage, Int J Refrig, 31, 892, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.09.007 Subramaniam P, Tulapurkar C, Thiyagarajan R, Thangamani G. Phase change materials for domestic refrigerators to improve food quality and prolong compressor off time. In: International refrigeration and air conditioning conference at Purdue; 2010. Cheralathan, 2007, Performance analysis on industrial refrigeration system integrated with encapsulated PCM-base cool thermal energy storage system, Int J Energy Res, 31, 1398, 10.1002/er.1313 Gin, 2010, Effect of door opening and defrost cycle on a freezer with phase change panels, Energy Convers Manage, 51, 2698, 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.06.005 Gin, 2010, The use of PCM panels to improve storage condition of frozen food, J Food Eng, 100, 372, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.04.016 Wang, 2007, The novel use of phase change materials in refrigeration plant. Part 1: experimental investigation, Appl Therm Eng, 27, 2893, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.06.011 Wang, 2007, The novel use of phase change materials in refrigeration plant. Part 2: dynamic simulation model for the combined system, Appl Therm Eng, 27, 2902, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.06.009 Wang, 2007, The novel use of phase change materials in refrigeration plant. Part 3: PCM for control and energy savings, Appl Therm Eng, 27, 2893, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.06.011 Riffat, 2001, A novel thermoelectric refrigeration system employing heat pipes and a phase change material: an experimental investigation, Renew Energy, 23, 313, 10.1016/S0960-1481(00)00170-1 Omer, 2001, Experimental investigation of a thermoelectric refrigeration system employing a phase change material integrated with thermal diode (thermosyphons), Appl Therm Eng, 21, 1265, 10.1016/S1359-4311(01)00010-2 Tan, 2010, Experimental study on liquid/solid phase change for cold energy storage of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) refrigerated vehicle, Energy, 35, 1927, 10.1016/j.energy.2010.01.006 Ahmed, 2010, Reducing heat transfer across the insulated walls of refrigerated truck trailers by the application of phase change materials, Energy Convers Manage, 51, 383, 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.09.003 Liu, 2012, Development of a novel refrigeration system for refrigerated trucks incorporating phase change material, Appl Energy, 92, 336, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.10.015 Vakilaltojjar, 2001, Analysis and modelling of a phase change storage system for air conditioning applications, Appl Therm Eng, 21, 249, 10.1016/S1359-4311(00)00037-5 Shuku K, Yamaha M. A PCM thermal storage unit in the air distribution systems for cooling. In: Workshop of Annex 10 ECES IA, International Energy Agency; 2000. Hayashi K, Takao S, Ogoshi H, Matsumoto S. Research and development on high-density cold latent heat medium transportation technology. Workshop of Annex 10 ECES IA, International Energy Agency; 2000. Fang, 2010, Experimental study on cool storage air-conditioning system with spherical capsules packed bed, Energy Build, 42, 1056, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.01.018 Wang J, Wang S, Zhou Y. Study on ice storage characteristics of small-scale storage tank filled with ice balls. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Asia–Pacific power and energy engineering conference, APPEEC; 2010. Wu, 2010, Thermal performance simulations of a packed bed cool thermal energy storage system using n-tetradecane as phase change material, Int J Therm Sci, 49, 1752, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2010.03.014 Bi, 2009, Experimental study on cool release process of gas-hydrate with additives, Energy Build, 41, 120, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.08.004 Erek, 2007, Experimental and numerical study on charging processes of an ice-on-coil thermal energy storage system, Int J Energy Res, 31, 158, 10.1002/er.1240 Rodriguez I, Consul R, Oliva A, Orozco C. Numerical studies on the optimization and design of PCM-water hybrid storage tanks. In: 6th ISES Europe solar conference (EUROSUN 2006); 2006.