On the mechanics of distortion in thin-walled open sections

Lundquist EE, Stowell EZ. Restraint provided a flat rectangular plate by a sturdy stiffener along an edge of the plate, NACA Report 735, Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, 1942. Gallaher GL, Boughan RB. A method of calculating the compressive strength of Z-stiffened panels that develop local instability. NACA report TN-1482, Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, 1947. Van der Maas, 1954, Charts for the calculation of the critical compressive stress for local instability of columns with hat sections, Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, 21, 399, 10.2514/8.3049 Sharp, 1966, Longitudinal stiffeners for compression members, Journal of the Structural Division (ASCE), 92, 187, 10.1061/JSDEAG.0001508 Thomasson P. Thin-walled C-shaped panels in axial compression. Report D1, Swedish Council for Building Research, 1978. Loughlan J. Mode interaction in lipped channel columns under concentric or eccentric loading. PhD thesis, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, 1979. Desmond, 1981, Edge stiffeners for thin-walled members, Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE), 107, 329 Hancock, 1985, Distortional buckling of steel storage rack columns, Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE), 111, 2770, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:12(2770) Lau, 1986, Buckling of thin flat-walled structures by a spline finite strip method, Thin-Walled Structures, 4, 269, 10.1016/0263-8231(86)90034-0 Papangelis, 1995, Computer-analysis of thin-walled structural members, Computers and Structures, 56, 157, 10.1016/0045-7949(94)00545-E Davies, 1998, Design for distortional buckling, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 46, 174, 10.1016/S0143-974X(98)00107-2 Schafer BW. Cold-formed steel behavior and design: analytical and numerical modeling of elements and members with longitudinal stiffeners. PhD thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1997. Schafer, 2007 Camotim, 2004, GBT analysis of thin-walled members: new formulations and applications, 137 Bebiano, 2008 Ádány, 2006, Buckling mode decomposition of single-branched open cross-section members via finite strip method: derivation, Thin-Walled Structures, 44, 563, 10.1016/j.tws.2006.03.013 Ádány, 2006, Buckling mode decomposition of single-branched open cross-section members via finite strip method: application and examples, Thin-Walled Structures, 44, 585, 10.1016/j.tws.2006.03.014 Ádány, 2008, A full modal decomposition of thin-walled, single-branched open cross-section members via the constrained finite strip method, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 64, 12, 10.1016/j.jcsr.2007.04.004 Lau, 1987, Distortional buckling formulae for channel columns, Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE), 113, 1063, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:5(1063) Hancock, 1997, Design for distortional buckling of flexural members, Thin-Walled Structures, 27, 3, 10.1016/0263-8231(96)00020-1 Teng, 2003, Distortional buckling of channel beam-columns, Thin-Walled Structures, 41, 595, 10.1016/S0263-8231(03)00007-7 Silvestre, 2004, Distortional buckling formulae for cold-formed steel C and Z-section members: Part I—derivation, Thin-Walled Structures, 42, 1567, 10.1016/j.tws.2004.05.001 Silvestre, 2004, Distortional buckling formulae for cold-formed steel C and Z-section members: Part II—validation and application, Thin-Walled Structures, 42, 1599, 10.1016/j.tws.2004.05.002 Silvestre, 2004, Distortional buckling formulae for cold-formed steel rack-section members, International Journal of Steel & Composite Structures, 4, 49, 10.12989/scs.2004.4.1.049 Pala, 2006, A new formulation for distortional buckling stress in cold-formed steel members, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 62, 716, 10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.09.011 Schardt R. Influence of distortion on column buckling and lateral–torsional buckling. In: VIII IVBH congress Schlußbericht, Wien, 1968, p. 359–62 (in German). Schardt, 1989 Takahashi, 1978, Distortion of thin-walled open cross section members (one degree of freedom and singly symmetrical cross-section), International Journal of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 21, 1448 Takahashi, 1980, Distortion of thin-walled open cross section members (for the case of distortion of multi-degree-of-freedom), International Journal of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 23, 1290 Dinis, 2006, GBT formulation to analyse the buckling behaviour of thin-walled members with arbitrarily ‘branched’ open cross-sections, Thin-Walled Structures, 44, 20, 10.1016/j.tws.2005.09.005 MapleSoft. MAPLE, version 13, Canada, 2009 〈http://www.maplesoft.com/〉. Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN). Eurocode 3: design of steel structures, Part 1.3: general rules—supplementary rules for cold formed members and sheeting, prEN 1993-1-3, 2005. AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). Appendix I of the North American Specification (NAS) for the design of cold-formed steel structural members: design of cold-formed steel structural members with the direct strength method, Washington, DC, 2004. SA-SNZ (Standards of Australia and Standards of New Zealand). Australian/New Zealand Standard on Cold-Formed Steel Structures—AS/NZS 4600, 2nd ed. Sydney, Wellington, 2005.