Simulation of self-coordination in a row of beating flexible flaplets for micro-swimmer applications: Model and experiment study

Abbott, 2009, How should microrobots swim?, Int. J. Robot. Res., 28, 1434, 10.1177/0278364909341658 Allan, 1996, Exploitation of an ant chemical alarm signal by the zodariid spider habronestes bradleyi walckenaer, Proc. R. Soc. B, 263, 69, 10.1098/rspb.1996.0012 Ball, 2013, Material witness: When water doesn’t wet, Nat. Mater., 12, 289, 10.1038/nmat3611 Banks, 1991, On damping mechanisms in beams, J. Appl. Mech., 58, 716, 10.1115/1.2897253 Bansal, 2010 Barta, 2011, Motion of slender bodies in unsteady Stokes flow, J. Fluid Mech., 688, 66, 10.1017/jfm.2011.365 Batchelor, 2000 Becker, 2003, On self-propulsion of micro-machines at low reynolds number: Purcell’s three-link swimmer, J. Fluid Mech., 490, 15, 10.1017/S0022112003005184 Beckers, 1989, Colony size, communication and ant foraging strategy, Psyche: A J. Entomol., 96, 239, 10.1155/1989/94279 Bellon, 2008, Thermal noise of microcantilevers in viscous fluids, J. Appl. Phys., 104, 104906, 10.1063/1.3021102 Blake, 1974, Mechanics of ciliary locomotion, Biol. Rev., 49, 85, 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1974.tb01299.x Brumley, 2014, Flagellar synchronization through direct hydrodynamic interactions, Elife, 3, 10.7554/eLife.02750 Bruot, 2016, Realizing the physics of motile cilia synchronization with driven colloids, Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys., 7, 323, 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031115-011451 Cho, 2014, Mini and micro propulsion for medical swimmers, Micromachines, 5, 97, 10.3390/mi5010097 De Langre, 2001 Di Leonardo, 2012, Hydrodynamic synchronization of light driven microrotors, Phys. Rev. Lett., 109, 034104, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.034104 Dreyfus, 2005, Purcell’s “rotator”: mechanical rotation at low reynolds number, Eur. Phys. J. B, 47, 161, 10.1140/epjb/e2005-00302-5 Earl, 2007, Modeling microscopic swimmers at low reynolds number, J. Chem. Phys., 126, 02B603, 10.1063/1.2434160 Elgeti, 2013, Emergence of metachronal waves in cilia arrays, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 110, 4470, 10.1073/pnas.1218869110 Elshalakani, 2018, Spontaneous synchronization of beating cilia: An experimental proof using vision-based control, Fluids, 3, 30, 10.3390/fluids3020030 Eshel, 1987, Characterization of metachronal wave of beating cilia on frog’s palate epithelium in tissue culture, J. Physiol., 388, 1, 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016597 Gao, 2013, Bioinspired helical microswimmers based on vascular plants, Nano Lett., 14, 305, 10.1021/nl404044d Gauger, 2009, Fluid transport at low reynolds number with magnetically actuated artificial cilia, Eur. Phys. J. E, 28, 231, 10.1140/epje/i2008-10388-1 Golestanian, 2011, Hydrodynamic synchronization at low reynolds number, Soft Matter, 7, 3074, 10.1039/c0sm01121e Greenspon, 1961, Vibrations of cross-stiffened and sandwich plates with application to underwater sound radiators, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 33, 1485, 10.1121/1.1908480 Han, 1999, Dynamics of transversely vibrating beams using four engineering theories, J. Sound vib., 225, 935, 10.1006/jsvi.1999.2257 Jones, 1957 Kapral, 2008, Multiparticle collision dynamics: Simulation of complex systems on mesoscales, Adv. Chem. Phys., 140, 89 Kim, 2016, Fabrication and manipulation of ciliary microrobots with non-reciprocal magnetic actuation, Sci. Rep., 6, 30713, 10.1038/srep30713 Koens, 2016, Slender-ribbon theory, Phys. Fluids, 28, 013101, 10.1063/1.4938566 Korayem, 2011, Frequency response of atomic force microscopy microcantilevers oscillating in a viscous liquid: A comparison of various methods, Sci. Iran., 18, 1116, 10.1016/j.scient.2011.08.009 Kotar, 2010, Hydrodynamic synchronization of colloidal oscillators, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 7669, 10.1073/pnas.0912455107 Lindemann, 1994, A” geometric clutch” hypothesis to explain oscillations of the axoneme of cilia and flagella, J. Theoret. Biol., 168, 175, 10.1006/jtbi.1994.1097 Machemer, 1974, Ciliary activity and metachronism in protozoa, Cilia Flagella, 199 Mason, 1999, Propulsion and control of deformable bodies in an ideal fluid, 773 Najafi, 2004, Simple swimmer at low reynolds number: Three linked spheres, Phys. Rev. E, 69, 062901, 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.062901 Niedermayer, 2008, Synchronization, phase locking, and metachronal wave formation in ciliary chains, Chaos, 18, 037128, 10.1063/1.2956984 2000 Polmanteer, 1988, Silicone rubber, its development and technological progress, Rubber Chem. Technol., 61, 470, 10.5254/1.3536197 Purcell, 1977, Life at low reynolds number, Amer. J. Phys,., 45, 3, 10.1119/1.10903 Putz, 2009, Hydrodynamic synchronisation of model microswimmers, J. Stat. Phys., 137, 1001, 10.1007/s10955-009-9826-x Rao, 2007 Ricci, 1990, The behaviour of ciliated protozoa, Anim. Behav., 40, 1048, 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80172-1 Rockenbach, 2015, Fluid transport via pneumatically actuated waves on a ciliated wall, J. Micromech. Microeng., 25, 125009, 10.1088/0960-1317/25/12/125009 Shih, 1977, Effect of nondialyzable solids concentration and viscoelasticity on ciliary transport of tracheal mucus, Amer. Rev. Respir. Dis., 115, 989 TAMM, 1973, Mechanisms of ciliary co-ordination in ctenophores, J. Exp. Biol., 59, 231, 10.1242/jeb.59.1.231 Trouilloud, 2008, Soft swimming: Exploiting deformable interfaces for low reynolds number locomotion, Phys. Rev. Lett., 101, 048102, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.048102 Vančura, 2008, Analysis of resonating microcantilevers operating in a viscous liquid environment, Sensors Actuators A, 141, 43, 10.1016/j.sna.2007.07.010 Vicider, 1995, A pneumatically actuated micro valve with a silicone rubber membrane for integration with fluid-handling systems, 284 Xu, 2014, Modeling and swimming property characterizations of scaled-up helical microswimmers, IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, 19, 1069, 10.1109/TMECH.2013.2269802 Yang, 2008, Cooperation of sperm in two dimensions: synchronization, attraction, and aggregation through hydrodynamic interactions, Phys. Rev. E, 78, 061903, 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.061903