The southwest Indian Monsoon over the last 18 000 years

Adamson DA, Gasse F, Street FA, Williams MAJ (1980) Late Quaternary history of the Nile. Nature 287:50–55 An Z, Porter SC, Weijian Z, Yanchou L, Donahue DJ, Head MJ, Xihuo W, Jianzhang R, Hongbo Z (1993) Episode of strengthened summer monsoon climate of Younger Dryas Age on the loess plateau of Central China. Quat Res 39:45–54 Anderson DM (1993) A 300 KYR record of upwelling off Oman-during the Late Quaternary: evidence of the Asian Southwest Monsoon. Paleoceanography 8:(2) 193–208 Anderson DM, Prell WL (1992) The structure of the southwest monsoon winds over the Arabian Sea during the Late Quaternary: observations, simulations, and marine geologic evidence. J Geophys Res 97:15481–15487 Anderson DM, Prell WL (1993) A 300 Kyr record of upwelling off Oman during the late Quaternary: evidence of the Asian Southwest Monsoon. Paleoceanography 8:193–208 Anderson DM, Brock JC, Prell WL (1992) Physical upwelling processes, upper ocean environment and the sediment record of the southwest monsoon. Geol Soc Spec Publ 64:121–129 Atkinson TC, Briffa KR, Coope GR (1987) Seasonal temperatures in Britain during the past 22000 years, reconstructed using beetle remains. Nature 325:587–592 Bard E, Arnold M, Maurice P, Duprat J, Moyes J, Duplessy JC (1987) Retreat velocity of the North Atlantic polar front during the last deglaciation determined by C14 accelerator mass spectrometry. Nature 328:791–794 Bard E, Hamelin B, Fairbanks RG, Zindler A (1990) Calibration of the 14C timescale over the past 30000 years using mass spectrometric U-Th ages from Barbados corals. Nature 345:(6274) 405–410 Barnett TP, Domenil L, Schlese U, Roeckner E (1988) The effect of Eurasian snow cover on global climate. Science 239:504–507 Barnett TP, Dumenil L, Schlese U, Roeckner E, Latif M (1989) The effect of Eurasian snow cover on regional and global climate variations. J Atmos Sci 46:(5) 661–684 Barnola JM, Raynaud D, Korotkevich YS, Lorius C (1987) Vostok ice core provides 160000-year record of atmospheric CO2. Nature 329:408–414 Berger A, Loutre MF (1991) Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years. Quat Sci Rev 10:297–317 Birks HH (1991) Holocene vegetational history and climatic change in west Spitsbergen — plant macrofossils from Skardtjorna, an Arctic lake. The Holocene 1:209–218 Bonnefille R, Riollet G, Buchet G (1991) Nouvelle Sequence pollinique d'une tourbiere de la crete Zaire-Nil (Burundi). Rev Palaeobot Palynol 67:315–330 Broecker WS (1987) Unpleasant surprises in the greenhouse? Nature 328:123–126 Broecker WS, Andree M, Wolfli W, Oeschger H, Bonani G, Kennett J, Peteet D (1988) The chronology of the last deglaciation: implications to the cause of the Younger Dryas event. Paleoceanography 3:1–19 Broecker WS, Denton GH (1989) The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:2465–2501 Bryson RA (1989) Modelling the NW India monsoon for the last 40000 years. Clim Dyn 3:169–177 Bryson RA, Swain AM (1981) Holocene variations of monsoon rainfall in Rajasthan. Quat Res 16:135–145 Chappellaz J, Barnola JM, Raynaud D, Korotkevich YS, Lorius C (1990) Ice-core record of atmospheric methane over the past 160000 years. Nature 345:(6271) 127–131 Clark ID, Fontes J (1990) Paleoclimatic reconstruction in northern Oman based on carbonates from hyperalkaline groundwaters. Quat Res 33:320–336 Clemens SC, Prell WL (1990) Late Pleistocene variability of Arabian Sea summer monsoon winds and continental aridity: eolian records from the lithogeniccomponent of deep-sea sediments. Paleoceanography 5:(2) 109–145 Clemens SC, Prell WL (1991) Late Quaternary forcing of Indian Ocean summer-monsoon winds: A comparison of fourier model and general circulation model results. J Geophys Res 96: (D12) 22683–22700 Clemens SC, Oglesby RJ (1990) Interhemispheric moisture transport in the Indian Ocean summer monsoon: data-model and model-model comparisons. Paleoceanography 7:(5) 633–643 Clemens S, Prell W, Murray D, Shimmield G, Weedon G (1991) Forcing mechanisms of the Indian Ocean monsoon. Nature 353:720–725 COHMAP Members (1988) Climatic changes of the last 18000 years: observations and model simulations. Science 241:1043–1052 CLIMAP Project Members (1981) Seasonal reconstruction of the Earth's surface at the last glacial maximum. Geol Soc Am Map Chart Ser MC-36 deMenocal PB, Rind D (1993) Sensitivity of Asian and African climate to variations in seasonal insolation, glacial ice cover, sea surface temperature, and Asian orography. J Geophys Res 98:7265–7288 Denton G, Hughes T (eds) (1981) The last great ice sheets. Wiley, New York Dickson RR (1984) Eurasian snow cover versus Indian monsoon rainfall — An extension of the Hahn-Shukla results. J Clim App Meteorol 23:171–173 Duplessy JC (1982) Glacial to interglacial contrasts in the northern Indian Ocean. Nature 295:494–498 Duplessy JC, Delibrias G, Turon JL, Pujol C, Duprat J (1981) Deglacial warming of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean: correlation with the paleoclimatic evolution of the European continent. Palaeogeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 35:121–144 Fang J (1991) Lake evolution during the past 30 000 years in China, and its implications for environmental change. Quat Res 36:37–60 Fein JS, Stephens PL (eds) (1987) Monsoons. John Wiley, New York Gasse F, Street FA (1978) Late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations and environments of the northern Rift Valley and Afar region (Ethiopia and Djibouti). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 24:279–325 Gasse F, Van Campo E (1994) Abrupt post-glacial climte events in West Asia and North Africa monsoon domains. Earth Planet Sci Lett 126:435–456 Gasse F, Ledee V, Massault M, Fontes J (1989) Water-level fluctuations of Lake Tanganyika in phase with oceanic changes during the last glaciation and deglaciation. Nature 342:(6245) 57–59 Gasse F, 12 others (1991) A 13000-year climate record from western Tibet. Nature 353:742–745 Gillespie R, Street-Perrott FA, Switsur R (1983) Post-glacial arid episodes in Ethiopia have implications for climate prediction. Nature 306:680–683 Haberyan KA (1987) Fossil diatoms and the paleolimnology of Lake Rukwa, Tanzania. Freshwater Biol 17:429–436 Haberyan KA, Hecky RE (1987) The late Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphy and paleolimnology of Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika. Palaeogeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 61:169–197 Hansen J, Russell G, Rind D, Stone P, Lacis A, Ledeff S, Reudy R, Travis L (1983) Efficient three-dimensional global models for climate studies: Models I and II. Mon Weather Rev 111:609–662 Hastenrath S (1991) Climate dynamics of the Tropics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Houghton JT, Callander BA, Varney SK (1992) Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK Jarvis DI (1993) Pollen evidence of changing holocene monsoon climate in Sichuan Province, China. Quat Res 39:325–337 Karpuz NK, Jansen E (1992) A high-resolution diatom record of the last deglaciation from the SE Norwegian Sea: documentation of rapid climatic changes. Paleoceanography 7:(4) 499–520 Koç N, Jansen E, Haflidason H (1993) Paleoceanographic reconstructions of surface ocean conditions in the Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian Seas through the last 14 ka based on diatoms. Quat Sci Rev 12:115–140 Kropelin S, Soulie-Marsche I (1991) Charophyte remains from Wadi Hower as evidence for deep Mid-Holocene freshwater lakes in the Eastern Sahara of Northwest Sudan. Quat Res 36:210–223 Kutzbach JE (1981) Monsoon climate of the early Holocene, climatic experiment using the earth's orbital parameters for 9000 years ago. Science 214:59–61 Kutzbach JE (1987) The changing pulse of the Monsoon. In: Fein JS, Stephens PL (eds) Monsoon 247–268. John Wiley, New York Kutzbach JE, Street-Perrott FA (1985) Milankovitch forcing of fluctuations in the level of tropical lakes from 18 to 0 kyr BP. Nature 317:130–134 Lamb HF, Gasse F, Benkaddour A, El Hamouti N, van der Kaars S, Perkins WT, Pearce NJ, Roberts CN (1995) Relation between century-scale Holocene arid intervals in tropical and temperate zones. Nature 373:134–137 Lean J, Rind D (1994) Solar variability: Implications for global change. EOS. Trans Am Geophys Union 75:5–7 Lean J, Skumanich A, White O (1992) Estimating the Sun's radiative output during the Maunder Minimum. Geophys Res Lett 19:1591–1594 Lehman SJ, Forman SL (1992) Late Weichselian glacier retreat in Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Quat Res 37:139–154 Lehman SJ, Keigwin LD (1992) Sudden changes in North Atlantic circulation during the last deglaciation. Nature 56:757–762 Manabe S, Broccoli AJ (1985) The influence of continental ice sheets on the climate of an ice age. J Geophys Res 90:2167–2190 Manabe S, Stouffer RJ (1988) Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J Clim 1:841–866 McClure HA (1976) Radiocarbon chronology of late Quaternary lakes in the Arabian Desert. Nature 263:755–756 Meehl GA (1994) Influence of the land surface in the Asian summer monsoon: external conditions versus internal feedbacks. J Clim 7:1033–1049 Meehl GA, Washington WM (1993) South Asian summer monsoon variability in a model with doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Science 260:1101–1103 Overpeck JT (1991) Century-to millennium-scale climatic variability during the late Quaternary. In: Global changes of the past. Bradley R (ed) UCAR/Office for Interdisciplinary Earth Studies, Boulder, CO, pp 139–173 Overpeck JT (1993) The role and response of continental vegetation in the global climate system, In: Global changes in the perspective of the past. Eddy JA, Oeschger H (eds), J. Wiley, New York, pp 221–238 Overpeck JT, Peterson LC, Kipp N, Imbrie J, Rind D (1989) Climate change in the circum-North Atlantic region during the last deglaciation. Nature 338:553–557 Owen RB, Barthelme JW, Renaut RW, Vincens A (1982) Palaeolimnology and archaeology of Holocene deposits northeast of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Nature 298:523–529 Pachur HJ, Kröpelin S (1987) Wadi Howar: paleoclimatic evidence from an extint river system in the southeastern Sahara. Science 237:298–300 Pachur H, Hoelzmann P (1991) Paleoclimatic implications of late Quaternary lacustrine sediments in western Nubia, Sudan. Quat Res 36:257–276 Paillard D, Labeyrie L (1994) Role of the thermohaline circulation in the abrupt warming after Heinrich events. Nature 372:162–164 Peterson LC, Overpeck JT, Kipp NG, Imbrie J (1991) A high resolution late Quaternary upwelling record from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Pale oceanography 6:99–119 Porter SC, An Z, Zheng H (1992) Cyclic Quaternary alluviation and terracing in a nonglaciated drainage basin on the north flank of the Qinling Shan, central China. Quat Res 38:157–169 Prell WL (1984) Variations of monsoonal upwelling: a response to changing solar radiation. In: Hansen JE, Takahashi T (eds) Climate processes and Climate sensitivity. Geophysical Monograph 29.48–57. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union Prell WL, Kutzbach JE (1987) Monsoon variability over the past 150000 years. J Geophys Res 82:8411–8425 Prell WL, Kutzbach JE (1992) Sensitivity of the Indian monsoon to forcing parameters and implications for its evolution. Nature 360:647–652 Prell WL, Van Campo E (1986) Coherent response of Arabian Sea upwelling and pollen transport to late Quaternary monsoonal winds. Nature 323:526–528 Prell WL, Marvil RE, Luther ME (1990) Variability in upwelling fields in the northwestern Indian Ocean 2. data-model comparison at 9000 years B.P. Paleoceanography 5:(3) 447–457 Rind D, Overpeck J (1993) Hypothesized causes of decade-to century-scale climate variability: climate model results. Quat Sci Rev 12:357–374 Rind D, Peteet D, Broecker WS, McIntyre A, Ruddiman WF (1986) Impact of cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures on climate: implications for the Younger Dryas cooling (11–10k). Clim Dyn 1:3–33 Ritchie JC (1987) A Holocene pollen record from Bir Atrun, Northwest Sudan. Pollen Spores 29:(4) 391–410 Ritchie JC (1994) Holocene pollen spectra from Oyo, northwestern Sudan: problems of interpretation in a hyperarid environment. The Holocene 4:(1) 9–15 Ritchie JC, Haynes CV (1987) Holocene vegetation zonation in the eastern Sahara. Nature 330:(6149) 645–647 Ritchie JC, Eyles CH, Haynes CV (1985) Sediment and pollen evidence for an early to mid-Holocene humid period in the eastern Sahara. Nature 314:352–355 Roberts N, Taieb M, Barker P, Damnatl B, Icole M, Williamson D (1993) Timing of the Younger Dryas event in East Africa from lake-level changes. Nature 366:146–148 Ruddiman WF (1987) Northern oceans. In: Ruddiman WF, Wright HE ed. The geology of North America, K-3. The Geological Society of America, Boulder pp 137–154 Singh G, Wasson RJ, Agrawal DP (1990) Vegetational and seasonal climatic changes since the last full glacial in the Thar Desert, northwestern India. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 64:351–358 Sirocko F, Sarnthein M, Lange H, Erlenkeuser H (1991) Atmospheric summer circulation and coastal upwelling in the Arabian Sea during the Holocene and the last glaciation. Quat Res 36:72–93 Sirocko F, Sarnthein M, Erlenkeuser H, Lang H, Arnold M, Duplessy JC (1993) Century-scale events in monsoonal climate over the past 24000 years. Nature 364:322–324 Stager JC (1988) Environmental changes at Lake Cheshi, Zambia since 40000 Years BP. Quat Res 29:54–65 Stocker TF, Wright DG (1991) Rapid transitions of the ocean's deep circulation induced by changes in surface water fluxes. Nature 351:729–732 Street-Perrott FA, Roberts N (1983) fluctuations in closed-basin lakes as an indicator of past atmospheric circulation patterns. In: Street-Perrott A, Beran M, Ratcliffe R (eds) Variations in the global water budget. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 331–345 Street-Perrott FA, Perrott RA (1990) Abrupt climate fluctuations in the tropics: the influence of Atlantic Ocean circulation. Nature 343:607–612 Street-Perrott FA, Mitchell JFB, Marchand DS, Brunner JS (1990) Milankovitch and albedo forcing of the tropical monsoons: a comparison of geological evidence and numerical simulations for 9000 yrs BP. Trans R Soc Edinburgh Earth Sci 81:407–427 Svendsen JI, Mangerud J (1992) Paleoclimatic inferences from glacial fluctuations on Svalbard during the last 20000 years. Clim Dyn 6:213–220 Swain AM, Kutzbach JE, Hastenrath S (1983) Estimates of Holocene precipitation for Rajesthan, India, based on pollen and lake-level data. Quat Res 19:1–17 Taylor DM (1990) Late Quaternary pollen records from two Ugandan mires: evidence for environmental change in the Rukia Highlands of southwest Uganda. Palaeogeog Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 80:283–300 Van Campo E, Gasse F (1993) Pollen- and diatom-inferred climatic and hydrological changes in Sumxi Co Basin (western Tibet) since 13 000 yr BP. Quat Res 39:300–313 Van Campo E, Duplessy JC, Rossignol-Strick M (1982) Climatic conditions deduced from a 150 Kyr oxygen isotope-pollen record from the Arabian Sea. Nature 296:56–59 Vincens A (1989) Paleoenvironnements du bassin nord-Tanganyika (Zaire, Burundi, Tanzanie) an tours des 13 derniers mille ans: apport de la palynologie. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 61:69–88 Vincens A (1991) Late Quaternary vegetation history of the South-Tanganyika Basin. Climate implications in South Central Africa. Palaeogeog Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 86:207–226 Wang F, Fan CY (1987) Climatic changes in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) region of China during the Holocene. Quat Res 28:50–60 White JWC, Ciais P, Figge RA, Kenny R, Markgraf V (1994) A high-resolution record of atmospheric CO2 content from carbon isotopes in peat. Nature 367:153–156 Winkler M, Wang PK (1993) The late-Quaternary vegetation and climate of China. In: Wright HE Jr, Kutzbach JE, Webb T III, Ruddiman WF, Street-Perrott FA, Bartlein PJ (eds) Global climate since the Last Glacial Maximum. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp 221–261 Zielinski GA, Mayewski PA, Meeker LD, Whitlow S, Twickler MS, Morrison M, Meese DA, Gow AJ, Alley RB (1994) Records of volcanism since 7000 B.C. from the GISP2 Greenland ice core and implications for the volcano-climate system. Science 264:948–952