Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data

The Lancet - Tập 365 - Trang 217-223 - 2005
Patricia M Kearney1,2, Megan Whelton1, Kristi Reynolds1, Paul Muntner1,3,4, Paul K Whelton1,3,4, Jiang He1,3,4
1Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
2Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK
3Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
4Department of Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

He, 1997, Epidemiology and prevention of hypertension, Med Clin North Am, 81, 1077, 10.1016/S0025-7125(05)70568-X Whelton, 1994, Epidemiology of hypertension, Lancet, 344, 101, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91285-8 Ezzati, 2002, Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease, Lancet, 360, 1347, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11403-6 Ueshima, 2000, Epidemiology of hypertension in China and Japan, J Hum Hypertens, 14, 765, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001054 Singh, 2000, Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention, J Hum Hypertens, 14, 749, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001057 Hernandez-Hernandez, 2000, Hypertension and cardiovascular health in Venezuela and Latin American countries, J Hum Hypertens, 14, S2, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000978 Halberstein, 1999, Blood pressure in the Caribbean, Hum Biol, 71, 659 Gupta, 1999, Hypertension in India: definition, prevalence and evaluation, J Indian Med Assoc, 97, 74 Wolf-Maier, 2003, Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States, JAMA, 289, 2363, 10.1001/jama.289.18.2363 WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Cardiovascular Diseases, division of cardiology, University of Ottawa. Global Cardiovascular InfoBase. http://cvdinfobase.ca/ (accessed Nov 14, 2001). Burt, 1995, Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, 1988–91, Hypertension, 25, 305, 10.1161/01.HYP.25.3.305 Wolz, 2000, Statement from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program: prevalence of hypertension, Am J Hypertens, 13, 103, 10.1016/S0895-7061(99)00241-1 Joffres, 1997, Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Canada, Am J Hypertens, 10, 1097, 10.1016/S0895-7061(97)00224-0 Banegas, 1998, Blood pressure in Spain: distribution, awareness, control, and benefits of a reduction in average pressure, Hypertension, 32, 998, 10.1161/01.HYP.32.6.998 Primatesta, 2001, Improved hypertension management and control: results from the health survey for England 1998, Hypertension, 38, 827, 10.1161/hyp.38.4.827 Thamm, 1999, Blood pressure in Germany: current status and trends, Gesundheitswesen, S90 Stergiou, 1999, Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Greece: the Didima study, Am J Hypertens, 12, 959, 10.1016/S0895-7061(99)00136-3 Giampaoli, 2001, Socioeconomic aspects and cardiovascular risk factors: experience at the Cardiovascular Epidemiologic Observatory, Ital Heart J, 2, 294 Stegmayr, 1996, Stroke around the Baltic Sea: incidence, case fatality and population risk factors in Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Lithuania, Cerebrovasc Dis, 6, 80, 10.1159/000108002 Bennett, 1994, Trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Australia. Results from the National Heart Foundation's Risk Factor Prevalence Study, 1980–1989, Med J Aust, 161, 519, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127594.x National Cardiovascular Disease Database. Cardiovascular risk factors report AIHW analysis of the NHF Risk Factor Prevalence Study. http://www.aihw.gov.au/pls/cvd/cvd_risk.show_form. (accessed Feb 27, 2002). Baba, 1991, Blood pressure levels, related factors, and hypertension control status of Japanese and Americans, J Hum Hypertens, 5, 317 Riecansky, 1991, Cardiovascular program in Slovakia-Results achieved over the years 1978–1989, Bratisl Lek Listy, 92, 203 Malhotra, 1999, Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in an un-industrialized rural population of North India, J Hum Hypertens, 13, 467, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000864 Singh, 1997, Epidemiological study of hypertension and its determinants in an urban population of North India, J Hum Hypertens, 11, 679, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000511 Singh, 1997, Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the Indian social class and heart survey, J Hum Hypertens, 11, 51, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000384 Gupta, 1995, Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the urban population of Jaipur in western India, J Hypertens, 13, 1193, 10.1097/00004872-199510000-00014 Gupta, 1994, Prevalence of hypertension and subtypes in an Indian rural population: clinical and electrocardiographic correlates, J Hum Hypertens, 8, 823 Arroyo, 1999, Hypertension in urban Mexico: the 1992–93 national survey of chronic diseases, J Hum Hypertens, 13, 671, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000909 Ramirez, 1995, Paraguayan National Blood Pressure Study: prevalence of hypertension in the general population, J Hum Hypertens, 9, 891 Sulbaran, 2000, Epidemiologic aspects of arterial hypertension in Maracaibo, Venezuela, J Hum Hypertens, 14, S6, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000979 Ibrahim, 1995, Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in Egypt. Results from the Egyptian National Hypertension Project (NHP). NHP Investigative Team, Hypertension, 26, 886, 10.1161/01.HYP.26.6.886 Sonmez, 1999, The epidemiology of elevated blood pressure as an estimate for hypertension in Aydin, Turkey, J Hum Hypertens, 13, 399, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000824 Gu, 2002, Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China, Hypertension, 40, 920, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000040263.94619.D5 Kim, 1994, Hypertension in Korea: a national survey, Am J Prev Med, 10, 200, 10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30591-9 2003, Cardiovascular risk factor levels in urban and rural Thailand: The International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA), Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 10, 249 Pan, 2001, Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Taiwan: results of Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 1993–1996, J Hum Hypertens, 15, 793, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001268 Steyn, 2001, South African Demographic and Health Coordinating Team. Hypertension in South African adults: results from the Demographic and Health Survey, 1998, J Hypertens, 19, 1717, 10.1097/00004872-200110000-00004 Mbanya, 1998, The prevalence of hypertension in rural and urban Cameroon, Int J Epidemiol, 27, 181, 10.1093/ije/27.2.181 Cooper, 1997, The prevalence of hypertension in seven populations of West African origin, Am J Public Health, 87, 160, 10.2105/AJPH.87.2.160 Edwards, 2000, Hypertension prevalence and care in an urban and rural area of Tanzania, J Hypertens, 18, 145, 10.1097/00004872-200018020-00003 Mufunda, 2000, Correlates of blood pressure in an urban Zimbabwean population and comparison to other populations of African origin, J Human Hypertens, 14, 65, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000886 World Bank, 1993 Data and Statistics Section of the World Bank Group. World Development Indicators 2003: Country Classification. http://www.worldbank.org/data/wdi2003/economy (accessed May 7, 2003). Fuentes, 2000, Hypertension in developing countries: a review of population-based studies carried out from 1980 to 1998, J Hypertens, 18, 521, 10.1097/00004872-200018050-00003 Forrester, 1996, Obesity in the Caribbean, Ciba Found Symp, 201, 17 2001 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision. http://esa.un.org/unpp (accessed Jan 28, 2002). Gordis, 2000 Kearney, 2004, Worldwide prevalence of hypertension: a systematic review, J Hypertens, 22, 11, 10.1097/00004872-200401000-00003 Hajjar, 2003, Trends in Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in the United States, 1988–2000, JAMA, 290, 199, 10.1001/jama.290.2.199 Levenson, 2002, Reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease: the role of risk factors, Prev Cardiol, 5, 188, 10.1111/j.1520-037X.2002.00564.x Murray, 1997, Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study, Lancet, 349, 1269, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07493-4 2001, 144 Yusuf, 2001, Global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Part II: variations in cardiovascular disease by specific ethnic groups and geographic regions and prevention strategies, Circulation, 104, 2855, 10.1161/hc4701.099488 Seedat, 2000, Hypertension in developing nations in sub-Saharan Africa, J Hum Hypertens, 14, 739, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001059 Singh, 2000, Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention, J Hum Hypertens, 14, 749, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001057 Pearson, 1999, Cardiovascular disease in developing countries: myths, realities, and opportunities, Cardiovasc Drugs Ther, 13, 95, 10.1023/A:1007727924276 Murray, 1994 Poulter, 2003, Global risk of cardiovascular disease, Heart, 89, 2 Whelton, 2002, Primary prevention of hypertension. Clinical and Public Health Advisory From the National High Blood Pressure Education Program, JAMA, 288, 1882, 10.1001/jama.288.15.1882 WHO. Innovative care for chronic conditions: building blocks for action. Geneva: WHO, document No WHO/MNC/CCH/02.01:2002. Hamet, 2000, The burden of blood pressure: where are we and where should we go?, Can J Cardiol, 16, 1483 Thom, 1989, International mortality from heart disease: rates and trends, Int J Epidemiol, 18, S20, 10.1093/ije/18.Supplement_1.S20 Murray, 2003, Effectiveness and costs of interventions to lower systolic blood pressure and cholesterol: a global and regional analysis on reduction of cardiovascular-disease risk, Lancet, 361, 717, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12655-4