Vacuum Ultraviolet Photolysis of Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene
Tóm tắt
Using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), quartz crystal microbalance (QMB) measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in combination with chemical derivatization techniques the VUV photolysis of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) was investigated. A mass balance obtained from the quantification of the data was used to suggest reaction path ways. Although PE and PP behave similar, the mass loss is about 8 times higher in the case of PP. These differences originate from the higher disproportionation to recombination ratio for the branched polymer. Both polymers form double bonds and at extended treatment times they tend to crosslink. PS is rather stable due to the possibility of the energy dissipation by fluorescence.
Tài liệu tham khảo
R. Painter, E. T. Arakawa, M. W. Williams, and J. C. Ashley, Rad. Res. 83, 1 (1980).
R. H. Partridge, J. Chem. Phys. 45, 1679 (1966).
R. H. Partridge, J. Chem. Phys. 47, 4223 (1967).
A. Holländer and J. Behnisch, Surface Coating Technol. 98, 855 (1998).
A. C. Fozza, J. Roch, J. E. Klemberg-Sapieha, A. Kruse, A. Holländer, and M. R. Wertheimer, Polym. Preprints 38, 1097 (1997).
M. Nitschke, Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University Chemnitz-Zwickau (1995).
M. Endo, Y. Tani, M. Sasago, N. Nomura, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 2615 (1989).
R. Wilken, Ph.D. Thesis, University Potsdam (1998).
R. Wilken, A. Holländer, and J. Behnisch, Plasmas and Polymers 3, 165 (1998).
B. Cranfill, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49, 264 (1978).
Lu Chih-shun, in J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 12, 578 (1975).
D. O. Hummel and R. Scholl, Atlas of Polymer and Plastics Analysis; Third Edition, Vol. 1, Carl Hanser Verlag, München, p. 77 (1988).
Y. A. Cherkasov, L. N. Vinokurova, O. M. Sorokin, and V. A. Blank, Soviet Physics-Solid State 11, 1590 (1970).
V. I. Povstugar, A. M. Lyakhovich, and A. A. Shakov, J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 68, 565 (1994).
R. Wilken, A. Holländer, and J. Behnisch, Macromolecules 31, 7613 (1998).
J. G. Calvert and J. N. Pitts, Photochememistry, John Wiley, New York, p. 493 (1966).
I. G. Gorodetskii, V. E. Skurat, and V. L. Talroze, Doklady Akademii Nauk USSR, Phys. Chem. 9, 285 (1976).
D. S. Pearson, L. J. Fetters, L. B. Younghouse, and J. W. Mays, Macromolecules 21, 478 (1988)
M. Iwasaki, T. Ichkawa, and K. Toriyama, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Letters 5, 423 (1967).
A. P. Stafani, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90, 1694 (1968).
H. Schuh and H. Fischer, Helv. Chim. Acta 61, 2463 (1978).
M. Leibowitz and A. Weinreb, J. Chem. Phys. 45, 3701 (1966).
M. Leibowitz and A. Weinreb, J. Chem. Phys. 46, 4652 (1967).
M. J. Manka and S. E. Stein, J. Phys. Chem. 88, 5914 (1984).