Investigating the settling behaviour of saline tailing suspensions using kaolinite, bentonite, and illite clay minerals

de Kretser, 1997, Improving clay-based tailings disposal: case study on coal tailings, AICHE J., 43, 1894, 10.1002/aic.690430724 Bergaya, 2006 Swartzen-Allen, 1974, Surface and colloid chemistry of clays, Chem. Rev., 74, 385, 10.1021/cr60289a004 McFarlane, 2005, Rheology of flocculated kaolinite dispersions, Korea Australia Rheology, Journal, 17, 181 Mierczynska-Vasilev, 2013, The influence of polymer chemistry on adsorption and flocculation of talc suspensions, Chem. Eng. J., 220, 375, 10.1016/j.cej.2012.12.080 Mpofu, 2005, Interfacial chemistry, particle interactions and improved dewatering behaviour of smectite clay dispersions, Int. J. Miner. Process., 75, 155, 10.1016/j.minpro.2004.01.008 Mpofu, 2004, Flocculation and dewatering behaviour of smectite dispersions: effect of polymer structure type, Miner. Eng., 17, 411, 10.1016/j.mineng.2003.11.010 Mpofu, 2003, Influence of hydrolyzable metal ions on the interfacial chemistry, particle interactions, and dewatering behavior of kaolinite dispersions, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 261, 349, 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00113-9 Mpofu, 2003, Investigation of the effect of polymer structure type on flocculation, rheology and dewatering behaviour of kaolinite dispersions, Int. J. Miner. Process., 71, 247, 10.1016/S0301-7516(03)00062-0 Cengiz, 2009, Flocculation of fine particles in ceramic wastewater using new types of polymeric flocculants, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 112, 1258, 10.1002/app.29508 McFarlane, 2006, Improved dewatering behavior of clay minerals dispersions via interfacial chemistry and particle interactions optimization, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 293, 116, 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.06.034 Rahman, 2000, Dewatering of phosphatic clay waste by flocculation, Chem. Eng. Technol., 23, 457, 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4125(200005)23:5<457::AID-CEAT457>3.0.CO;2-P Wright, 1976, The problem of dewatering clay slurries: factors controlling filtrability, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 56, 57, 10.1016/0021-9797(76)90146-6 Nasser, 2006, Settling and sediment bed behaviour of kaolinite in aqueous media, Sep. Purif. Technol., 51, 10, 10.1016/j.seppur.2005.12.017 Gorakhki, 2015, Salinity effects on sedimentation behavior of kaolin, bentonite, and soda ash mine tailings, Appl. Clay Sci., 114, 593, 10.1016/j.clay.2015.07.018 Siffert, 1984, Polyacrylamide adsorption onto kaolinite in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in saline medium, Colloids Surf., 11, 137, 10.1016/0166-6622(84)80242-5 Ji, 2013, Effect of solution salinity on settling of mineral tailings by polymer flocculants, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 430, 29, 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.04.006 Zhang, 2015, The effect of sea water on copper and gold flotation in the presence of bentonite, Miner. Eng., 77, 93, 10.1016/j.mineng.2015.03.006 Wang, 2014, The effect of saline water on mineral flotation – a critical review, Miner. Eng., 66, 13, 10.1016/j.mineng.2014.04.017 Wang, 2015, Molecular and Surface Interactions between Polymer Flocculant Chitosan-g-polyacrylamide and Kaolinite Particles: Impact of Salinity, 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00739 Farrow, 2000, Consolidation and aggregate densification during gravity thickening, Chem. Eng. J., 80, 141, 10.1016/S1383-5866(00)00083-6 Liu, 2014, Reducing the entrainment of clay minerals in flotation using tap and saline water, Powder Technol., 253, 216, 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.11.019 N. Cruz, Y. Peng, S. Farrokhpay, D. Bradshaw, Interactions of clay minerals in copper–gold flotation: part 1 – rheological properties of clay mineral suspensions in the presence of flotation reagents, Miner. Eng., 50–51 (2013) 30–37. Murray, 1960, Further correlations of kaolinite crystallinity with chemical and physical properties, Clay Clay Miner., 8, 11, 10.1346/CCMN.1959.0080104 Du, 2010, Effect of surface structure of kaolinite on aggregation, settling rate, and bed density, Langmuir, 26, 13227, 10.1021/la100088n Ofori, 2009 Peng, 2011, The flotation of slime–fine fractions of Mt. Keith pentlandite ore in de-ionised and saline water, Miner. Eng., 24, 479, 10.1016/j.mineng.2010.12.014 Reich, 2008, Atacamite formation by deep saline waters in copper deposits from the Atacama Desert, Chile: evidence from fluid inclusions, groundwater geochemistry, TEM, and 36Cl data, Mineral. Deposita, 43, 663, 10.1007/s00126-008-0184-4 Kasama, 2004, Sorption of phosphates on Al-pillared smectites and mica at acidic to neutral pH, Appl. Clay Sci., 25, 167, 10.1016/j.clay.2003.09.005 Ravichandran, 1997, Properties and catalytic activity of acid-modified montmorillonite and vermiculite, Clay Clay Miner., 45, 854, 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450609 Grzybek, 2001, The influence of montmorillonite treatment on structure, sorption properties and catalytic behaviour: part I. Zirconia pillared clays modified with manganese as denox catalyts, Pol. J. Chem., 75, 857 Bhattacharyya, 2006, Kaolinite, montmorillonite, and their modified derivatives as adsorbents for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution, Sep. Purif. Technol., 50, 388, 10.1016/j.seppur.2005.12.014 Macht, 2011, Specific surface area of clay minerals: comparison between atomic force microscopy measurements and bulk-gas (N2) and -liquid (EGME) adsorption methods, Appl. Clay Sci., 53, 20, 10.1016/j.clay.2011.04.006 Kaufhold, 2010, N2-BET specific surface area of bentonites, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 349, 275, 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.05.018 Baldock, 2004, Settling velocity of sediments at high concentrations, Coast. Eng., 51, 91, 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2003.12.004 Camenen, 2008, Chapter 15 Settling velocity of sediments at high concentrations, 211, 10.1016/S1568-2692(08)80017-4 Winterwerp, 2002, On the flocculation and settling velocity of estuarine mud, Cont. Shelf Res., 22, 1339, 10.1016/S0278-4343(02)00010-9 Luckham, 1999, The colloidal and rheological properties of bentonite suspensions, Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci., 82, 43, 10.1016/S0001-8686(99)00005-6 Olphen, 1977 Kjellander, 1988, Double layer correlation forces restrict calcium clay swelling, J. Phys. Chem., 92, 6489, 10.1021/j100334a005 Hogg, 2000, Flocculation and dewatering, Int. J. Miner. Process., 58, 223, 10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00023-X Jonas, 2007, Enhanced flocculation and dewatering of clay mineral dispersions, Powder Technol., 179, 73, 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.11.008 Alam, 2011, Dewatering of coal plant tailings: flocculation followed by filtration, Fuel, 90, 26, 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.08.006 Dash, 2011, Studies on the effect of flocculant adsorption on the dewatering of iron ore tailings, Chem. Eng. J., 173, 318, 10.1016/j.cej.2011.07.034 Wang, 2014, Current state of fine mineral tailings treatment: a critical review on theory and practice, Miner. Eng., 58, 113, 10.1016/j.mineng.2014.01.018 Teh, 2009, Differences in the rheology and surface chemistry of kaolin clay slurries: the source of the variations, Chem. Eng. Sci., 64, 3817, 10.1016/j.ces.2009.05.015 Lagaly, 2006, Chapter 5 Colloid clay science, 141, 10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01005-6