Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Đặc điểm nguồn và đánh giá rủi ro sức khỏe con người đối với nitrate trong nước ngầm của đồng bằng Gangetic giữa, Ấn Độ
Tóm tắt
Ô nhiễm nitrate ($ {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-} $) là một mối quan tâm toàn cầu vì nó ảnh hưởng đến toàn bộ hệ sinh thái: con người, gia súc, kinh tế và môi trường. Nồng độ nitrate tăng cao trong nước ngầm có thể trực tiếp gây ra rủi ro cho dân số. Tổng cộng 156 mẫu nước ngầm đại diện đã được thu thập từ các nguồn nước ngầm như bơm tay và giếng khoan trong khu vực nghiên cứu. Để xác định nguồn gốc của nitrate cùng với các thuộc tính liên quan, các phương pháp thống kê đa biến (phân tích nhân tố (FA), phân tích thành phần chính thưa (SPCA)) đã được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu này. Ngoài ra, mô hình kriging Bayesian thực nghiệm (EBK) đã được sử dụng để dự đoán nitrate tại các vị trí không có máy đo trong khu vực nghiên cứu. Từ phân tích kết quả, phát hiện rằng 5% mẫu nước ngầm vượt quá giới hạn chấp nhận (50 mg l−1) của nitrate như chỉ định bởi Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới (WHO). Thành phần chính đầu tiên (PC) được chỉ định bởi SPCA là yếu tố độ mặn, mà có sự đóng góp đáng kể từ độ dẫn điện, tiếp theo là sulfate. Thành phần chính thứ tư đại diện cho nitrate như một yếu tố và tải trọng dương của nitrate có liên quan mạnh mẽ với clorua, sulfate và canxi. Lớp tải liên quan của nitrate với các thuộc tính chất lượng nước cho thấy rằng mức độ nitrate cao trong nước ngầm có thể do các nguồn bên ngoài phát sinh từ hoạt động nhân tạo. Một kết luận tương tự cũng được rút ra từ phân tích nhân tố, cho thấy rằng SPCA có thể được áp dụng như một phương pháp mới cho hóa lý nước ngầm. Tính toán chỉ số nguy hiểm cho thấy trẻ sơ sinh trong khu vực nghiên cứu có nguy cơ cao hơn so với người lớn và trẻ em.
Từ khóa
#Nitrate #nước ngầm #phân tích nhân tố #phân tích thành phần chính thưa #nguy cơ sức khỏe con người #đồng bằng GangeticTài liệu tham khảo
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