Sagittal crest morphology decoupled from relative bite performance in Pleistocene tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae)

Integrative Zoology - Tập 18 Số 2 - Trang 254-277 - 2023
Lisa Van Linden1, Kim STOOPS1, Larissa Costa Coimbra Santos Dumbá2, Mário Alberto Cozzuol2, Jamie A. MacLaren3,1
1Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
2Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil
3Evolution and Diversity Dynamics Lab, Department of Geology Université de Liège, Quartier Agora Liège Belgium

Tóm tắt

AbstractBite force is often associated with specific morphological features, such as sagittal crests. The presence of a pronounced sagittal crest in some tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) was recently shown to be negatively correlated with hard‐object feeding, in contrast with similar cranial structures in carnivorans. The aim of this study was to investigate bite forces and sagittal crest heights across a wide range of modern and extinct tapirs and apply a comparative investigation to establish whether these features are correlated across a broad phylogenetic scope. We examined a sample of 71 specimens representing 15 tapir species (5 extant, 10 extinct) using the dry‐skull method, linear measurements of cranial features, phylogenetic reconstruction, and comparative analyses. Tapirs were found to exhibit variation in bite force and sagittal crest height across their phylogeny and between different biogeographical realms, with high‐crested morphologies occurring mostly in Neotropical species. The highest bite forces within tapirs appear to be driven by estimates for the masseter–pterygoid muscle complex, rather than predicted forces for the temporalis muscle. Our results demonstrate that relative sagittal crest height is poorly correlated with relative cranial bite force, suggesting high force application is not a driver for pronounced sagittal crests in this sample. The divergent biomechanical capabilities of different contemporaneous tapirids may have allowed multiple species to occupy overlapping territories and partition resources to avoid excess competition. Bite forces in tapirs peak in Pleistocene species, independent of body size, suggesting possible dietary shifts as a potential result of climatic changes during this epoch.

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Integrative Zoology

Tập 18 Số 2

254-277

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