Antidiabetic Effects of Chamomile Flowers Extract in Obese Mice through Transcriptional Stimulation of Nutrient Sensors of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Family

S Smyth, 2006, Diabetes and obesity: the twin epidemics, Nat Med, 12, 75, 10.1038/nm0106-75

2003, Obesity and Overweight - Fact sheet

SE Kahn, 2006, Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, Nature, 444, 840, 10.1038/nature05482

SA Kliewer, 2001, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: from genes to physiology, Recent Prog Horm Res, 56, 239, 10.1210/rp.56.1.239

J Berger, 2002, The mechanisms of action of PPARs, Annu Rev Med, 53, 409, 10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104018

L Michalik, 2006, International Union of Pharmacology. LXI. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, Pharmacol Rev, 58, 726, 10.1124/pr.58.4.5

M Lehrke, 2005, The many faces of PPARgamma, Cell, 123, 993, 10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.026

M Moreno, 2010, PPARs: Nuclear Receptors Controlled by, and Controlling, Nutrient Handling through Nuclear and Cytosolic Signaling. PPAR Res 2010

2010, Regulators restrict Avandia in the US and suspend it in the EU, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 9, 828

CJ Rosen, 2010, Revisiting the rosiglitazone story--lessons learned, N Engl J Med, 363, 803, 10.1056/NEJMp1008233

CA Argmann, 2005, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: the more the merrier?, Eur J Clin Invest, 35, 80, 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01456.x

TA Cock, 2004, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: too much of a good thing causes harm, EMBO Rep, 5, 142, 10.1038/sj.embor.7400082

H Gronemeyer, 2004, Principles for modulation of the nuclear receptor superfamily, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 3, 950, 10.1038/nrd1551

B Pourcet, 2006, Selective PPAR modulators, dual and pan PPAR agonists: multimodal drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis, Expert Opin Emerg Drugs, 11, 379, 10.1517/14728214.11.3.379

JW Li, 2009, Drug discovery and natural products: end of an era or an endless frontier?, Science, 325, 161, 10.1126/science.1168243

A Ganesan, 2004, Natural products as a hunting ground for combinatorial chemistry, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 15, 584, 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.09.002

M Müller, 2003, Nutrigenomics: goals and strategies, Nat Rev Genet, 4, 315, 10.1038/nrg1047

U Kroll, 2006, Pharmaceutical prerequisites for a multi-target therapy, Phytomedicine, 13, 12, 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.03.016

T Wegener, 2006, The active components and the pharmacological multi-target principle of STW 5 (Iberogast), Phytomedicine, 13, 20, 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.07.001

C Weidner, 2012, Amorfrutins are potent antidiabetic dietary natural products, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109, 7257, 10.1073/pnas.1116971109

KJ Livak, 2001, Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method, Methods, 25, 402, 10.1006/meth.2001.1262

BM Spiegelman, 1998, PPAR-gamma: adipogenic regulator and thiazolidinedione receptor, Diabetes, 47, 507, 10.2337/diabetes.47.4.507

BM Spiegelman, 1983, Molecular cloning of mRNA from 3T3 adipocytes. Regulation of mRNA content for glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and other differentiation-dependent proteins during adipocyte development, J Biol Chem, 258, 10083, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44608-4

SB Joseph, 2003, Reciprocal regulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism by liver X receptors, Nat Med, 9, 213, 10.1038/nm820

P Portincasa, 2006, Current pharmacological treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver, Curr Med Chem, 13, 2889, 10.2174/092986706778521878

S Heikkinen, 2007, Evaluation of glucose homeostasis, Curr Protoc Mol Biol Chapter, 29, 10.1002/0471142727.mb29b03s77

GS Hotamisligil, 2006, Inflammation and metabolic disorders, Nature, 444, 860, 10.1038/nature05485

D Meierhofer, 2013, Protein sets define disease States and predict in vivo effects of drug treatment, Mol Cell Proteomics, 12, 1965, 10.1074/mcp.M112.025031

RM Evans, 2004, PPARs and the complex journey to obesity, Nat Med, 10, 355, 10.1038/nm1025

O Singh, 2011, Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, L

C Weidner, 2013, Amorfrutin B is an efficient natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist with potent glucose-lowering properties, Diabetologia

H Heinle, 2006, Intestinal spasmolytic effects of STW 5 (Iberogast) and its components, Phytomedicine, 13, 75, 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.03.013

B Hohenester, 2004, The herbal preparation STW5 (lberogast) has potent and region-specific effects on gastric motility, Neurogastroent Motil, 16, 765, 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2004.00548.x

M Cemek, 2008, Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative potential of Matricaria chamomilla L

A Kato, 2008, Protective effects of dietary chamomile tea on diabetic complications, J Agric Food Chem, 56, 8206, 10.1021/jf8014365

M Eddouks, 2005, Potent hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Chamaemelum nobile in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 67, 189, 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.07.015

Ak, 2006, Hepatoprotective Activity of Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Chamomile capitula in Paracetamol Intoxicated Albino Rats, Am J Pharmacol Toxicol, 1, 17, 10.3844/ajptsp.2006.17.20

F Lalloyer, 2010, Fibrates, glitazones, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 30, 894, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.179689

LS Doshi, 2010, Discovery and development of selective PPAR gamma modulators as safe and effective antidiabetic agents, Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 19, 489, 10.1517/13543781003640169

N Cho, 2008, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists as insulin sensitizers: from the discovery to recent progress, Curr Top Med Chem, 8, 1483, 10.2174/156802608786413474

N Harbourne, 2009, Optimisation of the extraction and processing conditions of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) for incorporation into a beverage, Food Chem, 115, 15, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.044

S Medjakovic, 2010, Potential health-modulating effects of isoflavones and metabolites via activation of PPAR and AhR, Nutrients, 2, 241, 10.3390/nu2030241

M Mueller, 2008, Oregano: a source for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonists, J Agric Food Chem, 56, 11621, 10.1021/jf802298w

YC Liang, 2001, Suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma by flavonoids in mouse macrophages, FEBS Lett, 496, 12, 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02393-6

AS Wilkinson, 2008, Effects of the mango components mangiferin and quercetin and the putative mangiferin metabolite norathyriol on the transactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoforms, J Agric Food Chem, 56, 3037, 10.1021/jf800046n

AC Puhl, 2012, Mode of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation by luteolin, Mol Pharmacol, 81, 788, 10.1124/mol.111.076216

KB Christensen, 2010, Identification of bioactive compounds from flowers of black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) that activate the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, Phytother Res, 24, S129, 10.1002/ptr.3005

MF McCarty, 2005, Nutraceutical resources for diabetes prevention--an update, Med Hypotheses, 64, 151, 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.03.036

CC Chuang, 2011, Potential mechanisms by which polyphenol-rich grapes prevent obesity-mediated inflammation and metabolic diseases, Annu Rev Nutr, 31, 155, 10.1146/annurev-nutr-072610-145149

X Yang, 2006, Nuclear receptor expression links the circadian clock to metabolism, Cell, 126, 801, 10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.050