The Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Annual Review of Public Health - Tập 28 Số 1 - Trang 235-258 - 2007
Craig J. Newschaffer1, Lisa Croen2, Julie L. Daniels3, Ellen Giarelli4, Judith K. Grether5, Susan E. Levy6, David S. Mandell6, Lisa A. Miller7, Jennifer Pinto‐Martin4, Judy Reaven8, Ann Reynolds8, Catherine E. Rice9, Diana Schendel9, Gayle C. Windham5
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102;
2Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, California 94612
3Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
4School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
5Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California 94804
6Department of Pediatrics, 7Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
7Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado 80246
8Department of Pediatrics, 10University of Colorado, Denver; Health Sciences Center, JFK Partners, Denver, Colorado 80218
9National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333

Tóm tắt

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex, lifelong, neurodevelopmental conditions of largely unknown cause. They are much more common than previously believed, second in frequency only to mental retardation among the serious developmental disorders. Although a heritable component has been demonstrated in ASD etiology, putative risk genes have yet to be identified. Environmental risk factors may also play a role, perhaps via complex gene-environment interactions, but no specific exposures with significant population effects are known. A number of endogenous biomarkers associated with autism risk have been investigated, and these may help identify significant biologic pathways that, in turn, will aid in the discovery of specific genes and exposures. Future epidemiologic research should focus on expanding population-based descriptive data on ASDs, exploring candidate risk factors in large well-designed studies incorporating both genetic and environmental exposure data and addressing possible etiologic heterogeneity in studies that can stratify case groups and consider alternate endophenotypes.

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Annual Review of Public Health

Tập 28 Số 1

235-258

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