Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation increases expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in papain-induced emphysematous lungs and inhibits apoptosis of lung cells

Pauwels, 2004, Burden and clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Lancet, 364, 613, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16855-4 Demedts, 2005, Matrix metalloproteinases in asthma and COPD, Curr Opin Pharmacol, 5, 257, 10.1016/j.coph.2004.12.005 Barnes, 2003, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: molecular and cellular mechanisms, Eur Respir J, 22, 672, 10.1183/09031936.03.00040703 Tang, 2004, Lung-targeted VEGF inactivation leads to an emphysema phenotype in mice, J Appl Physiol, 97, 1559, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00221.2004 Kasahara, 2000, Inhibition of VEGF receptors causes lung cell apoptosis and emphysema, J Clin Invest, 106, 1311, 10.1172/JCI10259 Tuder, 2003, Oxidative stress and apoptosis interact and cause emphysema due to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor blockade, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 29, 88, 10.1165/rcmb.2002-0228OC Tuder, 2008, Vascular endothelial growth factor of the lung: friend or foe, Curr Opin Pharmacol, 8, 255, 10.1016/j.coph.2008.03.003 Rojas, 2005, Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in repair of the injured lung, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 33, 145, 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0330OC Silva, 2005, Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into an endothelial phenotype, enhance vascular density, and improve heart function in a canine chronic ischemia model, Circulation, 111, 150, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000151812.86142.45 Petrache, 2008, Superoxide dismutase protects against apoptosis and alveolar enlargement induced by ceramide, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 295, L44, 10.1152/ajplung.00448.2007 Wong, 2007, Targeted cell replacement with bone marrow cells for airway epithelial regeneration, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 293, L740, 10.1152/ajplung.00050.2007 Uemura, 2006, Bone marrow stem cells prevent left ventricular remodeling of ischemic heart through paracrine signaling, Circ Res, 98, 1414, 10.1161/01.RES.0000225952.61196.39 Yamazaki, 2006, Molecular and functional diversity of vascular endothelial growth factors, Mol Divers, 10, 515, 10.1007/s11030-006-9027-3 Berse, 1992, Vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) gene is expressed differentially in normal tissues, macrophages, and tumors, Mol Biol Cell, 3, 211, 10.1091/mbc.3.2.211 Maniscalco, 1995, Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA increases in alveolar epithelial cells during recovery from oxygen injury, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 13, 377, 10.1165/ajrcmb.13.4.7546767 Voelkel, 2006, Vascular endothelial growth factor in the lung, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 290, L209, 10.1152/ajplung.00185.2005 Jakkula, 2000, Inhibition of angiogenesis decreases alveolarization in the developing rat lung, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 279, L600, 10.1152/ajplung.2000.279.3.L600 Carmeliet, 1999, Targeted deficiency or cytosolic truncation of the VE-cadherin gene in mice impairs VEGF-mediated endothelial survival and angiogenesis, Cell, 98, 147, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81010-7 Rehman, 2004, Secretion of angiogenic and antiapoptotic factors by human adipose stromal cells, Circulation, 109, 1292, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000121425.42966.F1 Grunewald, 2006, VEGF-induced adult neovascularization: recruitment, retention, and role of accessory cells, Cell, 124, 175, 10.1016/j.cell.2005.10.036 Brown, 2001, VEGF induces airway epithelial cell proliferation in human fetal lung in vitro, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 281, L1001, 10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.4.L1001 Wang, 2008, TGF-alpha increases human mesenchymal stem cell-secreted VEGF by MEK- and PI3-K- but not JNK- or ERK-dependent mechanisms, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 295, R1115, 10.1152/ajpregu.90383.2008 Lucey, 2002, Severity of elastase-induced emphysema is decreased in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta receptor-deficient mice, Lab Invest, 82, 79, 10.1038/labinvest.3780397 Vuillemenot, 2004, Lymphoid tissue and emphysema in the lungs of transgenic mice inducibly expressing tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 30, 438, 10.1165/rcmb.2003-0062OC Thurlbeck, 1967, Measurement of pulmonary emphysema, Am Rev Respir Dis, 95, 752 Loi, 2006, Limited restoration of cystic fibrosis lung epithelium in vivo with adult bone marrow-derived cells, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 173, 171, 10.1164/rccm.200502-309OC Ortiz, 2003, Mesenchymal stem cell engraftment in lung is enhanced in response to bleomycin exposure and ameliorates its fibrotic effects, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100, 8407, 10.1073/pnas.1432929100 Anjos-Afonso, 2004, In vivo contribution of murine mesenchymal stem cells into multiple cell-types under minimal damage conditions, J Cell Sci, 117, 5655, 10.1242/jcs.01488 van Haaften, 2009, Airway delivery of mesenchymal stem cells prevents arrested alveolar growth in neonatal lung injury in rats, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 180, 1131, 10.1164/rccm.200902-0179OC Aslam, 2009, Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate lung injury in a murine model of neonatal chronic lung disease, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 180, 1122, 10.1164/rccm.200902-0242OC Lee, 2009, Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of E. coli endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in the ex vivo perfused human lung, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, 16357, 10.1073/pnas.0907996106 Kasahara, 2001, Endothelial cell death and decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in emphysema, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163, 737, 10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.2002117 Murakami, 2005, Adrenomedullin regenerates alveoli and vasculature in elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 172, 581, 10.1164/rccm.200409-1280OC Kunter, 2006, Transplanted mesenchymal stem cells accelerate glomerular healing in experimental glomerulonephritis, J Am Soc Nephrol, 17, 2202, 10.1681/ASN.2005080815 Mayer, 2005, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) expression in human mesenchymal stem cells: autocrine and paracrine role on osteoblastic and endothelial differentiation, J Cell Biochem, 95, 827, 10.1002/jcb.20462 Salazar, 2009, Mesenchymal stem cells produce Wnt isoforms and TGF-beta1 that mediate proliferation and procollagen expression by lung fibroblasts, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 297, L1002, 10.1152/ajplung.90347.2008 Crisostomo, 2008, Human mesenchymal stem cells stimulated by TNF-alpha, LPS, or hypoxia produce growth factors by an NF kappa B- but not JNK-dependent mechanism, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 294, C675, 10.1152/ajpcell.00437.2007 Yagi, 2006, Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in airway epithelial cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Respiration, 73, 610, 10.1159/000090050 Wang, 2009, MEK mediates the novel cross talk between TNFR2 and TGF-EGFR in enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from human mesenchymal stem cells, Surgery, 146, 198, 10.1016/j.surg.2009.04.013