Patterns of neuronal coupling in the retina

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - Tập 13 - Trang 301-355 - 1994
David I. Vaney1
1Vision, Touch and Hearing Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ahnelt, 1986, Telodendrial contacts between foveolar cone pedicles in the human retina, Experentia, 42, 298, 10.1007/BF01942512 Ammermüller, 1993, A geometrical description of horizontal cell networks in the turtle retina, Brain Res., 616, 351, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90231-B Amthor, 1984, Morphology of on - off direction-selective ganglion cells in the rabbit retina, Brain Res., 298, 187, 10.1016/0006-8993(84)91167-3 Amthor, 1989, Morphologies of rabbit retinal ganglion cells with complex receptive fields, J. comp. Neurol., 280, 97, 10.1002/cne.902800108 Attwell, 1986, Ion channels and signal processing in the outer retina, Q. J. exp. Physiol., 71, 497, 10.1113/expphysiol.1986.sp003013 Audesirk, 1982, Variability and frequent failure of Lucifer yellow to pass between two electrically coupled neurons in Lymnaea stagnalis, J. Neurobiol., 13, 369, 10.1002/neu.480130407 Auerbach, 1969, A rectifying electrotonic synapse in the central nervous system of a vertebrate, J. gen. Physiol., 53, 211, 10.1085/jgp.53.2.211 Baldridge, 1987, Coupling in the absence of gap junctions in the fish double cone: a dye diffusion and freeze-fracture study, J. submicr. Cytol., 19, 545 Barlow, 1969, Three factors limiting the reliable detection of light by retinal ganglion cells of the cat, J. Physiol., 200, 1, 10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008679 Barlow, 1964, Retinal ganglion cells responding selectively to direction and speed of image motion in the rabbit, J. Physiol., 173, 377, 10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007463 Baylor, 1971, Receptive fields of cones in the retina of the turtle, J. Physiol., 214, 265, 10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009432 Bennett, 1978, Permeability of gap junctions between embryonic cells of Fundulus: A re-evaluation, Devl Biol., 65, 114, 10.1016/0012-1606(78)90184-7 Bloomfield, 1992, Relationship between receptive and dendritic field size of amacrine cells in the rabbit retina, J. Neurophysiol., 68, 711, 10.1152/jn.1992.68.3.711 Bloomfield, 1993, A comparison of receptive field and tracer coupling size of horizontal cells in the rabbit retina, Invest. Ophthal., 34, 1153 Bloomfield, 1982, A physiological and morphological study of the horizontal cell types of the rabbit retina, J. comp. Neurol., 208, 288, 10.1002/cne.902080306 Borges, 1987, Structure of the receptive fields of bipolar cells in the salamander retina, J. Neurophysiol., 58, 1275, 10.1152/jn.1987.58.6.1275 Boycott, 1988, Horizontal cells of mammalian retinae, Neurosci. Res. Suppl., 8, S97, 10.1016/0921-8696(88)90010-2 Boycott, 1973, The connections between bipolar cells and photoreceptors in the retina of the domestic cat, J. comp. Neurol., 148, 91, 10.1002/cne.901480106 Boycott, 1974, The morphological types of ganglion cells of the domestic cat's retina, J. Physiol., 240, 397, 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010616 Boycott, 1987, Cone connections of the horizontal cells of the rhesus monkey's retina, B229, 345 Brink, 1985, A model for the diffusion of fluorescent probes in the septate giant axon of earthworm: axoplasmic diffusion and junctional membrane permeability, Biophys. J., 48, 299, 10.1016/S0006-3495(85)83783-8 Burkhardt, 1977, Responses and receptive-field organization of cones in perch retinas, J. Neurophysiol., 40, 53, 10.1152/jn.1977.40.1.53 Capovilla, 1987, Voltage gain of signal transfer from retinal rods to bipolar cells in the tiger salamander, J. Physiol., 391, 125, 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016730 Chan, 1976, The amacrine cell, Vision Res., 16, 1119, 10.1016/0042-6989(76)90252-2 Cleland, 1975, Physiological identification of a morphological class of cat retinal ganglion cells, J. Physiol., 248, 151, 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp010967 Cohen, 1964, Some observations on the fine structure of the retinal receptors of the American gray squirrel, Invest. Ophthal., 3, 198 Cohen, 1965, Some electron microscopic observations on inter-receptor contacts in the human and macaque retinae, J. Anat., 99, 595 Cohen, 1986, Accumulation of (3H)glycine by cone bipolar neurons in the cat retina, J. comp. Neurol., 250, 1, 10.1002/cne.902500102 Cohen, 1990, Demonstration of cell types among cone bipolar neurons of cat retina, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B330, 305, 10.1098/rstb.1990.0201 Cohen, 1990, Convergence and divergence of cones onto bipolar cells in the central area of cat retina, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B330, 323, 10.1098/rstb.1990.0202 Copenhagen, 1976, Coupling between rod photoreceptors in a vertebrate retina, Nature, 260, 57, 10.1038/260057a0 Dacey, 1988, Dopamine-accumulating retinal neurons revealed by in vitro fluorescence display a unique morphology, Science, 240, 1196, 10.1126/science.3375811 Dacey, 1989, Axon-bearing amacrine cells of the macaque monkey retina, J. comp. Neurol., 284, 275, 10.1002/cne.902840210 Dacey, 1990, The dopaminergic amacrine cell, J. comp. Neurol., 316, 391 Dacey, 1992, A coupled network for parasol but not midget ganglion cells in the primate retina, Vis. Neurosci., 9, 279, 10.1017/S0952523800010695 Dacheux, 1982, Horizontal cells in the retina of the rabbit, J. Neurosci., 2, 1486, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.02-10-01486.1982 Dacheux, 1986, The rod pathway in the rabbit retina: a depolarizing bipolar and amacrine cell, J. Neurosci., 6, 331, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-02-00331.1986 Davanger, 1991, Glutamate, GABA, and glycine in the human retina: an immunocytochemical investigation, J. comp. Neurol., 311, 483, 10.1002/cne.903110404 Daw, 1990, Rod pathways in mammalian retinae, Trends Neurosci., 13, 110, 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90187-F De Monasterio, 1978, Spectral interactions in horizontal and ganglion cells of the isolated and arterially-perfused rabbit retina, Brain Res., 150, 239, 10.1016/0006-8993(78)90278-0 Devries, 1989, Modulation of an electrical synapse between solitary pairs of catfish horizontal cells by dopamine and second messengers, J. Physiol., 414, 351, 10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017692 Djamgoz, 1978, Effects of local chloride injection on lateral spread of signals in fish (roach) retina, Neurosci. Lett., 10, 23, 10.1016/0304-3940(78)90006-X Djamgoz, 1987, Intracellular staining of retinal neurones: applications to studies of functional organization, Vol. 6, 85 Djamgoz, 1984, The dendritic fields of functionally identified amacrine cells in a cyprinid fish retina, J. Physiol., 349, 21P Djamgoz, 1989, Amacrine cells in the retina of a cyprinid fish: functional characterization and intracellular labelling with horseradish peroxidase, Cell Tissue Res., 256, 607, 10.1007/BF00225611 Djamgoz, 1990, Variability of light-evoked response pattern and morphological characterization of amacrine cells in goldfish retina, J. comp. Neurol., 301, 171, 10.1002/cne.903010204 Dowling, 1979, Information processing by local circuits: the vertebrate retina as a model system, 163 Dowling, 1991, Retinal neuromodulation: the role of dopamine, Vis. Neurosci., 7, 87, 10.1017/S0952523800010968 Dowling, 1966, Organization of the primate retina: electron microscopy, B166, 80 Ehinger, 1976, Indoleamine-accumulating neurons in the retina of rabbit, cat and goldfish, Cell Tissue Res., 175, 37, 10.1007/BF00220821 Ehinger, 1979, Electron microscopy of the indoleamine-accumulating neurons in the retina of the rabbit, Cell Tissue Res., 197, 175, 10.1007/BF00233913 Fain, 1976, Receptor coupling in the toad retina, 40, 547 Famiglietti, 1981, Functional architecture of cone bipolar cells in mammalian retina, Vision Res., 21, 1559, 10.1016/0042-6989(81)90032-8 Famiglietti, 1983, “Starburst” amacrine cells and cholinergic neurons: mirror-symmetric ON and OFF amacrine cells of rabbit retina, Brain Res., 261, 138, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)91293-3 Famiglietti, 1991, Synaptic organization of starburst amacrine cells in rabbit retina: analysis of serial thin sections by electron microscopy and graphic reconstruction, J. comp. Neurol., 309, 40, 10.1002/cne.903090105 Famiglietti, 1992, Polyaxonal amacrine cells of rabbit retina: morphology and stratification of PA1 cells, J. comp. Neurol., 316, 391, 10.1002/cne.903160402 Famiglietti, 1992, Polyaxonal amacrine cells of rabbit retina: PA2, PA3, and PA4 cells, J. comp. Neurol., 316, 422, 10.1002/cne.903160404 Famiglietti, 1974, Gap junctions and two varieties of amacrine cell in the retina of the cat, Anat. Rec., 178, 353 Famiglietti, 1975, A bistratified amacrine cell and synaptic circuitry in the inner plexiform layer of the retina, Brain Res., 84, 293, 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90983-X Fisher, 1974, Synaptic connexions made by horizontal cells within the outer plexiform layer of the retina of the cat and the rabbit, B186, 317 Flagg-Newton, 1979, Experimental depression of junctional membrane permeability in mammalian cell culture: a study with tracer molecules in the 300 to 800 dalton range, J. membr. Biol., 50, 65, 10.1007/BF01868788 Flagg-Newton, 1980, Asymmetrically permeable membrane channels in cell junction, Science, 207, 771, 10.1126/science.7352287 Flagg-Newton, 1979, Permeability of the cell-to-cell membrane channels in mammalian cell junction, Science, 205, 404, 10.1126/science.377490 Freed, 1988, The ON-alpha ganglion cell of the cat retina and its presynaptic cell types, J. Neurosci., 8, 2303, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-07-02303.1988 Furshpan, 1959, Transmission at the giant motor synapses of crayfish, J. Physiol., 145, 289, 10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006143 Gallego, 1986, Comparative studies on horizontal cells and a note on microglial cells, Vol. 5, 165 Giaume, 1984, Voltage-dependent dye coupling at a rectifying electrotonic synapse of the crayfish, J. Physiol., 356, 151, 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015458 Ginzberg, 1985, Cell junctions in early embryos of squid (Loligo pealei), Cell Tissue Res., 239, 477, 10.1007/BF00219225 Goddard, 1991, Biocytin: intracellular staining, dye-coupling and imunocytochemistry in carp retina, NeuroReport, 2, 755, 10.1097/00001756-199112000-00006 Goddard, 1992, Intracellular recording, staining with biocytin and immunohistochemistry of amacrine cell networks in carp retina, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 18, 1027 Godley, 1988, Release of endogenous dopamine from the superfused rabbit retina in vitro: effect of light stimulation, Brain Res., 452, 393, 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90046-7 Goodenough, 1970, A fine structural analysis of intercellular junctions in the mouse liver, J. Cell Biol., 45, 272, 10.1083/jcb.45.2.272 Hall, 1985, Ultrastructure of the rectifying electrotonic synapses between giant fibres and pectoral fin adductor motor neurons in the hatchetfish, J. Neurocytol., 14, 825, 10.1007/BF01170831 Hampson, 1992, Regulation of gap-junction permeability between A-type horizontal cells in rabbit retina: effects of pH and dopamine, Invest. Ophthal., 33, 1406 Hampson, 1992, Dopaminergic modulation of gap junction permeability between amacrine cells in mammalian retina, J. Neurosci., 12, 4911, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-12-04911.1992 Hare, 1986, Morphology of physiologically identified bipolar cells in the retina of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, J. comp. Neurol., 252, 130, 10.1002/cne.902520108 Hassin, 1983, Intracellular recording from identified photoreceptors and horizontal cells of the Xenopus retina, Vision Res., 23, 921, 10.1016/0042-6989(83)90001-9 He, 1992, The preferred direction of the tracer coupled direction selective retinal ganglion cells may be to the anterior, 3, 170 Hendrickson, 1988, Localization of glycine-containing neurons in the Macaca monkey retina, J. comp. Neurol., 273, 473, 10.1002/cne.902730404 Hidaka, 1992, Coupling patterns of amacrine cells revealed by intracellular injection of biocytin in the dace retina, Invest. Ophthal., 33, 941 Horikawa, 1988, A versatile means of intracellular labeling: injection of biocytin and its detection with avidin conjugates, J. Neurosci. Meth., 25, 1, 10.1016/0165-0270(88)90114-8 Hsu, 1991, Computed spread of voltage between cones in monkey fovea, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 17, 298 Hughes, 1985, New perspectives in retinal organization, Vol. 4, 243 Jensen, 1982, Ganglion cells and (dye-coupled) amacrine cells in the turtle retina that have possible synaptic connection, Brain Res., 240, 146, 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90652-7 Kaneko, 1970, Physiological and morphological identification of horizontal, bipolar and amacrine cells in goldfish retina, J. Physiol., 207, 623, 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009084 Kaneko, 1971, Electrical connexions between horizontal cells in the dogfish retina, J. Physiol., 213, 95, 10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009370 Kaneko, 1973, Receptive field organization of bipolar and amacrine cells in the goldfish retina, J. Physiol., 235, 133, 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010381 Kaneko, 1987, The functional role of retinal horizontal cells, Jap. J. Physiol., 37, 341, 10.2170/jjphysiol.37.341 Kaneko, 1969, Electrophysiological study of single neurones in the inner nuclear layer of the carp retina, Vision Res., 9, 37, 10.1016/0042-6989(69)90030-3 Kaneko, 1984, Coupling between horizontal cells in the carp retina revealed by diffusion of Lucifer yellow, Neurosci. Lett., 47, 1, 10.1016/0304-3940(84)90377-X Kaneko, 1981, Morphological observation of retinal cells presumably made syncitial by an electrode penetration, J. Neurosci. Meth., 4, 299, 10.1016/0165-0270(81)90042-X Kim, 1992, Physiological and morphological correlations of horizontal cells in the mudpuppy retina, J. Neurophysiol., 67, 829, 10.1152/jn.1992.67.4.829 Kita, 1991, A biotin-containing compound N-(2-aminoethyl)-biotinamide for intracellular labeling and neuronal tracing studies: comparison with biocytin, J. Neurosci. Meth., 37, 141, 10.1016/0165-0270(91)90124-I Kittila, 1992, Neurobiotin defined morphology of direction-sensitive ganglion cells in turtle retina, Invest. Ophthal., 33, 940 Kolb, 1974, The connections between horizontal cells and photoreceptors in the retina of the cat: electron microscopy of Golgi preparations, J. comp. Neurol., 155, 1, 10.1002/cne.901550102 Kolb, 1977, The organization of the outer plexiform layer in the retina of the cat: electron microscopic observations, J. Neurocytol., 6, 131, 10.1007/BF01261502 Kolb, 1979, The inner plexiform layer in the retina of the cat: electron microscopic observations, J. Neurocytol., 8, 295, 10.1007/BF01236124 Kolb, 1974, Rod and cone pathways in the inner plexiform layer of cat retina, Science, 186, 47, 10.1126/science.186.4158.47 Kolb, 1976, Rod and cone pathways in the retina of the cat, Invest. Ophthal., 15, 935 Kolb, 1984, Synaptic organization of the outer plexiform layer of the turtle retina: an electron microscopic study of serial sections, J. Neurocytol., 13, 567, 10.1007/BF01148080 Kolb, 1983, Rod pathways in the retina of the cat, Vision Res., 23, 301, 10.1016/0042-6989(83)90078-0 Kolb, 1984, Neural architecture of the cat retina, Vol. 3, 21 Kolb, 1982, A-type horizontal cells of the superior edge of the linear visual streak of the rabbit retina have oriented, elongated dendritic trees, Vision Res., 22, 905, 10.1016/0042-6989(82)90027-X Kolb, 1981, Amacrine cells, bipolar cells and ganglion cells of the cat retina: a Golgi study, Vision Res., 21, 1081, 10.1016/0042-6989(81)90013-4 Kouyama, 1986, Gap-junctional contacts of luminosity-type horizontal cells in the carp retina: a novel pathway of signal conduction from the cell body to the axon terminal, J. comp. Neurol., 249, 404, 10.1002/cne.902490307 Kujiraoka, 1986, Electrical coupling between bipolar cells in carp retina, 83, 4063 Lankheet, 1990, Spatial properties of horizontal cell responses in the cat retina, Vision Res., 30, 1257, 10.1016/0042-6989(90)90001-2 Lasansky, 1973, Organization of the outer synaptic layer in the retina of the larval tiger salamander, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B265, 471, 10.1098/rstb.1973.0033 Lasansky, 1980, Lateral contacts and interactions of horizontal cell dendrites in the retina of the larval tiger salamander retina, J. Physiol., 301, 59, 10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013188 Lasater, 1987, Retinal horizontal cell gap junctional conductance is modulated by dopamine through a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, 84, 7319 Lasater, 1992, Membrane properties of distal retinal neurons, Vol. 11, 215 Lasater, 1985, Dopamine decreases conductance of the electrical junctions between cultured retinal horizontal cells, 82, 3025 Leventhal, 1981, Retinal ganglion cell classes in the old world monkey: morphology and central projections, Science, 213, 1139, 10.1126/science.7268423 Levick, 1967, Receptive fields and trigger features of ganglion cells in the visual streak of the rabbit's retina, J. Physiol., 188, 285, 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008140 Levick, 1965, Evidence that McIlwain's periphery effect is not a stray light artifact, J. Neurophysiol., 28, 555, 10.1152/jn.1965.28.3.555 Lo, 1979, Gap junctional communication in the post-implantation mouse embryo, Cell, 18, 411, 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90060-6 Loewenstein, 1981, Junctional intercellular communication: the cell-to-cell membrane channel, Physiol. Rev., 61, 829, 10.1152/physrev.1981.61.4.829 Loewenstein, 1964, Studies on an epithelial (gland) cell junction. I. Modifications of surface membrane permeability, J. Cell Biol., 22, 565, 10.1083/jcb.22.3.565 Macleod, 1992, A visual nonlinearity fed by single cones, Vision Res., 32, 347, 10.1016/0042-6989(92)90144-8 MacNichol, 1958, Electrical responses from the isolated retinas of fishes, Am. J. Ophthal., 46, 26, 10.1016/0002-9394(58)90053-9 Makowski, 1977, Gap junction structures. II. Analysis of X-ray diffraction data, J. Cell Biol., 74, 629, 10.1083/jcb.74.2.629 Maranto, 1982, Neuronal mapping: a photo-oxidation reaction makes Lucifer yellow useful for electron microscopy, Science, 217, 953, 10.1126/science.7112109 Marc, 1989, The role of glycine in the mammalian retina, Vol. 8, 67 Marc, 1985, (3H) glycine-accumulating neurons of the human retina, J. comp. Neurol., 232, 241, 10.1002/cne.902320209 Marc, 1978, GABA-ergic pathways in the goldfish retina, J. comp. Neurol., 182, 221, 10.1002/cne.901820204 Marc, 1988, Gap junctions in the inner plexiform layer of the goldfish retina, Vision Res., 28, 9, 10.1016/S0042-6989(88)80002-6 Marchiafava, 1976, Centrifugal actions on amacrine and ganglion cells in the retina of the turtle, J. Physiol., 255, 137, 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011273 Marchiafava, 1977, Self-facilitation of ganglion cells in the retina of the turtle, J. Physiol., 268, 335, 10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011860 Mariani, 1987, Neuronal and synaptic organization of the outer plexiform layer of the pigeon retina, Am. J. Anat., 179, 25, 10.1002/aja.1001790105 Mariani, 1984, Dopamine-containing amacrine cells of rhesus monkey retina parallel rods in spatial distribution, Brain Res., 322, 1, 10.1016/0006-8993(84)91174-0 Martin, 1992, Spatial density and immunoreactivity of bipolar cells in the macaque monkey retina, J. comp. Neurol., 323, 269, 10.1002/cne.903230210 Massey, 1990, Cell types using glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the vertebrate retina, Vol. 9, 399 Mastronarde, 1983, Correlated firing of cat retinal ganglion cells. I. Spontaneously active inputs to X- and Y-cells, J. Neurophysiol., 49, 303, 10.1152/jn.1983.49.2.303 Mastronarde, 1983, Interactions between ganglion cells in cat retina, J. Neurophysiol., 49, 350, 10.1152/jn.1983.49.2.350 Mastronarde, 1989, Correlated firing of retinal ganglion cells, Trends Neurosci., 12, 75, 10.1016/0166-2236(89)90140-9 Matsumoto, 1975, Responses of the amacrine cell to optic nerve stimulation in the frog retina, Vision Res., 15, 509, 10.1016/0042-6989(75)90028-0 McDonald, 1992, Neuroanatomical labeling with biocytin: a review, NeuroReport, 3, 821, 10.1097/00001756-199210000-00001 McGuire, 1984, Microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina, J. Neurosci., 4, 2920, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-12-02920.1984 McGuire, 1986, Microcircuitry of beta ganglion cells in cat retina, J. Neurosci., 6, 907, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-04-00907.1986 McIlwain, 1964, Receptive fields of optic tract axons and lateral geniculate cells; periphery extent and barbiturate sensitivity, J. Neurophysiol., 27, 1154, 10.1152/jn.1964.27.6.1154 McNaughton, 1990, Light response of vertebrate photoreceptors, Physiol. Rev., 70, 847, 10.1152/physrev.1990.70.3.847 Mills, 1991, Labeling and distribution of AII amacrine cells in the rabbit retina, J. comp. Neurol., 304, 491, 10.1002/cne.903040312 Mills, 1991, Intracellular injection of neurobiotin reveals dye coupling in the rabbit retina, Invest. Ophthal., 32, 1130 Mills, 1992, Morphology of bipolar cells labeled by DAPI in the rabbit retina, J. comp. Neurol., 321, 133, 10.1002/cne.903210112 Missotten, 1963, L'ultrastructure des synapses des cellules visuelles de la rétine humaine, Bull. men. Soc. Fr. Ophthal., 76, 59 Müller, 1988, Pharmacological modulation of the rod pathway in the cat retina, J. Neurophysiol., 59, 1657, 10.1152/jn.1988.59.6.1657 Naka, 1975, Morphological and functional identifications of catfish retinal neurons. I. Classical morphology, J. Neurophysiol., 38, 53, 10.1152/jn.1975.38.1.53 Naka, 1981, Direct electrical connections between transient amacrine cells in the catfish retina, Science, 214, 462, 10.1126/science.7291987 Naka, 1967, The generation and spread of S-potentials in fish (Cyprinidae), J. Physiol., 192, 437, 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008308 Naka, 1991, Network mechanisms in the vertebrate retina, News Physiol. Sci., 6, 214 Naka, 1975, Morphological and functional identifications of catfish retinal neurons. III. Functional identification, J. Neurophysiol., 38, 92, 10.1152/jn.1975.38.1.92 Negishi, 1989, Dendritic morphology of a class of interstitial amacrine cells in carp retina, Vol. H31, 133 Negishi, 1990, Close tip-to-tip contacts between dendrites of transient amacrine cells in carp retina, Neurosci. Lett., 115, 1, 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90507-6 Negishi, 1988, Identification of horizontal cells generating different spectral responses in the retina of a teleost fish (Eugerres plumieri), J. Neurosci. Res., 20, 246, 10.1002/jnr.490200214 Negishi, 1990, The dopamine system of the teleost fish retina, Vol. 9, 1 Negishi, 1991, Dendritic contacts between neighboring homologous amacrine cells in carp retina, Neurosci. Res., 15, S145 Nelson, 1977, Cat cones have rod input: a comparison of the response properties of cones and horizontal cell bodies in the retina of the cat, J. comp. Neurol., 172, 109, 10.1002/cne.901720106 Nelson, 1982, AII amacrine cells quicken time course of rod signals in the cat retina, J. Neurophysiol., 47, 928, 10.1152/jn.1982.47.5.928 Nelson, 1983, Synaptic patterns and response properties of bipolar and ganglion cells in the cat retina, Vision Res., 23, 1183, 10.1016/0042-6989(83)90032-9 Nelson, 1975, Horizontal cells in cat retina with independent dendritic systems, Science, 189, 137, 10.1126/science.1138370 Nicholls, 1970, Monosynaptic chemical and electrical connexions between sensory and motor cells in the central nervous system of the leech, J. Physiol., 209, 647, 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009184 Norton, 1968, Receptive field organization of the S-potential, Science, 160, 1021, 10.1126/science.160.3831.1021 Osborne, 1986, Direct histochemical localisation of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and the uptake of serotonin by a subpopulation of GABA neurones in the rabbit retina, Brain Res., 382, 158, 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90125-3 Oyster, 1968, The analysis of image motion by the rabbit retina, J. Physiol., 199, 613, 10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008671 Oyster, 1967, Direction-selective units in rabbit retina: distribution of preferred directions, Science, 155, 841, 10.1126/science.155.3764.841 Parkinson, 1983, Effect of light on dopamine turnover and metabolism in rabbit retina, Invest. Ophthal., 24, 384 Peichl, 1981, Morphological identification of on- and off-centre brisk transient (Y) cells in the cat retina, B212, 139 Peichl, 1983, The structural correlate of the receptive field centre of a ganglion cells in the cat retina, J. Physiol., 341, 309, 10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014807 Penn, 1992, Junctional coupling between neurons in the developing mammalian retina, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 18, 923 Perez-Armendariz, 1991, Biophysical properties of gap junctions between freshly dispersed pairs of mouse pancreatic beta cells, Biophys. J., 59, 76, 10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82200-7 Perry, 1980, Amacrine cells, displaced amacrine cells and interplexiform cells in the retina of the rat, B208, 415 Picanço-Dinez, 1992, Biocytin as a retrograde tracer in the mammalian visual system, Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 25, 57 Piccolino, 1987, Horizontal cells: historical controversies and new interest, Vol. 6, 147 Piccolino, 1982, γ-Aminobutyric acid antagonists decrease junctional communication between l-horizontal cells of the retina, 79, 3671 Piccolino, 1984, Decrease of gap junction permeability induced by dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in horizontal cells of turtle retina, J. Neurosci., 4, 2477, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-10-02477.1984 Piccolino, 1987, Dopaminergic mechanisms underlying the reduction of electrical coupling between horizontal cells of the turtle retina induced by d-amphetamine, bicuculline, and veratridine, J. Neurosci., 7, 2273 Pourcho, 1980, Uptake of [3H]glycine and [3H]GABA by amacrine cells in the cat retina, Brain Res., 198, 333, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90748-9 Pourcho, 1982, Dopaminergic amacrine cells in the cat retina, Brain Res., 252, 101, 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90982-9 Pourcho, 1985, A combined Golgi and autoradiographic study of (3H)glycine-accumulating amacrine cells in the cat retina, J. comp. Neurol., 233, 473, 10.1002/cne.902330406 Pourcho, 1987, A combined Golgi and autoradiographic study of 3H-glycine-accumulating cone bipolar cells in the cat retina, J. Neurosci., 7, 1178, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-04-01178.1987 Pourcho, 1987, Visualization of endogenous glycine in cat retina: an immunocytochemical study with Fab fragments, J. Neurosci., 7, 1189, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-04-01189.1987 Ransom, 1990, Electrical coupling, without dye coupling, between mammalian astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in cell culture, Glia, 3, 258, 10.1002/glia.440030405 Raviola, 1976, Intercellular junctions in the outer plexiform layer of the retina, Invest. Ophthal., 15, 881 Raviola, 1983, Variations in structure and response properties of horizontal cells in the retina of the rabbit, Vision Res., 23, 1221, 10.1016/0042-6989(83)90097-4 Raviola, 1990, Axonless horizontal cells of the rabbit retina: synaptic connections and origin of the rod aftereffect, J. Neurocytol., 19, 731, 10.1007/BF01188041 Raviola, 1973, Gap junctions between photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina, 70, 1667 Raviola, 1975, Intramembrane organization of specialized contacts in the outer plexiform layer of the retina. A freeze-fracture study in monkey and rabbit, J. Cell Biol., 65, 192, 10.1083/jcb.65.1.192 Raviola, 1982, Structure of the synaptic membranes in the inner plexiform layer of the retina: a freeze-fracture study in monkeys and rabbits, J. comp. Neurol., 209, 233, 10.1002/cne.902090303 Raviola, 1967, Light and electron microscopic observations on the inner plexiform layer of the rabbit retina, Am. J. anat., 120, 403, 10.1002/aja.1001200303 Reale, 1978, Communicating junctions of the human sensory retina. A freeze-fracture study, Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. exp. Ophthal., 208, 77, 10.1007/BF00406984 Revel, 1967, Hexagonal arrays of subunits in intercellular junctions of the mouse heart and liver, J. Cell Biol., 33, C7, 10.1083/jcb.33.3.C7 Ringham, 1975, Localization and electrical characteristics of a giant synapse in the spinal cord of the lamprey, J. Physiol., 251, 395, 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp011100 Rodieck, 1991, Parasol retinal ganglion cells in macaques connect intracellularly to other parasol cells, and to amacrine cells found in the ganglion cell layer, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 17, 1375 Rodieck, 1985, Parasol and midget ganglion cells of the human retina, J. comp. Neurol., 233, 115, 10.1002/cne.902330107 Sagar, 1986, NADPH diaphorase histochemistry in the rabbit retina, Brain Res., 373, 153, 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90325-2 Sagar, 1987, Somatostatin-like immunoreactive material in the rabbit retina: immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies, J. comp. Neurol., 266, 291, 10.1002/cne.902660212 Sagar, 1990, NADPH-diaphorase reactive neurons of the rabbit retina: differential sensitivity to excitotoxins and unusual morphologic features, J. comp. Neurol., 300, 309, 10.1002/cne.903000304 Saito, 1983, Morphology of physiologically identified X-, Y-, and W-type retinal ganglion cells of the cat, J. comp. Neurol., 221, 279, 10.1002/cne.902210304 Saito, 1982, Physiological and morphological identification of two types of on-center bipolar cells in the carp retina, J. comp. Neurol., 205, 161, 10.1002/cne.902050207 Saito, 1988, Characteristics of bipolar-bipolar coupling in the carp retina, J. gen. Physiol., 91, 275, 10.1085/jgp.91.2.275 Saito, 1974, C- and L-type horizontal cells in the turtle retina, Vision Res., 14, 119, 10.1016/0042-6989(74)90125-4 Sakai, 1993, Amacrine cells are labelled after iontophoretic injection of Neurobiotin into ganglion cells but not by passive diffusion of Neurobiotin from retrogradely-filled ganglion cells, Invest. Ophthal., 34, 1153 Sakai, 1986, Synaptic organization of the cone horizontal cells in the catfish retina, J. comp. Neurol., 245, 107, 10.1002/cne.902450108 Sakai, 1988, Neuron network in catfish retina: 1968 – 1987, Vol. 7, 149 Sakai, 1988, Dissection of the neuron network in the catfish retina. II. Interactions between ganglion cells, J. Neurophysiol., 60, 1568, 10.1152/jn.1988.60.5.1568 Sakai, 1990, Dissection of the neuron network in the catfish retina. IV. Bidirectional interactions between amacrine and ganglion cells, J. Neurophysiol., 63, 105, 10.1152/jn.1990.63.1.105 Sakai, 1986, Ganglion cell dendrites are presynaptic in the catfish retina, Nature, 319, 495, 10.1038/319495a0 Sakai, 1993, Neuron network of the inner retina revealed by Neurobiotin tracer-coupling, Invest. Ophthal., 34, 985 Sandell, 1985, NADPH diaphorase cells in the mammalian inner retina, J. comp. Neurol., 238, 466, 10.1002/cne.902380410 Sandell, 1986, A system of indoleamine-accumulating neurons in the rabbit retina, J. comp. Neurol., 283, 303, 10.1002/cne.902830210 Sandell, 1989, Connections of indoleamine-accumulating cells in the rabbit retina, J. comp. Neurol., 283, 303, 10.1002/cne.902830210 Schaeffer, 1982, Membrane specialization in the outer plexiform layer of the turtle retina, J. comp. Neurol., 204, 253, 10.1002/cne.902040305 Schwarzmann, 1981, Diameter of the cell-to-cell junctional membrane channels as probed with neutral molecules, Science, 213, 551, 10.1126/science.7244653 Shapley, 1986, Cat and monkey retinal gangion cells and their visual functional roles, Trends Neurosci., 9, 229, 10.1016/0166-2236(86)90064-0 Silveira, 1991, The topography of magnocellular projecting ganglion cells (M-ganglion cells) in the primate retina, Neuroscience, 9, 229 Simon, 1973, Two types of luminosity horizontal cells in the retina of the turtle, J. Physiol., 230, 199, 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010183 Sjöstrand, 1958, Ultrastructure of retinal rod synapses of the guinea pig eye as revealed by three-dimensional reconstructions from serial sections, J. ultrastruct. Res., 2, 122, 10.1016/S0022-5320(58)90050-9 Smith, 1986, Microcircuitry of the dark-adapted cat retina: functional architecture of the rod-cone network, J. Neurosci., 6, 3505, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-12-03505.1986 Sobrino, 1970, Celulas amacrinas de la capa plexiforme externa de la retina, Actas Soc. esp. Cien. Fisiol., 12, 373 Steinberg, 1969, Rod and cone contributions to S-potentials from the cat retina, Vision Res., 9, 1319, 10.1016/0042-6989(69)90069-8 Steinberg, 1971, Incremental responses to light recorded from pigment epithelial cells and horizontal cell of the cat retina, J. Physiol., 217, 93, 10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009561 Steinberg, 1970, Identification of horizontal cells as S-potential generators in the cat retina by intracellular dye injection, Vision Res., 10, 817, 10.1016/0042-6989(70)90160-4 Stell, 1975, Horizontal cell axons and axon terminals in goldfish retina, J. comp. Neurol., 159, 503, 10.1002/cne.901590405 Sterling, 1983, Microcircuitry of the cat retina, A. Rev. Neurosci., 6, 149, 10.1146/annurev.ne.06.030183.001053 Sterling, 1988, Architecture of rod and cone circuits to the on-beta ganglion cell, J. Neurosci., 8, 623, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-02-00623.1988 Stevens, 1980, Toward a functional architecture of the retina: serial reconstruction of adjacent ganglion cells, Science, 207, 317, 10.1126/science.7350663 Stewart, 1978, Functional connections between cells as revealed by dye-coupling with a highly fluorescent naphthalimide tracer, Cell, 14, 741, 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90256-8 Stone, 1987, Center-surround organization of Xenopus horizontal cells and its modification by γ-aminobutyric acid and strontium, Expl Biol., 47, 1 Stone, 1990, A chromatic horizontal cell in the xenopus retina: intracellular staining and synaptic pharmacology, J. Neurophysiol., 64, 1683, 10.1152/jn.1990.64.6.1683 Strettoi, 1990, Synaptic connections of rod bipolar cells in the inner plexiform layer of the rabbit retina, J. comp. Neurol., 295, 446449, 10.1002/cne.902950309 Strettoi, 1992, Synaptic connections of the narrow-field, bistratified rod amacrine cell (AII) in the rabbit retina, J. comp. Neurol., 325, 152, 10.1002/cne.903250203 Stretton, 1968, Neuronal geometry: determination with a technique of intracellular dye injection, Science, 162, 132, 10.1126/science.162.3849.132 Svaetichin, 1953, The cone action potential, Acta physiol. scand., 29, 565 Tauchi, 1984, The shape and arrangement of the cholinergic neurons in the rabbit retina, B223, 101 Tauchi, 1990, Shapes and distributions of the catecholamine-accumulating neurons in the rabbit retina, B293, 178 Teranishi, 1991, Dendritic morphology of a class of interstitial and normally placed amacrine cells revealed by intracellular Lucifer Yellow injection in carp retina, Vision Res., 31, 463, 10.1016/0042-6989(91)90098-P Teranishi, 1983, Dopamine modulates S-potential amplitude and dye-coupling between external horizontal cells in carp retina, Nature, 301, 243, 10.1038/301243a0 Teranishi, 1984, Regulatory effect of dopamine on spatial properties of horizontal cells in carp retina, J. Neurosci., 4, 1271, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-05-01271.1984 Teranishi, 1984, Dye coupling between amacrine cells in carp retina, Neurosci. Lett., 51, 73, 10.1016/0304-3940(84)90265-9 Teranishi, 1987, Functional and morphological correlates of amacrine cells in carp retina, Neuroscience, 20, 935, 10.1016/0306-4522(87)90254-5 Tomita, 1958, The fish EIRG in response to different types of illumination, Jap. J. Physiol., 8, 41, 10.2170/jjphysiol.8.41 Tornqvist, 1988, Modulation of cone horizontal cell activity in the telesot fish retina. III. Effects of prolonged darkness and dopamine on electrical coupling between horizontal cells, J. Neurosci., 8, 2279, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-07-02279.1988 Tsukamoto, 1992, Gap junctions between the pedicles of macaque foveal cones, Vision Res., 32, 1809, 10.1016/0042-6989(92)90042-H Uga, 1970, Some new findings in the fine structure of the human photoreceptor cell, J. Electron Microsc., 19, 71 Umino, 1993, Electrical coupling between bipolar cells in the retina, Invest. Opthal., 34, 984 Vaney, 1984, ‘Coronate’ amacrine cells in the rabbit retina have the ‘starburst’ dendritic morphology, B220, 501 Vaney, 1985, The morphology and topographic distribution of AII amacrine cells in the cat retina, B224, 475 Vaney, 1986, Morphological identification of serotonin-accumulating neurons in the living retina, Science, 233, 444, 10.1126/science.3726538 Vaney, 1990, The mosaic of amacrine cells in the mammalian retina, Vol. 9, 49 Vaney, 1990, Biocytin dye-coupling reveals subpopulations of direction-selective ganglion cells in rabbit retina, 1, 136 Vaney, 1991, Many diverse types of retinal neurons show tracer coupling when injected with biocytin or Neurobiotin, Neurosci. Lett., 125, 187, 10.1016/0304-3940(91)90024-N Vaney, 1992, Neurobiotin injection reveals the complete morphology and coupled somatic mosaic of axon-bearing amacrine cells in mammalian retinae, 3, 63 Vaney, 1992, Photochromic intensification of diaminobenzidine reaction product in the presence of tetrazolium salts: applications for intracellular labelling and immunohistochemistry, J. Neurosci. Meth., 44, 217, 10.1016/0165-0270(92)90013-4 Vaney, 1993, Dendritic plexus of direction selective ganglion cells in rabbit retina, Invest. Ophthal., 34, 985 Vaney, 1993, The coupling pattern of axon-bearing horizontal cells in the mammalian retina, B252, 93 Vaney, 1994, Territorial organization of direction-selective retinal ganglion cells, J. Neurosci., 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-11-06301.1994 Vaney, 1989, Is there more than meets the eye?, 74 Vaney, 1988, GABA-like immunoreactivity in NADPH-diaphorase amacrine cells of the rabbit retina, Brain Res., 474, 380, 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90455-6 Vaney, 1988, Neurofibrillar long-range amacrine cells in mammalian retinae, B235, 203 Vaney, 1989, Dendritic relationships between cholinergic amacrine cells and direction-selective retinal ganglion cells, Vol. H31, 157 Vaney, 1991, Rod-signal interneurons in the rabbit retina:2. AII amacrine cells, J. comp. Neurol., 310, 154, 10.1002/cne.903100203 Vaney, 1991, The rod circuit in the rabbit retina, Vis. Neurosci., 7, 141, 10.1017/S0952523800011019 Van Haesendonck, 1983, Interbipolar contacts in the dorsal inner plexiform layer in the retina of Callionymus lyra L, J. ultrastruct. Res., 83, 303, 10.1016/S0022-5320(83)90137-5 Voigt, 1987, Dopaminergic innervation of AII amacrine cells in mammalian retina, J. Neurosci., 7, 4115, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-12-04115.1987 Warner, 1982, Permeability of gap junctions at the segmental border in insect epidermis, Cell, 28, 243, 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90342-7 Wässle, 1991, Functional architecture of the mammalian retina, Physiol. Rev., 71, 447, 10.1152/physrev.1991.71.2.447 Wässle, 1988, Dopaminergic and indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells express GABA-like immunoreactivity in the cat retina, J. Neurosci., 8, 3383, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-09-03383.1988 Wässle, 1981, Morphology and topography of on- and off-alpha cells in the cat retina, B212, 157 Wässle, 1981, Dendritic territories of cat retinal ganglion cells, Nature, 292, 344, 10.1038/292344a0 Weiler, 1979, The axon-bearing horizontal cells in the teleost retina are functional as well as structural units, Vision Res., 19, 1261, 10.1016/0042-6989(79)90193-7 Werblin, 1978, Transmission along and between rods in the tiger salamander retina, J. Physiol., 280, 449, 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012394 Wieniawa-Narkiewicz, 1992, The superficial plexiform layer: a third retinal association area, J. comp. Neurol., 324, 463, 10.1002/cne.903240402 Williams, 1981, Electrical coupling among heart cells in the absence of ultrastructurally defined gap junctions, J. membr. Biol., 60, 237, 10.1007/BF01992561 Witkovsky, 1992, Functional roles of dopamine in the vertebrate retina, Vol. 10, 247 Witkovsky, 1969, Synaptic relationships in the plexiform layers of carp retina, Z. Zellforsch., 100, 60, 10.1007/BF00343821 Witkovsky, 1981, Synapse formation and modification between distal retinal neurons in larval and juvenile Xenopus, B211, 373 Witkovsky, 1973, Retinal structure in the smooth dogfish Mustulus canis: electron microscopy of serially sectioned bipolar cell synaptic terminals, J. comp. Neurol., 150, 147, 10.1002/cne.901500204 Witkovsky, 1979, Synaptic connections linking cones and horizontal cells in the retina of the pikeperch (Stizostedian vitreum), J. comp. Neurol., 186, 541, 10.1002/cne.901860404 Witkovsky, 1983, Gap junctions among the perikarya, dendrites, and axon terminals of the luminosity-type horizontal cell of the turtle retina, J. comp. Neurol., 216, 359, 10.1002/cne.902160402 Witkovsky, 1988, Morphology and synaptic connections of HRP-filled, axon-bearing horizontal cells in the Xenopus retina, J. comp. Neurol., 275, 29, 10.1002/cne.902750104 Wong, 1986, Bistratified amacrine cells in the retina of the tammar wallaby — Macropus eugenii, Expl Brain Res., 63, 102, 10.1007/BF00235651 Wong-Riley, 1974, Synaptic organization of the inner plexiform layer in the retina of the tiger salamander, J. Neurocytol., 3, 1, 10.1007/BF01111929 Wright, 1992, Morphologies and mosaics of axon-bearing amacrine cells in the rabbit retina: a Neurobiotin tracer-coupling study, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 18, 1027 Wu, 1991, Signal transmission and adaptation-induced modulation of photoreceptor synapses in the retina, Vol. 10, 27 Wyatt, 1975, Directionally sensitive ganglion cells in the rabbit retina: specificity for stimulus direction, size, and speed, J. Neurophysiol., 38, 613, 10.1152/jn.1975.38.3.613 Yagi, 1986, Interaction between the soma and the axon terminal of retinal horizontal cells in Cyprinus carpio, J. Physiol., 375, 121, 10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp016109 Yamada, 1965, The fine structure of the horizontal cells in some vertebrate retinas, 30, 383 Yang, 1989, Modulation of rod - cone coupling by light, Science, 244, 352, 10.1126/science.2711185 Zimmerman, 1983, Bar synapses and gap junctions in the inner plexiform layer: synaptic relationships of the interstitial amacrine cell of the retina of the cichlid fish, Astronotus ocellatus, J. comp. Neurol., 218, 471, 10.1002/cne.902180410