Analysis of water application cost with permanent set sprinkler irrigation systems
Tóm tắt
In order to identify the subunit design incurring the lowest costs, it is necessary to consider various factors, thereby assuring the correct hydraulic performance of the subunit. Water application costs with a sprinkler irrigation system comprise: investment cost (pumps plant, pipes, sprinklers, ditches), energy, manpower, maintenance and water costs. This work analyses the influence of different design and performance factors, such as subunit arrangement, spacing, working pressure, average application rate, and application efficiency on water application costs in a permanent set sprinkler irrigation subunit. The results show that the most important factor is the spacing between sprinklers. The next most important factor is the shape of the subunit (number of laterals and number of sprinklers per lateral). Working pressure is important too, since a decrease in pressure will result in a decrease in energy costs, although pipe diameter will need to increase. The higher the average application rate of the system, the higher the water application cost. The influence of irrigation efficiency is higher as water price increases. The water application cost can be reduced by 40% when application efficiency increases from 60% to 90%.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Esquiroz O, Puig J (2001) Optimización económica de instalaciones de riego en parcela. XIX Congreso Nacional de Riegos y Drenaje. Zaragoza, Spain
Juan JA de, Tarjuelo JM, Ortega JF, Valiente M, Carrion P (1999) Management of water consumption in agriculture: a model for the economic optimisation of water use: application to a sub-humid area. Agric Water Manage 40:303–313
Keller J, Bliesner RD (1990) Sprinkle and tickle irrigation. AVI Books, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
Montero J (1999) Análisis de la distribución de agua en riego por aspersión estacionario. Desarrollo del modelo de simulación de riego por aspersión SIRIAS. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Albacete, Spain
Ortega JF, Juan JA de, Tarjuelo JM (2004) Evaluation of the water cost effect on water resource management: application to typical crops in a semiarid region. Agric Water Manage 66:125–144
Tarjuelo JM (1999) El riego por aspersión y su tecnología. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid
Tarjuelo JM, Montero J, Carrión PA, Honrubia FT, Calvo MA (1999a) Irrigation uniformity with medium size sprinklers. Part II. Influence of wind and other factors on water distribution. Trans ASAE 42:677–689
Tarjuelo JM, Montero J, Honrubia FT, Ortiz JJ, Ortega JF (1999b) Analysis of uniformity of sprinkle irrigation in a semi-arid area. Agric Water Manage 40:315–331
Tarjuelo JM, Ortega JF, Montero J, Juan JA de (2000) Modelling evaporation and drift losses in irrigation with medium size impact sprinklers under semi-arid conditions. Agric Water Manage 43:263–284