The altitude effect of δ 18O in precipitation and river water in the Southern Himalayas
Tóm tắt
The lapse rate of water isotopes is used in the study of the hydrologic cycle as well as in the estimation of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. The greater elevation contrast in the Southern Himalayas allows for a detailed discussion about this lapse rate. We analyze variations of δ
18O in precipitation and river water between 1320 m and 6700 m elevations in the Southern Himalayas, and calculate the specific lapse rate of water δ
18O. The results show that the multi-year average lapse rate in precipitation over this region is 0.15‰/100 m. The one-year average lapse rate is 0.17‰/100 m from three sites along the Southern Himalayas. The two results agree, but are much lower than the global average of 0.28‰/100 m. This work also shows that there is a difference in precipitation δ
18O lapse rate between the monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. The calculated precipitation lapse rate is much lower than that in surface water.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Yao T D. Ice core study of the Tibetan Plateau (in Chinese). J Glaciol Geocryol, 1998, 20: 233–237
Yao T D, Duan K Q, Tian L D, et al. Dasuopu ice core accumulation records and the change of Indian monsoon precipitation for past 400 a (in Chinese). Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci, 2000, 30: 619–627
Johnsen S J, Dahl Jensen D, Gundestrup N, et al. Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice core stations: Camp Century, Dye 3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and North GRIP. J Quat Sci, 2001, 16: 299–307
Jouzel J, Alley R B, Cuffey K, et al. Validity of the temperature reconstruction from water isotopes in ice cores. J Geophys Res, 1997, 102: 26471–26487
Johnsen S J, Clausen H B, Dansgaard W, et al. The δ 18O record along the Greenland Ice Core Project deep ice core and the problem of possible Eemian climatic instability. J Geophys Res, 1997, 102: 26397–26410
Johnson K R, Ingram B L. Spatial and temporal variability in the stable isotope systematics of modern precipitation in China: Implications for paleoclimate reconstructions. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 2004, 220: 365–377
Tian L, Yao T, Numaguti A, et al. Relation between stable isotope in monsoon precipitation in southern Tibetan Plateau and moisture transport history. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci, 2001, 44 (Suppl): 267–274
Tian L, Yao T, Macclune K, et al. Stable isotopic variations in west China: A consideration of moisture sources. J Geophys Res-Atmos, 2007, 112: D10112
Kang S, Qin D, Ren J, et al. Relationships between an ice core records from southern Tibetan Plateau and atmospheric circulation over Asia (in Chinese). Quat Sci, 2006, 26: 153–164
Harris N. The elevation history of the Tibetan Plateau and its implications for the Asian monsoon. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 2006, 241: 4–15
Hren M T, Bookhagen B, Blisniuk P M, et al. δ 18O and δD of streamwaters across the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau: Implications for moisture sources and paleoelevation reconstructions. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 2009, 288: 20–32
Putkonen J K. Continuous snow and rain data at 500 to 4400 m altitude near Annapurna, Nepal, 1999–2001. Arct Antarct Alp Res, 2004, 36: 244–248
Ding L, Xu Q, Zhang L Y, et al. Regional variation of river water oxygen isotope and empirical elevation prediction models in Tibetan Plateau (in Chinese). Quat Sci, 2009, 29: 1–12
Xu Q, Ding L, Zhang L Y, et al. Stable isotopes of modern herbivore tooth enamel in the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for paleoelevation reconstructions. Chin Sci Bull, 2009, 54: 2160–2168
Rowley D B, Currie B S. Palaeo-altimetry of the late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola basin, central Tibet. Nature, 2006, 439: 677–681
Lehnert O, Fryda J, Buggisch W, et al. δ 13C records across the late Silurian Lau event: New data from middle palaeo-latitudes of northern peri-Gondwana (Prague Basin, Czech Republic). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 2007, 245: 227–244
Chen Z L, Wang X F, Feng X H, et al. Application of stable isotope in reconstructing the uplift history of mountains (in Chinese). Bull Mineral Petrol Geochem, 2001, 20: 211–213
Guo Z T, Wu H B, Wei J J, et al. Tentative estimate of the southeast margin uplift of Qinhai-Xizang Plateau using organic carbon isotope composition of paleosols (in Chinese). Quat Sci, 2001, 21: 392–398
Wu Z H, Zhao X, Ye B S, et al. Paleo-elevation of the Tibetan Plateau inferred from carbon and oxygen isotopes of lacustrine deposits (in Chinese). Acta Geol Sin, 2007, 81: 1277–1288
Holdsworth G, Fogarasi S, Krouse H R. Variation of the stable isotopes of water with altitude In the Saint Elias Mountains of Canada. J Geophys Res-Atmos, 1991, 96: 7483–7494
Wang N L, Zhang S B, He J Q, et al. Tracing the major source area of the mountainous runoff generation of the Heihe River in northwest China using stable isotope technique. Chin Sci Bull, 2009, 54: 2751–2757
Yao T D, Zhou H, Yang X X. Indian monsoon influences altitude effect of δ 18O in precipitation/river water on the Tibetan Plateau. Chin Sci Bull, 2009, 54: 2724–2731
Rowley D B, Pierrehumbert R T, Currie B S. A new approach to stable isotope-based paleoaltimetry: Implications for paleoaltimetry and paleohypsometry of the High Himalaya since the Late Miocene. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 2001, 188: 253–268
Rowley D B, Garzione C N. Stable isotope-based paleoaltimetry. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci, 2007, 35: 463–508
Poage M A, Chamberlain C P. Empirical relationships between elevation and the stable isotope composition of precipitation and surface waters: Considerations for studies of paleoelevation change. Am J Sci, 2001, 301: 1–15
Quade J, Garzione C, Eiler J. Paleoelevation reconstruction using pedogenic carbonates. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 2007, 66: 53–87
Kang S C, Karl J K, Mayewski P, et al. Stable isotopic composition of precipitation over the northern slope of the central Himalaya. J Glaciol, 2002, 163: 519–526
Hou S, Valérie M-D, Qin D, et al. Modern precipitation stable isotope vs. elevation gradients in the High Himalaya. Comment on A new approach to stable isotope-based paleoaltimetry: Implications for paleoaltimetry and paleohypsometry of the High Himalaya since the Late Miocene by David B. Rowley et al. [Earth Planet Sci Lett 188 (2001) 253–268]. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 2003, 209: 395–399
Yang X X, Xu B Q, Yang W, et al. Study of altitudinal lapse rates of δ18O in precipitation/river water with seasons on the southeast Tibetan Plateau. Chin Sci Bull, 2009, 54: 2742–2750
Zhang X P, Liu J M, Tian L D, et al. Variations of δ 18O in precipitation along vapor transport Paths over Asia (in Chinese). Acta Geogr Sin, 2004, 59: 699–708
Garzione C N, Quade J, DeCelles P G, et al. Predicting paleoelevation of Tibet and the Himalaya from δ 18O vs. altitude gradients in meteoric water across the Nepal Himalaya. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 2000, 183: 215–229
Garzione C N, Dettman D L, Quade J, et al. High times on the Tibetan Plateau: Paleoelevation of the Thakkhola graben, Nepal. Geology, 2000, 28: 339–342
Ramesh R, Sarin M M. Stable isotope study of the Ganga (Ganges) River system. J Hydrol, 1992, 139: 49–62
Dalai T K, Bhattacharya S K, Krishnaswami S. Stable isotopes in the source waters of the Yamuna and its tributaries: Seasonal and altitudinal variations and relation to major cations. Hydrol Process, 2002, 16: 3345–3364
Bartarya S K, Bhattacharya S K, Ramesh R, et al. δ 18O and δD systematics in the surficial waters of the Gaula river catchment area, Kumaun Himalaya, Indian. J Hydrol, 1995, 167: 369–379
Yao T D, Thompson L G, Duan K Q, et al. Temperature and methane records over the last 2 ka in Dasuopu ice core. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci, 2002, 45: 1068–1074
Thompson L G, Yao T, Mosley-Thompson E, et al. A high-resolution millennial record of the South Asian Monsoon from Himalayan ice cores. Science, 2000, 289: 1916–1919
Grootes P M, Stuiver M, Thompson L G, et al. Oxygen isotope changes in tropical ice, Quelccaya, Peru. J Geophys Res, 1989, 94: 1187–1194
Wang P L, Yao T D, Tian L D, et al. Recent high-resolution glaciochemical record from a Dasuopu firn core of middle Himalaya. Chin Sci Bull, 2008, 53: 418–425