Spider (Araneae) abundance and species richness comparison between native wildflower plantings and fallow controls in intensively managed agricultural areas

Arthropod-Plant Interactions - Tập 14 - Trang 263-274 - 2019
Joshua W. Campbell1, Marc Milne2, Bao Thu Dinh2, Jaret C. Daniels3,4, James D. Ellis3
1Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
2Department of Biology, Shaheen College of Arts and Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
3Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
4 McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, USA

Tóm tắt

Large-scale agriculture has led to a loss of overall biodiversity and ecosystem services (e.g., biological control) within farmland. Native wildflower plantings have been used to restore ecosystem services and increase conservation measures within agricultural areas. In this study, we examined spider (Araneae) communities within small wildflower plots and fallow control plots that were primarily composed of grasses. Utilizing multiple trapping schemes (pitfalls, sweep netting, and pan trapping), spiders were found to be more abundant within the wildflower plots compared to fallow controls but species richness or Shannon–Wiener diversity indices were not different between the two habitats. The sheet web-weaving spider, Ceraticelus tibialis, (Araneae: Linyphiidae) was more abundant within the fallow controls, whereas, some spider families (Lycosidae, and Oxyopidae) were significantly more abundant in the wildflower plots. Categorizing spiders into hunting/web-building guilds showed that ambushers, space, and stalkers were significantly more abundant in the wildflower plots but low-sheet/tangle weavers were significantly more abundant in the fallow controls. Our results suggest that wildflower plantings can be a successful way to increase overall spider abundance within intensive agricultural areas and, thus, may help contribute to biological control of pest insects. However, our results also suggest wildflower plantings may not be a useful conservation tool that increases spider biodiversity within agricultural areas.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Alderwiereldt M (1994) Prey selection and prey capture strategies of linyphiid spiders in high-input agricultural fields. Bull Br Arachnol Soc 9:300–308 Arango AM, Rico-Gray V, Parra-Tabla V (2000) Population structure, seasonality, and habitat use by the green lynx spider Peucetia viridans (Oxyopidae) inhabiting Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Euphorbiaceae). J Arachnol 28:185–194 Arango AM, Portillo JL, Parra-Tabla V, Salazar LTH, Mávil JEM, Gray VR (2012) Effect of the spider Peucetia viridans (Oxyopidae) on floral visitors and seed set of Cnidoscolus multilobus (Euphorbiaceae). Acta Bot Mex 100:1–14 Balzan MV, Bocci G, Moonen AC (2014) Augmenting flower trait diversity in wildflower strips to optimise the conservation of arthropod functional groups for multiple agroecosystem services. J Insect Conserv 18:713–728 Bammer MC, Campbell JW, Kimmel CB, Ellis JD, Daniels JC (2017) A guide to planting wildflower enhancements in Florida. ENY168. UF/IFAS Extension Bell JR, Johnson PJ, Hambler C, Haughton AJ, Smith H, Feber RE, Macdonald DW (2002) Manipulating the abundance of Lepthyphantes tenuis (Araneae: Linyphiidae) by field margin management. Agric Ecosyst Environ 93:295–304 Bishop L, Riechert SE (1990) Spider colonization of agroecosystems: mode and source. Environ Entomol 19:1738–1745 Blaauw BR, Isaacs R (2015) Wildflower plantings enhance the abundance of natural enemies and their services in adjacent blueberry fields. Biol Control 91:94–103 Blake RJ, Woodcock BA, Westbury DB, Sutton P, Potts SG (2013) Novel management to enhance spider biodiversity in existing grass buffer strips. Agric Ecosyst Environ 15:77–85 Braman SK, Pendley AF, Corley W (2002) Influence of commercially available wildflower mixes on beneficial arthropod abundance and predation in turfgrass. Environ Entomol 31:564–572 Brown KS, Necaise JS, Goddard J (2008) Additions to the known US distribution of Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae: Theridiidae). J Med Entomol 45:959–962 Campbell JW, Miller DA, Martin JA (2016) Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) intercropping within managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) does not affect wild bee communities. Insects 7(4):62 Campbell JW, Smithers C, Irvin A, Kimmel CB, Stanley-Stahr C, Daniels JC, Ellis JD (2017) Trap nesting wasps and bees in agriculture: a comparison of sown wildflower and fallow plots in Florida. Insects 8(4):107 Chisholm PJ, Gardiner MM, Moon EG, Crowder DW (2014) Tools and techniques for investigating impacts of habitat complexity on biological control. Biol Control 75:48–57 Churchill TB (1993) Effects of sampling method on composition of a Tasmanian coastal heathland spider assemblage. Mem Queensl Mus 33:475–481 Cristofoli S, Mahy G, Kekenbosch R, Lambeets K (2010) Spider communities as evaluation tools for wet heathland restoration. Ecol Indic 10:773–780 De Keer R, Maelfait JP (1987) Life history pattern of Oedothorax fuscus (Blackwall 1834) (Araneida, Linyphiidae) in a heavily grazed pasture. Rev Ecol Biol Sol 24:171–185 Denys C, Tscharntke T (2002) Plant-insect communities and predator-prey ratios in field margin strips, adjacent crop fields, and fallows. Oecologia 130:315–324 Donald PF (1998) Changes in the abundance of invertebrates and plants on British farmland. Br Wildl 9:279–289 Edwards GB, Ruiz GR (2013) Freya ambigua (Araneae: Salticidae) introduced to the continental United States, with new synonyms. J Arachnol 41:11–17 Feltham H, Park K, Minderman J, Goulson D (2015) Experimental evidence that wildflower strips increase pollinator visits to crops. Ecol Evol 5:3523–3530 Frank T (1998) Slug damage and numbers of the slug pests, Arion lusitanicus and Deroceras reticulatum, in oilseed rape grown beside sown wildflower strips. Agric Ecosyst Environ 67:67–78 Frank T, Aeschbacher S, Barone M, Künzle I, Lethmayer C, Mosimann C (2009) Beneficial arthropods respond differentially to wildflower areas of different age. Annj Zool Fennici 46:465–480 Garb JE, González A, Gillespie RG (2004) The black widow spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae): Phylogeny, biogeography, and invasion history. Mol Phylogenetics Evol 31:1127–1142 Gibson CWD, Hambler C, Brown VK (1992) Changes in spider (Araneae) assemblages in relation to succession and grazing management. J Appl Ecol 29:132–142 Greenstone MH (1984) Determinants of web spider species diversity: vegetation structural diversity vs. prey availability. Oecologia 62:299–304 Hancock MH, Legg CJ (2012) Pitfall trapping bias and arthropod body mass. Insect Conserv Diver 5:312–318 Hann SW (1990) Evidence for the displacement of an endemic New Zealand spider, Latrodectus katipo Powell by the South African species Steatoda capensis Hann (Araneae:Theridiidae). New Zeal J Zool 17:295–308 Heiling AM, Herberstein ME, Chittka L (2003) Pollinator attraction: crab-spiders manipulate flower signals. Nature 421:334 Hole DG, Perkins AJ, Wilson JD, Alexander IH, Grice PV, Evans AD (2005) Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biol Conserv 122:113–130 Horváth R, Magura T, Szinetár C (2001) Effects of immission load on spiders living on black pine. Biodivers Conserv 10:1531–1542 Isaia M, Bona F, Badino G (2006) Influence of landscape diversity and agricultural practices on spider assemblage in Italian vineyards of Langa stigiana (Northwest Italy). Environ Entomol 35:297–307 Kleijn D, Rundlöf M, Scheper J, Smith HG, Tscharntke T (2011) Does conservation on farmland contribute to halting the biodiversity decline? Trends Ecol Evol 26:474–481 Koh I, Lonsdorf E, Williams N, Brittain C, Isaacs R, Gibbs J, Ricketts T (2016) Modeling the status, trends, and impacts of wild bee abundance in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:140–145 Lee JC, Menalled FD, Landis DA (2001) Refuge habitats modify impact of insecticide disturbance on carabid beetle communities. J Appl Ecol 38:472–483 Louda SM (1982) Inflorescence spiders: a cost/benefit analysis for the host plant, Haplopappus venetus Blake (Asteraceae). Oecologia 55:185–191 Marshall EJP, Moonen AC (2002) Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture. Agric Ecosyst Environ 89:5–21 Marshall EJP, Brown VK, Boatman ND, Lutman PJW, Squire GR, Ward LK (2003) The role of weeds in supporting biological diversity within crop fields. Weed Res 43:77–89 McCrone JD, Stone KJ (1965) The widow spiders of Florida (Vol 2). Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville Nyffeler M, Dondale CD, Redner JH (1986) Evidence for displacement of a North American spider, Steatoda borealis (Hentz), by the European species S. bipunctata (Linnaeus) (Araneae: Theridiidae). Can J Zool 64:867–874 Pearce JL, Venier LA (2006) The use of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) as bioindicators of sustainable forest management: a review. Ecol Indic 6:780–793 Pfiffner L, Luka H, Schlatter C, Juen A, Traugott M (2009) Impact of wildflower strips on biological control of cabbage lepidopterans. Agric Ecosyst Environ 129:310–314 Rix MG, Huey JA, Main BY, Waldock JM, Harrison SE, Comer S, Austin AD, Harvey MS (2017) Where have all the spiders gone? The decline of a poorly known invertebrate fauna in the agricultural and arid zones of southern Australia. Aust Entomol 56:14–22 Ruhren S, Handel SN (1999) Jumping spiders (Salticidae) enhance the seed production of a plant with extrafloral nectaries. Oecologia 119:227–230 Schmidt MH, Roschewitz I, Thies C, Tscharntke T (2005) Differential effects of landscape and management on diversity and density of ground-dwelling farmland spiders. J Appl Ecol 42:281–287 Schmidt-Entling MH, Döbeli J (2009) Sown wildflower areas to enhance spiders in arable fields. Agric Ecosyst Environ 133:19–22 Shepard M, Carner GR, Turnipseed SG (1974) A comparison of three sampling methods for arthropods in soybeans. Environ Entomol 3:227–232 Taucare-Rios A, Bizama G, Bustamante RO (2016) Using global and regional species distribution models (SDM) to infer the invasive stage of Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the Americas. Environ Entomol 45:1379–1385 Ubick D, Paquin P, Cushing PE, Roth V (2005) Spiders of North American: an identification manusal. American Arachnological Society, Keene, p 377 Ubick D, Paquin P, Cushing PE, Duperre N (2017) Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society, Keene Uetz GW, Halaj J, Cady AB (1999) Guild structure of spiders in major crops. J Arachnol 27:270–280 Williams NM, Ward KL, Pope N, Isaacs, Wilson RJ, May EA, Ellis J, Daniels J, Pence A, Ullmann K, Peters J (2015) Native wildflower plantings support wild bee abundance and diversity in agricultural landscapes across the United States. Ecol Appl 25:2119–2131 Wilson JD, Morris AJ, Arroyo BE, Clark SC, Bradbury RB (1999) A review of the abundance and diversity of invertebrate and plant foods of granivorous birds in northern Europe in relation to agricultural change. Agric Ecosyst Environ 75:13–30