Alveolar surface forces and lung architecture

Amrein, 1997, A scanning force and fluorescence light microscopic study of the structure and function of pulmonary surfactant, Eur. Biophys. J., 26, 349, 10.1007/s002490050089 Bachofen, 1982, Perfusion fixation of lungs for structure–function analysis: credits and limitations, J. Appl. Physiol., 53, 528, 10.1152/jappl.1982.53.2.528 Bachofen, 1982, Surface and volumes of alveolar tissue under zone II and zone III conditions, J. Appl. Physiol., 53, 879, 10.1152/jappl.1982.53.4.879 Bachofen, 1987, Relations among alveolar surface tension, surface area, volume, and recoil pressure, J. Appl. Physiol., 62, 1878, 10.1152/jappl.1987.62.5.1878 Bachofen, 1994, Disturbance of alveolar lining layer: effects of alveolar microstructure, J. Appl. Physiol., 76, 1983, 10.1152/jappl.1994.76.5.1983 Bachofen, 1997, Micromechanics of the acinus and alveolar walls, 1159 Bastacky, 1995, Alveolar lining layer is thin and continuous: low temperature scanning electron microscopy of rat lung, J. Appl. Physiol., 79, 1615, 10.1152/jappl.1995.79.5.1615 Brown, 1964, Isolation and assay of dipalmitoyl lecithin in lung extracts, Am. J. Physiol., 207, 402, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1964.207.2.402 Brown, 1959, Pulmonary surface tension, J. Appl. Physiol., 14, 717, 10.1152/jappl.1959.14.5.717 Chaudhury, 1992, How to make water run uphill, Science, 256, 1539, 10.1126/science.256.5063.1539 Clements, 1957, Surface tension of lung extracts, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 95, 170, 10.3181/00379727-95-23156 Clements, 1958, Pulmonary surface tension and the mucus lining of the lung: some theoretical considerations, J. Appl. Physiol., 12, 262, 10.1152/jappl.1958.12.2.262 Clements, 1961, Pulmonary surface tension and alveolar stability, J. Appl. Physiol., 16, 444, 10.1152/jappl.1961.16.3.444 Davies, 1988, Changes in pulmonary mechanics after the administration of surfactant to infants with the respiratory distress syndrome, N. Engl. J. Med., 319, 476, 10.1056/NEJM198808253190804 Fung, 1988, A model of lung structure and its validation, J. Appl. Physiol., 64, 2132, 10.1152/jappl.1988.64.5.2132 Gil, 1969, Improvements in demonstration of lining layer of lung alveoli by electron microscopy, Respir. Physiol., 8, 13, 10.1016/0034-5687(69)90042-5 Goerke, 1986, Alveolar surface tension and lung surfactant Grunder, 1999, Structures of surfactant films: a scanning force microscopy study, Eur. Resp. J., 14, 1290, 10.1183/09031936.99.14612909 Im Hof, 1997, In vivo determination of tracheal surface tension in the horse and in vitro control studies, Respir. Physiol., 109, 81, 10.1016/S0034-5687(97)84032-7 Karakaplan, 1980, A mathematical model of lung parenchyma, J. Biomed. Eng., 102, 124 Mead, 1970, Stress distribution in lungs: a model of pulmonary elasticity, J. Appl. Physiol., 28, 596, 10.1152/jappl.1970.28.5.596 Nag, 1993, Epifluorescence microscopic studies of monolayers containing mixtures of dioleoyl- and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholines, Biophys. J., 65, 1019, 10.1016/S0006-3495(93)81155-X Nag, 1998, Phase transitions in films of lung surfactant at the air–water interface, Biophys. J., 74, 2983, 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)78005-1 Von Nahmen, 1997, The phase behaviour of lipid monolayers containing pulmonary surfactant protein C studied by fluorescence light microscopy, Eur. Biophys. J., 26, 359, 10.1007/s002490050090 Von Nahmen, 1997, The structure of a model pulmonary surfactant as revealed by scanning force microscopy, Biophys. J., 72, 463, 10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78687-9 Oldmixon, 1985, Perfusion dehydration fixes elastin and preserves lung air-space dimensions, J. Appl. Physiol., 58, 105, 10.1152/jappl.1985.58.1.105 Orsos, 1936, Die gerüstsysteme der lunge und deren physiologische und pathologische bedeutung. I. Normalanatomische, Verhältnisse. Beitr. Klin. Tuberk., 87, 568, 10.1007/BF02141209 Pattle, 1955, Properties, function and origin of the alveolar lining layer, Nature, 175, 1125, 10.1038/1751125b0 Pattle, 1960, The cause of the stability of bubbles derived from the lung, Phys. Med. Biol., 5, 11, 10.1088/0031-9155/5/1/302 Pattle, 1965, Surface lining of lung alveoli, Physiol. Rev., 45, 48, 10.1152/physrev.1965.45.1.48 Schürch, 1978, Direct determination of volume- and time-dependence of alveolar surface tension in excised lung, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 3417, 10.1073/pnas.75.7.3417 Schürch, 1982, Surface tension at low lung volumes: dependence on time and alveolar size, Respir. Physiol., 48, 339, 10.1016/0034-5687(82)90038-X Schürch, 1992, A captive bubble method reproduces the in situ behavior of lung surfactant monolayers, J. Appl. Physiol., 67, 2389, 10.1152/jappl.1989.67.6.2389 Schürch, 1992, Surface properties of rat pulmonary surfactant studied with the captive bubble method: adsorption, hysteresis, stability, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1103, 127, 10.1016/0005-2736(92)90066-U Schürch, 1998, Alveolar lining layer. Functions, composition, structures Stoeckenius, 1962, Some electron microscopical observations on liquid cristalline phases in lipid water systems, J. Cell. Biol., 12, 221, 10.1083/jcb.12.2.221 Untersee, 1971, Visualization of extracellular lining layer of lung alveoli by freeze etching, Respir. Physiol., 13, 171, 10.1016/0034-5687(71)90088-0 Weibel, 1979, Structural design of the alveolar septum and fluid exchange Wilson, 1982, A model for the mechanical structure of the alveolar duct, J. Appl. Physiol., 52, 1064, 10.1152/jappl.1982.52.4.1064